Ultrastructural Study of Human Testicular Biopsies in Infertility

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Shirley Siew ◽  
Philip Troen ◽  
Howard R. Nankin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male Subjects

Testicular biopsies were obtained from six young male subjects (age range 24-33) who complained of infertility and who had clinical evidence of oligospermia. This was confirmed on histological examination which showed a broad spectrum from profound hypospermatogenesis to relatively normal appearing germinal epithelium. Thickening of the tubular walls was noted in half of the cases and slight peritubular fibrosis in one. The Leydig cells were reported as normal or unremarkable.Transmission electron microscopy showed that the thickening of the supporting tissue of the germinal epithelium was caused more by an increase in the thickness of the layers of the lamina propria than of the tubular wall itself. The changes in the basement membrane of the tubular wall consisted mostly of a greater degree of infolding into the tubule and some reduplication which gave rise to a multilayered appearance.

The blister of porphyria cutanea tarda: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic study

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Veronika Burmeister ◽  
R. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a disorder of porphyrin metabolism which occurs most often during middle age. The disease is characterized by excessive production of uroporphyrin which causes photosensitivity and skin eruptions on hands and arms, due to minor trauma and exposure to sunlight. The pathology of the blister is well known, being subepidermal with epidermodermal separation, it is not always absolutely clear, whether the basal lamina is attached to the epidermis or the dermis. The purpose of our investigation was to study the attachment of the basement membrane in the blister by comparing scanning with transmission electron microscopy.

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Human Lung in a Patient with Sarcoid-like Reaction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
John H. L. Watson ◽  
Jessica Goodwin ◽  
E. Osborne Coates
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reaction ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Transmission Electron

Biopsies of lung were taken at operation from a patient with semi-acute diffuse pulmonary infiltrates for study by TEM and SEM. Tissue by light microscopy showed non-caseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Clinical evidence suggested a hypersensitivity reaction related to inhalation of substance of undetermined nature. Samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde, cacodylate-buffered. They were critical point dried and coated with Au-Pd for SEM, and were handled appropriately for TEM in Araldite. Sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

scholarly journals Cells of renin lineage take on a podocyte phenotype in aging nephropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (10) ◽  
pp. F1198-F1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Pippin ◽  
Sean T. Glenn ◽  
Ronald D. Krofft ◽  
Michael E. Rusiniak ◽  
Charles E. Alpers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Reporter Mice ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Podocyte Proteins ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Aging nephropathy is characterized by podocyte depletion accompanied by progressive glomerulosclerosis. Replacement of terminally differentiated podocytes by local stem/progenitor cells is likely a critical mechanism for their regeneration. Recent studies have shown that cells of renin lineage (CoRL), normally restricted to the kidney's extraglomerular compartment, might serve this role after an abrupt depletion in podocyte number. To determine the effects of aging on the CoRL reserve and if CoRL moved from an extra- to the intraglomerular compartment during aging, genetic cell fate mapping was performed in aging Ren1cCre × Rs-ZsGreen reporter mice. Podocyte number decreased and glomerular scarring increased with advanced age. CoRL number decreased in the juxtaglomerular compartment with age. There was a paradoxical increase in CoRL in the intraglomerular compartment at 52 and 64 wk of age, where a subset coexpressed the podocyte proteins nephrin, podocin, and synaptopodin. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that a subset of labeled CoRL in the glomerulus displayed foot processes, which attached to the glomerular basement membrane. No CoRL in the glomerular compartment stained for renin. These results suggest that, despite a decrease in the reserve, a subpopulation of CoRL moves to the glomerulus after chronic podocyte depletion in aging nephropathy, where they acquire a podocyte-like phenotype. This suggests that they might serve as adult podocyte stem/progenitor cells under these conditions, albeit in insufficient numbers to fully replace podocytes depleted with age.

Options for histological study of the structure and ultrastructure of human urinary bladder epithelium

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Štefan Polák ◽  
Stanislav Žiaran ◽  
Jana Mištinová ◽  
Katarína Bevízová ◽  
Ľuboš Danišovič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Human Urinary Bladder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Intermediate Cells ◽  
Umbrella Cells

AbstractThe urothelium lines all urinary passages, with exception of the distal portions of the urethra. For the first time the structure of the human bladder was described by Leonardo Da Vinci in 15th century, however, the exact ultrastructure and function of the bladder’s epithelium have not been fully understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the structure of normal human urinary bladder epithelium with methods of classical histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We obtained biopsies from non-tumor areas from the human urinary bladder of tumor-bearing patients during transurethral resections of these tumours in general or spinal anaesthesia. Totally we investigated biopsies from 20 patients, 16 males and 4 females. The mean age of this group of patients was averaged 66.5 years. The urothelium is comprised of three cell types including polyhedral basal cells, piriform intermediate cells, and superficial umbrella cells. In human urinary bladder epithelium we found a direct connection between intermediate cells and the basement membrane. These thin cytoplasmic projections are detectable not only on slides for light microscopy (semi-thin sections), but also in transmission electron-micrographs. In semi-thin sections we found also direct connections between superficial umbrella cells and basement membrane. These connections we were not able to verify via transmission electron-microscopy. Nevertheless our results show that the human urinary bladder urothelium is a special type of pseudostratified epithelium and each cell has a thin cytoplasmic projection with a direct contact with basement membrane.

scholarly journals Automatic Segmentation of Pathological Glomerular Basement Membrane in Transmission Electron Microscopy Images with Random Forest Stacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cao ◽  
YanMeng Lu ◽  
ChuangQuan Li ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Transmission Electron

Pathological classification through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is essential for the diagnosis of certain nephropathy, and the changes of thickness in glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and presence of immune complex deposits in GBM are often used as diagnostic criteria. The automatic segmentation of the GBM on TEM images by computerized technology can provide clinicians with clear information about glomerular ultrastructural lesions. The GBM region on the TEM image is not only complicated and changeable in shape but also has a low contrast and wide distribution of grayscale. Consequently, extracting image features and obtaining excellent segmentation results are difficult. To address this problem, we introduce a random forest- (RF-) based machine learning method, namely, RF stacks (RFS), to realize automatic segmentation. Specifically, this work proposes a two-level integrated RFS that is more complicated than a one-level integrated RF to improve accuracy and generalization performance. The integrated strategies include training integration and testing integration. Training integration can derive a full-view RFS1 by simultaneously sampling several images of different grayscale ranges in the train phase. Testing integration can derive a zoom-view RFS2 by separately sampling the images of different grayscale ranges and integrating the results in the test phase. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed RFS can be used to automatically segment different morphologies and gray-level basement membranes. Future study on GBM thickness measurement and deposit identification will be based on this work.

scholarly journals Glomerulotubular pathology in dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260702
Author(s):  
Leandro Zuccolotto Crivellenti ◽  
Cristiane Alves Cintra ◽  
Suellen Rodrigues Maia ◽  
Gyl Eanes Barros Silva ◽  
Sofia Borin-Crivellenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Matrix Expansion

Subclinical stage of ehrlichiosis is characterized by absence of clinical or laboratory alterations; however, it could lead to silent glomerular/tubular changes and contribute significantly to renal failure in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate glomerular and tubular alterations in dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis. We evaluated renal biopsies of 14 bitches with subclinical ehrlichiosis and 11 control dogs. Samples were obtained from the left kidney, and the tissue obtained was divided for light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Abnormalities were identified by light microscopy in 92.9% of dogs with ehrlichiosis, but not in any of the dogs of the control group. Mesangial cell proliferation and synechiae (46.1%) were the most common findings, but focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and ischemic glomeruli (38.4%), focal glomerular mesangial matrix expansion (30.7%), mild to moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (23%), and glomerular basement membrane spikes (23%) were also frequent in dogs with ehrlichiosis. All animals with ehrlichiosis exhibited positive immunofluorescence staining for immunoglobulins. Transmission electron microscopy from dogs with ehrlichiosis revealed slight changes such as sparse surface projections and basement membrane double contour. The subclinical phase of ehrlichiosis poses a higher risk of development of kidney damage due to the deposition of immune complexes.

scholarly journals The thermal effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on rat testes

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419
Author(s):  
Viera Almášiová ◽  
Katarína Holovská ◽  
Veronika Šimaiová ◽  
Katarína Beňová ◽  
Adam Raček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Transmission Electron

The study focused on the effect of microwave radiation at a dose which commonly does not lead to tissue heating, however, in the rat testes it resulted in accumulation of heat. Adult rats were exposed to whole body pulse radiation at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and mean power density of 28 W/m2, for 3 h a day for the duration of 3 weeks. Immediately after each irradiation, the body temperature and the testicular temperature were measured in the control and experimental animals. Samples for histological and immunohistochemical analysis were taken after the last irradiation and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. An evaluation of spermatozoa motility was performed using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Although the body temperature of the rats was not elevated after the irradiations, the testicular temperature was significantly increased (P < 0.004). Testes of the experimental animals had considerably dilated and congested blood vessels and the seminiferous epithelium showed degenerative changes. The Leydig cells showed no obvious structural abnormalities. Transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural changes in developing sex cells, Sertoli cells, and endothelial cells. An intensified immunoreactivity to superoxide dismutase 1 was found in spermatogonia and Leydig cells in the experimental animals. Results of the present study revealed a distinctly adverse effect of microwave radiation on the thermoregulatory capability and histological structure of rat testes as well as an oxidative damage of the tissue. The scientific knowledge confirming or denying the thermal effect of microwave radiation on living tissue is scarce and thus the present study may be regarded as unique and helpful to clarify the issue.

ENDOTHELIAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE PROTEOGLYCAN (PG) ALTERATIONS IN DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE (DOCA)-NaCl -INDUCED HYPERTENSIVE RAT MESENTERIC ARTERIES

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Richardson ◽  
R M K W Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Endothelial Permeability ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Endothelial Basement Membrane ◽  
Endothelial Cell Metabolism

Hypertension is associated with increased endothelial permeability. This has been previously associated with endothelial desquamation or alterations in junctional architecture.To determine if this increase in endothelial permeability was associated with changes in the basement membrane, especially the heperan sulphate (HS) PG, ruthenium red-stained sections of the superior mesenteric arteries of DOCA-NaCl treated rats were examined by transmission electron microscopy. After 3 weeks of treatment, some rats were hypertensive (DOCA-H), but some remained normotensive(DOCA-N). The intimal PG distribution was compared between DOCA-H, DOCA-N, and untreated normotensive controls. Compared to untreated controls, in DOCA-H arteries there was a reduction in basement membrane, including HS, and a small increase in other PGs. In DOCA-N arteries there was a much smaller change in PGdisribution. In the DOCA-H rats, there was evidence of increased endothelial permeability as shown by sub-endothelial oedema, and an increase in the wet/dryweight ratio of the kidneys.It is therefore possible that hypertension induces changes in endothelial cell metabolism which affect the production or maintenance of the basement membrane. Since the changes were not observed in the DOCA-Narteries they are not a result of the treatment. HS is generally accepted to be involved in the control of endothelial permeability, thus the observed loss of HS from hypertensive arteries may result in the increased endothelial permeability.Supported by The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.

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