Base-collections of Crop Genetic Resources: Their Future Importance in a Man-dominated World

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kar-Ling Tao ◽  
J. Trevor Williams ◽  
Dick H. van Sloten
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Crop Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
The World ◽  
Practicable Method

Plant genetic resources are vital in safeguarding and increasing crop production and enhancing human nutrition, particularly in a Man-dominated world. Crop genetic resources are currently under threat of loss for various reasons. Conservation as seed is the most common and practicable method of preserving plant genetic resources. The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), in cooperation with gene-banks around the world, has created a global network of base-collections. In order to minimize losses of stock in the gene-banks, standards were developed in 1985 and base-collections were assessed against them.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change and Global Warming on Utilization of Crop Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardeshir B. Damania
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Crop Genetic Resources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bio Engineering

Abstract: A large number of collecting expeditions were launched in regions of ‘centers of diversity’ and hundreds of thousands of sample have been collected and stored in gene banks as ‘genetic resources’. So far, only a small number of the samples have been evaluated for their biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Now, their time to become useful has come. A new global phenomenon has arisen – climate change. The crop genetic resources and their wild progenitors that have survived countless years of changing environment during the last 11,000 years could harbor genes that may be useful under the new growing conditions and environmental factors thrown up by climate change and global warming. With the deployment of modern bio-engineering techniques selected genes or gene fragments can be transferred from genetic resources to modern varieties of crop plants to make them well-prepared to mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change. The latter is the most serious issue facing plant breeders today. New pests and diseases could affect crop production. These review paper discusses various impacts and issues as a result of this phenomenon and suggest ways to safeguard our most important crops through better management of crop plant genetic resources in the near future.

Analysis of the survival rate of world hop varieties (Humulus lupulus L.) in the collection of the Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Osipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents the results of research of hop varieties collected from various hop-producing countries of the world in order to preserve the genetic resources of this crop. The history of the development of the bioresource genetic collection of common hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is described. In Chuvashia in 1980, work began on the collection and creation of a collection of hops. In many countries of the world, national programs are being developed for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources, including hops.

Conservation and use of global plant genetic resources for insect resistance

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Quisenberry ◽  
S. L. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
Total Crop

Insect and mite damage accounts for a significant level (30−70%) of total crop production losses. Conservation and use of plant genetic resources are required to endow crops with pest resistance, as well as to enhance crop yields and nutritional qualities. Advancements in molecular genetic technologies have the potential to facilitate the introgression of insect resistance genes from conserved and unadapted germplasm into cultivated crops. Long−term food security and the sustainability of agricultural productivity worldwide can be enhanced with the conservation and use of global plant genetic resources.

scholarly journals Research, conservation and utilisation of plant genetic resources and agro-biodiversity enhancement – Contribution of the Research Institute of Crop Production Prague-Ruzyně

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dotlačil ◽  
Z. Stehno ◽  
I. Fáberová ◽  
A. Michalová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Hulled Wheat ◽  
Neglected Crops ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Passport Data ◽  
National Information ◽  
Research Institute

Activities on plant genetic resources in the Czech Republic are concentrated in the National Programme on Conservation and Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources. Eleven institutions maintain 51,000 accessions, of which 17.3% belong to vegetatively propagated species. Research Institute of Crop Production (RICP) Prague has the responsibility for the coordination of the Programme; it holds more than half of all accessions in collections of genetic resources, runs the national information system and provides long-term storage for all seed-propagated species. All Czech collections are fully documented in passport data. Evaluation data (based on National descriptor lists for 29 crops) are available for 33% of the accessions. Much work is currently spent to the description and evaluation of collections, to facilitate their utilisation in breeding and agricultural practice. Also collecting missions on the Czech territory, conservation and monitoring of valuable resources maintained in situ contributeto the maintenance and evaluation of local resources. Landraces are considered a valuable part of the collections. Suitable ways of “on farm” conservation are investigated for selected accessions, to support their utilisation in agricultural practice and to enrich the existing diversity of crops and cultivars. Cultivars and landraces of neglected crops (buckwheat, millet, hulled wheat species) were successfully used to enrich the agro-biodiversity and for specific purposes of human nutrition. Close collaboration with producers (often organic farms) and processing industry has been established. Selected alternative crops and catch crops were studied as potential new crops.

scholarly journals The Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center’s (OAPGRC) Science Café: A Success Story”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Abubakr Al Saadi ◽  
Hameed Challoob Ali Al-Khafaji ◽  
Rasha Hilal Al Saifi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Science Cafe

Science Cafés are held in many towns and cities across the world for the promotion of scientific culture and the understanding of our daily lives, which we live in. They provide a platform for interaction and dialogue between scientists, researchers, businesses and the community on trends towards current scientific issues the extent of their impact on culture and society. The Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (OAPGRC) Science Cafe is a forum for the discussion of important and interesting scientific topics and issues. Since May 2013 to December 2015, OAPGRC has held a series of science café sessions on topics related to biodiversity, food security, climate change, pollution and sustainable use. The OAPGRC science café is the first in Oman to be put on the international map of scientific cafes around the world.  Reviewing the data on the outcomes and performance of these sessions indicates that the session attendance and active participation was 51% by men and 49% women. This is an exceptional case where the interest is almost equal between the genders. As for the age group, the highest percentage 49% was of a class of young people aged between 18-25 years. Followed by the age group (26-35 years) which was 30%. The lowest percentage was 21% for the age group of above 35 years. The experience of the science café in Oman has been proved as a major success for both the scientific and social aspects. Therefore there are different plans to maintained and develop it in the near future.

scholarly journals Conservation of crop genetic resources in Brazil in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Rodriguésia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1557-1565
Author(s):  
Juliano Gomes Pádua
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract Cultivated species, on which humankind depends for survival, have been created by farmers that have crossed and selected wild plants and developed landraces. Early in 20th century, the theory of Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants was proposed by Vavilov. He also warned the world about the loss of plant genetic diversity due to the dominance of a small number of genetically similar crops, a fact that help starting a movement for the conservation of plant genetic resources. From this time, several strategies and institutions were established around the world to act in plant genetic resources (PGR) conservation. In Brazil, a remarkable player in PGR conservation, some institutions conserve several crop species as well as their wild relatives and other socio-economically valuable plant species. In this paper we present the status of PGR conservation in Brazil as well as initiatives and laws aiming at respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local knowledge, in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.

scholarly journals Management Status of Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M N Paudel ◽  
B K Joshi ◽  
K H Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Recalcitrant Seed ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Agricultural plant genetic resources (APGRs) are one of the pivotal sources for developing high yielding, stress tolerance varieties to sustain food and nutritional security of the world. Nepal has established National Agriculture Genetic Resource Centre (NAGRC), alias Genebank under the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) in Khumaltar premise in 2010 AD (2066 BS). NAGRC has been doing collection, identification, characterization, and regeneration of APGRs since its establishment. There are more than 11000 collections of APGRs in the Genebank. These accessions include cereals, pseudo cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetable of orthodox seed whereas crops having recalcitrant seed are conserved in the field Genebank, on-farm genebank and tissue bank. To analyze characters of new accessions, standard passport data are recorded and entered to accessions giving geographical locations and coordinates. The APGRs have been collected, cleaned, processed, preserved and regenerated and characterized according to the standard procedures and norms used by scientists across the world. Types of Genebank and options for effective management of APGRs in Nepal have explained in brief. This paper tries to explain the importance and management of APGRs with respect to sustain food and nutritional security of Nepal in coming days ahead.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, 2016, Page: 75-91

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