Memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: replication and extension of the delayed word recall (DWR) test

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F Coen ◽  
Gregory RJ Swanwick ◽  
Conor Maguire ◽  
Michael Kirby ◽  
Brian A Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Delayed Recognition ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjective: The original DWR test, which measured delayed free recall, was reported to have high predictiveaccuracy in discriminating Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from control subjects (overall accuracy of 95%).Comparison of differential performance in free recall and recognition of the same material may be of clinical interest. In the present study a delayed recognition component was added to the DWR test and the utility of both measures in discriminating AD patients from control subjects was evaluated.Procedure: This extended version of the DWR test was administered to 66 patients meeting NINCDS/ADRDA criteria for probable AD and 42 control subjects.Results: In a comparison between 42 of these patients (MMSE range 18–29), and 42 age matched healthy controls, both the delayed free recall and recognition measures were highly accurate in distinguishing patients from controls. The free recall measure achieved 98% sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy, while the recognition measure yielded 98% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 96% overall accuracy. The recognition performance of all 66 patients, ranging in severity from very mild to severe (MMSE range 11–29), was also evaluated to determine its relationship, if any, to measures of global cognitive impairment. While therecognition measure correlated poorly with MMSE and CAMCOG there was a modest but significant correlation with the CAMCOG memory subscale.Conclusions: In this study of highly selected AD patients both the free recall and recognition measures were sensitive and specific indicators of AD compared to control subjects. Recognition performance appears to be more closely related to degree of amnesia than to degree of global cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Longitudinal patterns of semantic and episodic memory in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer’s disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON X. XIE ◽  
DAVID J. LIBON ◽  
XINGMEI WANG ◽  
LAUREN MASSIMO ◽  
PEACHIE MOORE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Longitudinal Patterns ◽  
Delayed Recognition

AbstractThe longitudinal assessment of episodic and semantic memory was obtained from 236 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 128) and with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD, n = 108), including patients with a social comportment/dysexecutive (SOC/EXEC) disorder, progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), semantic dementia (SemD), and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). At the initial assessment, AD patients obtained a lower score on the delayed free recall test than other patients. Longitudinal analyses for delayed free recall found converging performance, with all patients reaching the same level of impairment as AD patients. On the initial evaluation for delayed recognition, AD patients also obtained lower scores than other groups. Longitudinal analyses for delayed recognition test performance found that AD patients consistently produced lower scores than other groups and no convergence between AD and other dementia groups was seen. For semantic memory, there were no initial between-group differences. However, longitudinal analyses for semantic memory revealed group differences over illness duration, with worse performance for SemD versus AD, PNFA, SOC/EXEC, and CBS patients. These data suggest the presence of specific longitudinal patterns of impairment for episodic and semantic memory in AD and FTLD patients suggesting that all forms of dementia do not necessarily converge into a single phenotype. (JINS, 2010, 16, 278–286.)

A-7 Discriminating between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease on the MoCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
Taylor McDonald ◽  
Craig D Marker ◽  
Lauren Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asian Pacific

Abstract Objective The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a suitable, sensitive, and specific cognitive screener for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Previous research has found markers to discriminate between MCI and Alzheimer’s disease (ad) on MoCA subtest scores. Specifically, impaired performance on the clock drawing (i.e., number and hand placement), rhino naming, serial 7’s, word recall, and orientation were suggestive of ad. The aim of the present study is to assess for discrimination patterns in MoCA performance between MCI and ad.Method: Data was collected through the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). A sample of MCI (n = 1143; 51% female, 82% White, 15% Black, 3% Asian/Pacific Islander) and ad groups (n = 1339; 56% female, 89% White, 9% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander) were examined. Results An initial independent t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in MoCA scores for MCI (M = 22.01, SD = 3.49) and ad (M = 14.46, SD = 6.05; t(2480) = 38.72, p = 0.000, Cohen’s d = 1.53). Additional t-tests were performed to compare MoCA subtest scores and domain scores for diagnostic groups. There was a statistically significant difference for MCI and ad groups across all MoCA subtests and domains. Despite no discrimination in profiles noted on t-tests, further examination using normal distribution revealed worse performance on trails, clock hands, serial 7’s, repetition, fluency, date, and place in ad groups. Conclusions Consistent with previous findings, clock hands, serial 7’s, and orientation were able to discriminate between ad and MCI. This study found further discrimination in trails, repetition, and fluency. These findings may allow for clinicians to use these patterns of performance as early cognitive markers of impairment.

The utility of naming tests in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F Coen ◽  
Nicholas Kidd ◽  
Aisling Denihan ◽  
Conal Cunningham ◽  
Irene Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Hippocampal Region ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Naming Test ◽  
Temporal Neocortex

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the sensitivity of the CAMCOG naming subscale to anomia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients identified as anomic on the Boston Naming Test (BNT); and to compare the sensitivities of BNT, category (semantic) fluency (CF), and episodic memory (Delayed Word Recall, DWR) in detecting AD.Method: Data from 140 probable AD patients (NINCDS/ADRDA) were analysed. Anomic AD patients were identified (BNT) and the sensitivity to anomia of the CAMCOG naming subscale was calculated. Sensitivity (to AD) and specificity of the BNT, CF and DWR were compared in a subgroup of 60 patients age-matched to controls.Results: On BNT 81% of ADs were classified as anomic (87% specificity). Of these anomic ADs, 23 scored 6/6 on CAMCOG naming (sensitivity = 80%), and sensitivity fell to 30% using a 5/6 cut-off. Correlation between BNT and CAMCOG naming yielded Kendall's tau = 0.48 (p<0.0001). Compared to age-matched controls BNT correctly classified 70% of ADs and 87% of controls (overall accuracy = 77%). On CF 68% of ADs and 83% of controls were correctly classified (overall accuracy = 72%). BNT and CF were moderately correlated (r = 0.49, p<0.0001). DWR correctly classified 93% ADs and 98% controls (overall accuracy = 95%).Conclusions: Given its brevity, we recommend the inclusion of a split-half form of the BNT in screening test batteries for the detection of AD. The observed pattern of cognitive impairment is consistent with current models in which semantic memory deficits occur in AD only when the neuropathology extends beyond the entorhinal/hippocampal region to the temporal neocortex.

scholarly journals Daily Activity Abilities in MCI, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Healthy Controls

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Avila ◽  
Amina Flowers ◽  
Travis M. Scott ◽  
Jill Quilici ◽  
Liana G. Apostolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
Amci Group

Abstract. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a risk state for dementia. The present study assessed daily functioning in MCI individuals (amnestic [aMCI] and nonamnestic [naMCI]) relative to those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy controls (NC). Twenty AD participants, 14 aMCI, 12 naMCI, and 30 healthy controls were administered the Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS). The AD group performed poorer than all groups on all DAFS subscales. The aMCI group performed poorer than controls on the shopping subtests, while the naMCI group performed poorer than controls on only the free recall shopping. Finally, DAFS subscales discriminated the AD and aMCI groups well, but only recognition shopping discriminated between naMCI and aMCI individuals. These findings suggest that circumscribed ADL deficits distinguish subtypes of MCI and AD.

scholarly journals A-02 A Novel Tool for the Differential Diagnosis of Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Cognition: Development and Validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-775
Author(s):  
A Parker ◽  
L Hynan ◽  
C Munro ◽  
W Goette ◽  
L Lacritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Sum Scores ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Normal Cognition

Abstract Objective To create a clinician-friendly diagnostic tool based on neuropsychological and demographic data to assist classification of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and normal cognition (NC). Methods Neuropsychological and demographic data from 652 (256 NC,122 MCI,274 AD) subjects were selected from a regional Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. Utilizing half the sample, two binary logistic regressions compared NC to (MCI + AD) and AD to (NC + MCI) groups. Initial models were reduced in a step-wise manner to determine significant predictors. Raw scores for these variables were multiplied by weights derived from the final regression models and combined to create weighted-sum scores. Cut-points between diagnoses were established using ROC curves based on weighted-sum scores. The tool was validated in the remaining subjects through ROC analyses and sensitivity/specificity calculations for each diagnosis. Results Age, education, sex, Trails A&B, Logical Memory, Animals, and CVLT were all diagnostic predictors. ROC curves comparing weighted sum scores and consensus diagnoses in the validation set showed good discriminability (NC vs MCI + AD: AUC = .95; AD vs NC + MCI: AUC = .98). Scores of 305.75 predicted AD, MCI, and NC respectively, with good sensitivity/specificity in the validation sample (NC = .857/.913, MCI = .711/.883, AD = .914/.951), with 83% of all subjects correctly classified. Conclusions We created a user-friendly diagnostic tool based on demographic and neuropsychological test scores which distinguished between AD, MCI, and NC in an initial validation sample with relatively good accuracy. Results merit replication in other samples, but suggest that this approach may be useful to aid clinical diagnosis, particularly when biomarker data are not available in clinical settings.

A subtest analysis of the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA): which subtests can best discriminate between healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease?

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Francisco Cecato ◽  
José Eduardo Martinelli ◽  
Rafael Izbicki ◽  
Mônica Sanches Yassuda ◽  
Ivan Aprahamian
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Healthy Controls

ABSTRACTBackground:It is necessary to continue to explore the psychometric characteristics of key cognitive screening tests such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to diagnose cognitive decline as early as possible and to attend to the growing need of clinical trials involving mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants. The main aim of this study was to assess which MoCA subtests could best discriminate between healthy controls (HC), participants with MCI, and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:Cross-sectional analysis of 136 elderly with more than four years of education. All participants were submitted to detailed clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging evaluation. The MoCA, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) were applied to all participants. The MoCA test was not used in the diagnostic procedure.Results:Median MoCA total scores were 27, 23 and 18 for HC, MCI, and AD, respectively (p < 0.001). Word repetition, inverse digits, serial 7, phrases, verbal fluency, abstraction, and word recall discriminated between MCI and HC participants (p < 0.001). The clock drawing, the rhino naming, delayed recall of five words and orientation discriminated between patients with MCI and AD (p < 0.001). A reduced version of the MoCA with only these items did not improve accuracy between MCI and HC (p = 0.076) or MCI and AD (p = 0.119).Conclusions:Not all MoCA subtests might be fundamental to clinical diagnosis of MCI. The reduced versions of MoCA did not add diagnostic accuracy.

Unfolded p53 as a marker of oxidative stress in Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara García ◽  
Olaya Amor-Gutiérrez ◽  
María Palomares-Albarrán ◽  
Celia Toyos-Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Cuetos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Aims: There are several candidate biomarkers for AD and PD which differ in sensitivity, specificity, cost-effectiveness, invasiveness, logistical and technical demands. This study is aimed to test whether plasma concentration of unfolded p53 may help to discriminate among the neurodegenerative processes occurring in Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson's disease. Method: An electrochemical immunosensor was used to measure unfolded p53 in plasma samples of 20 Mild Cognitive Impairment (13 males/7 females; mean age 74.95±5.31), 20 Alzheimer’s (11 males/9 females; mean age: 77.25±7.79), 15 Parkinson’s disease patients (12 males/3 females; mean age: 68.60 ± 7.36) and its respective age/sex/studies-matched controls. Result: We observed a significantly higher concentration of unfolded p53 in the plasma of patients of each of the three pathologies with respect to their control groups (p=0.000). Furthermore, the plasma concentration of unfolded p53 was significantly higher in Alzheimer’s disease patients in comparison with Mild Cognitive Impairment patients (p=0.000) and Parkinson’s disease patients (p=0.006). No significant difference between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Parkinson’s disease patients was observed (p=0.524). Conclusion: Our results suggest that unfolded p53 concentration in the plasma may be a useful biomarker for an undergoing neuropathological process that may be common, albeit with a different intensity, to different diseases.

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