Group cognitive behavioural therapy for children with anxiety disorder – an evaluation of the ‘Friends for Youth’ programme

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finian O'Brien ◽  
Nollaig Olden ◽  
Maria Migone ◽  
Barbara Dooley ◽  
Louise Atkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Parental Anxiety ◽  
Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

AbstractObjectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioural therapy (GCBT) for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children over an initial period of 12 weeks and to one-month follow-up. Parents of the children receiving GCBT participated in adjunctive psycho-education sessions and the effect of these sessions on parental anxiety was also evaluated.Methods: Participants were 12 children, six male and six female, aged between 11 and 15 years who were attending a child mental health service. Participants were interviewed with their parents and anxiety symptoms assessed, using the following measures: Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule – revised, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Child Behaviour Checklist. Parental anxiety levels were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. The 12 children were randomly assigned into two age- and sex-matched groups. While the first group received therapy, the second group acted as a treatment-as-usual control (TAU) group. The second group began group cognitive behavioural therapy after the 10-week waiting period. All participants and their parents provided structured feedback on the intervention.Results: Group cognitive behavioural therapy was significantly effective in reducing both child-reported depressive symptoms, and anxiety on the physiological, worry and total anxiety subscales of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. There were associated significant increases in the childrens' subjective levels of general and total self-esteem, that relating to their self-confidence with peers and when engaging in social and academic pursuits. Diagnosis of anxiety disorder reduced by an average of 67% immediately post-treatment, and by 72% by the onemonth follow-up period. Parents reported significant reductions in their children's levels of internalising symptoms, thought and attention problems. However, parents reported no significantly positive changes in their own levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms.Conclusions: Group cognitive-behavioural therapy is a useful and clinically effective intervention for the treatment of anxiety disorder in children.

The efficacy of group cognitive-behavioural therapy plus duloxetine for generalised anxiety disorder versus duloxetine alone

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 316-324
Author(s):  
Zhi-Juan Xie ◽  
Nan Han ◽  
Samuel Law ◽  
Zhi-Wen Li ◽  
Shu-Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Remission Rates

AbstractObjective:To explore whether and how group cognitive-behavioural therapy (GCBT) plus medication differs from medication alone for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).Methods:Hundred and seventy patients were randomly assigned to the GCBT plus duloxetine (n=89) or duloxetine group (n=81). The primary outcomes were Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) response and remission rates. The explorative secondary measures included score reductions from baseline in the HAMA total, psychic, and somatic anxiety subscales (HAMA-PA, HAMA-SA), the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Severity Subscale of Clinical Global Impression Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4-week, 8-week, and 3-month follow-up.Results:At 4 weeks, HAMA response (GCBT group 57.0% vs. control group 24.4%, p=0.000, Cohen’s d=0.90) and remission rates (GCBT group 21.5% vs. control group 6.2%, p=0.004; d=0.51), and most secondary outcomes (all p<0.05, d=0.36−0.77) showed that the combined therapy was superior. At 8 weeks, all the primary and secondary significant differences found at 4 weeks were maintained with smaller effect sizes (p<0.05, d=0.32−0.48). At 3-month follow-up, the combined therapy was only significantly superior in the HAMA total (p<0.045, d=0.43) and HAMA-PA score reductions (p<0.001, d=0.77). Logistic regression showed superiority of the combined therapy for HAMA response rates [odds ratio (OR)=2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02−4.42, p=0.04] and remission rates (OR=2.80, 95% CI 1.27−6.16, p=0.01).Conclusions:Compared with duloxetine alone, GCBT plus duloxetine showed significant treatment response for GAD over a shorter period of time, particularly for psychic anxiety symptoms, which may suggest that GCBT was effective in changing cognitive style.

scholarly journals Group cognitive-behavioural therapy for schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Barrowclough ◽  
Gillian Haddock ◽  
Fiona Lobban ◽  
Steve Jones ◽  
Ron Siddle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

BackgroundThe efficacy of cognitive–behavioural therapy for schizophrenia is established, but there is less evidence for a group format.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of group cognitive – behavioural therapy for schizophrenia.MethodIn all, 113 people with persistent positive symptoms of schizophrenia were assigned to receive group cognitive – behavioural therapy or treatment as usual. The primary outcome was positive symptom improvement on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scales. Secondary outcome measures included symptoms, functioning, relapses, hopelessness and self-esteem.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the cognitive-behavioural therapy and treatment as usual on measures of symptoms or functioning or relapse, but group cognitive – behavioural therapy treatment resulted in reductions in feelings of hopelessness and in low self-esteem.ConclusionsAlthough group cognitive – behavioural therapy may not be the optimum treatment method for reducing hallucinations and delusions, it may have important benefits, including feeling less negative about oneself and less hopeless for the future.

Targeting fear of positive evaluation in patients with social anxiety disorder via a brief cognitive behavioural therapy protocol: a proof-of-principle study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-750
Author(s):  
Justin W. Weeks ◽  
M. Taylor Wilmer ◽  
Carrie M. Potter ◽  
Elizabeth M. Waldron ◽  
Mark Versella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Proof Of Principle ◽  
Fear Of Positive Evaluation ◽  
Positive Evaluation

AbstractBackground:Our aim was to develop a brief cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) protocol to augment treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD). This protocol focused specifically upon fear of positive evaluation (FPE). To our knowledge, this is the first protocol that has been designed to systematically target FPE.Aims:To test the feasibility of a brief (two-session) CBT protocol for FPE and report proof-of-principle data in the form of effect sizes.Method:Seven patients with a principal diagnosis of SAD were recruited to participate. Following a pre-treatment assessment, patients were randomized to either (a) an immediate CBT condition (n = 3), or (b) a comparable wait-list (WL) period (2 weeks; n = 4). Two WL patients also completed the CBT protocol following the WL period (delayed CBT condition). Patients completed follow-up assessments 1 week after completing the protocol.Results:A total of five patients completed the brief, FPE-specific CBT protocol (two of the seven patients were wait-listed only and did not complete delayed CBT). All five patients completed the protocol and provided 1-week follow-up data. CBT patients demonstrated large reductions in FPE-related concerns as well as overall social anxiety symptoms, whereas WL patients demonstrated an increase in FPE-related concerns.Conclusions:Our brief FPE-specific CBT protocol is feasible to use and was associated with large FPE-specific and social anxiety symptom reductions. To our knowledge, this is the first treatment report that has focused on systematic treatment of FPE in patients with SAD. Our protocol warrants further controlled evaluation.

The acceptability and feasibility of group cognitive behavioural therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-625
Author(s):  
Jo Hall ◽  
Stephen Kellett ◽  
Manreesh Kaur Bains ◽  
Heather Stonebank ◽  
Shonagh Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Therapy Protocol

AbstractBackground:Group psychotherapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder is an under-researched area.Aim:This report describes a mixed method evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of an Overcoming Worry Group.Method:The Overcoming Worry Group was a novel adaptation of a cognitive behavioural therapy protocol targeting intolerance-of-uncertainty for generalised anxiety disorder, tailored for delivery to older adults in a group setting (n = 13).Results:The adapted protocol was found to be acceptable and feasible, and treatment outcomes observed were encouraging.Conclusions:This proof-of-concept study provides evidence for an Overcoming Worry Group as an acceptable and feasible group treatment for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder.

scholarly journals Therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy supplemented with group exposure sessions for adolescents with social anxiety disorder: a feasibility trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e018345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Nordh ◽  
Sarah Vigerland ◽  
Lars-Göran Öst ◽  
Brjánn Ljótsson ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Exposure Sessions

ObjectivesSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in youth, with a prevalence of about 3%–4% and increased risk of adverse long-term outcomes, such as depression. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is considered the first-line treatment for youth with SAD, but many adolescents remain untreated due to limited accessibility to CBT. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a therapist-guided internet-delivered CBT treatment, supplemented with clinic-based group exposure sessions (BIP SOFT).DesignA proof-of-concept, open clinical trial with 6-month follow-up.ParticipantsThe trial was conducted at a child and adolescent psychiatric research clinic, and participants (n=30) were 13–17 years old (83% girls) with a principal diagnosis of SAD.Intervention12 weeks of intervention, consisting of nine remote therapist-guided internet-delivered CBT sessions and three group exposure sessions at the clinic for the adolescents and five internet-delivered sessions for the parents.ResultsAdolescents were generally satisfied with the treatment, and the completion rate of internet modules, as well as attendance at group sessions, was high. Post-treatment assessment showed a significant decrease in clinician-rated, adolescent-rated and parent-rated social anxiety (d=1.17, 0.85 and 0.79, respectively), as well as in general self-rated and parent-rated anxiety and depression (d=0.76 and 0.51), compared with pretreatment levels. Furthermore, 47% of participants no longer met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for SAD at post-treatment. At a 6-month follow-up, symptom reductions were maintained, or further improved, and 57% of participants no longer met criteria for SAD.ConclusionTherapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered CBT, supplemented with a limited number of group exposure sessions, is a feasible and promising intervention for adolescents with SAD.Trial registration numberNCT02576171; Results.

scholarly journals One-day cognitive–behavioural therapy self-confidence workshops for people with depression: randomised controlled trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Horrell ◽  
Kimberley A. Goldsmith ◽  
André T. Tylee ◽  
Ulrike H. Schmidt ◽  
Caroline L. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundDespite its high prevalence, help-seeking for depression is low.AimsTo assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 1-day cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) self-confidence workshops in reducing depression. Anxiety, self-esteem, prognostic indicators as well as access were also assessed.MethodAn open randomised controlled trial (RCT) waiting list control design with 12-week follow-up was used (trial registration: ISRCTN26634837). A total of 459 adult participants with depression (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores of 14) self-referred and 382 participants (83%) were followed up.ResultsAt follow-up, experimental and control participants differed significantly on the BDI, with an effect size of 0.55. Anxiety and self-esteem also differed. Of those who participated, 25% were GP non-consulters and 32% were from Black and minority ethnic groups. Women benefited more than men on depression scores. The intervention has a 90% chance of being considered cost-effective if a depression-free day is valued at £14.ConclusionsSelf-confidence workshops appear promising in terms of clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and access by difficult-to-engage groups.

scholarly journals Enduring effects of psychological treatments for anxiety disorders: meta-analysis of follow-up studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borwin Bandelow ◽  
Anne Sagebiel ◽  
Michael Belz ◽  
Yvonne Görlich ◽  
Sophie Michaelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundIt is a widespread opinion that after treatment with psychotherapy, patients with anxiety disorders maintain their gains beyond the active treatment period, whereas patients treated with medication soon experience a relapse after treatment termination.AimsWe aimed to provide evidence on whether enduring effects of psychotherapy differ from control groups.MethodWe searched 93 randomised controlled studies with 152 study arms of psychological treatment (cognitive–behavioural therapy or other psychotherapies) for panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder that included follow-up assessments. In a meta-analysis, pre-post effect sizes for end-point and all follow-up periods were calculated and compared with control groups (medication: n = 16 study arms; pill and psychological placebo groups: n = 17 study arms).ResultsGains with psychotherapy were maintained for up to 24 months. For cognitive–behavioural therapy, we observed a significant improvement over time. However, patients in the medication group remained stable during the treatment-free period, with no significant difference when compared with psychotherapy. Patients in the placebo group did not deteriorate during follow-up, but showed significantly worse outcomes than patients in cognitive–behavioural therapy.ConclusionsNot only psychotherapy, but also medications and, to a lesser extent, placebo conditions have enduring effects. Long-lasting treatment effects observed in the follow-up period may be superimposed by effects of spontaneous remission or regression to the mean.Declaration of interestIn the past 12 months and in the near future, Dr Bandelow has been/will be on the speakers/advisory board for Hexal, Mundipharma, Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer and Servier. Dr Wedekind was on the speakers' board of AstraZeneca, Essex Pharma, Lundbeck and Servier. All other authors have nothing to declare.

An evaluation of a group-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for low self-esteem

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samantha Swartzman ◽  
Jenny Kerr ◽  
Rowena McElhinney
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Abstract Background: Self-esteem is a common factor in many mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. A cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based protocol called ‘Overcoming Low Self-Esteem’ is available; the use of this protocol in a group format has been associated with improvements in self-esteem. However, it is unclear whether improvements persist after the end of a group-based version of this programme. Aims: We aimed to assess whether changes in self-esteem, anxiety and depression persist 3 months after the end of a group version of the Overcoming Low Self-Esteem programme. Method: Using data from the National Health Service in Fife, Scotland, we analysed whether there were improvements on self-report measures of self-esteem, anxiety and depression from the beginning of the group to the end of the group and at a follow-up session 3 months later. Results: Significant improvements in self-esteem, anxiety and depression are maintained at 3 months follow-up. Conclusions: The Overcoming Low Self-Esteem group seems to be associated with improved self-esteem, anxiety and depression. However, further research from randomised controlled trials is needed to establish a causal link between the programme and improved psychological outcomes.

scholarly journals Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive–behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans M. Nordahl ◽  
Thomas D. Borkovec ◽  
Roger Hagen ◽  
Leif E. O. Kennair ◽  
Odin Hjemdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Metacognitive Therapy ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Pre Treatment

BackgroundCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), yielding significant improvements in approximately 50% of patients. There is significant room for improvement in the outcomes of treatment, especially in recovery.AimsWe aimed to compare metacognitive therapy (MCT) with the gold standard treatment, CBT, in patients with GAD (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00426426).MethodA total of 246 patients with long-term GAD were assessed and 81 were randomised into three conditions: CBT (n = 28), MCT (n = 32) and a wait-list control (n = 21). Assessments were made at pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 2 year follow-up.ResultsBoth CBT and MCT were effective treatments, but MCT was more effective (mean difference 9.762, 95% CI 2.679–16.845, P = 0.004) and led to significantly higher recovery rates (65% v. 38%). These differences were maintained at 2 year follow-up.ConclusionsMCT seems to produce recovery rates that exceed those of CBT. These results demonstrate that the effects of treatment cannot be attributed to non-specific therapy factors.Declaration of interestA.W. wrote the treatment protocol in MCT and several books on CBT and MCT, and receives royalties from these. T.D.B. wrote the protocol in CBT and has published several articles and chapters on CBT and receives royalties from these. All other authors declare no competing interests.

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