Comparative History and the Internal View of French, German, and English Private Law

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Valcke
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Stare Decisis ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
Institutional Features

This Article explores the different intellectual and socio-political contexts that attended the emergence of the French, German, and English legal systems with a view to understanding French, German, and English private law from the perspective of the participants in these systems. The French legal system is a child of the Cartesian dualism that marked the Age of Reason, according to which the material world can and ought to be fully dominated by the human intellect. This conception of the relation of facts to ideas arguably is reflected in the structure and design of the French civil code, in such institutional features as the French conception of the role of the judge, as well as in the tendency of French jurists to view contractual consent subjectively. In contrast, the German legal system congealed at a time when Cartesian dualism was losing ground to German idealism. The dialectic conception of facts and ideas favoured by the German idealists arguably made its way into several institutional features of the German legal system, including the content of the BGB, the codification process, the conception of the role of the judge, the style of judicial decisions, and the greater inter-penetration of public and private law. It may also partly explain why German jurists have tended to view contractual consent as simultaneously objective and subjective. Finally, whereas both the French and the German legal systems emerged from highly intellectual contexts, the English legal system grew from a maize of pragmatic political and administrative considerations that left little room for explicit ideas. The emphasis on hard facts still is palpable in many aspects of contemporary English law, in particular, the doctrine of stare decisis, the conception of the judicial function, and the mode of reasoning by analogy. It arguably also is reflected in the tendency of English judges to privilege the objective conception of contractual consent.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM: RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE IN THE WORLD CONTEXT

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Виктор Момотов ◽  
Viktor Momotov
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American

In Russian legal science there is a wide-spread belief according to which legal precedents are not sources of Russian law, because Russian legal system forms a part of continental legal system. Various researchers believe that judicial practice does not contain legal norms and consequently case law is not a component of Russian legal framework. The present paper contains the theoretical and historical legal research of the place and role of case law in Anglo-American and continental legal systems. It’s shown that for long historical periods legal precedents were recognized as sources of law not only in Great Britain and the USA, but also in major European legal systems, while at the present time differentiation of legal systems with respect to their attitude towards case law is becoming outdated. Furthermore, based on the research of various legal scholars’ traditions (principally of the positivistic and the sociological traditions) this article demonstrates that negative attitude towards case law is largely determined by the formalistic and obsolete understanding of the term ”source of law”, coming from the misinterpretation of positivism. The paper also presents the current development trends of case law as a source of law. In particular the article outlines the proactive interpretations of new statutory provisions issued by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the global uniqueness of such interpretations and the influence of scientific–technological progress and public needs on the highest court’s interpretations. The mutual interference of case law and statutory law is shown.

The changing face of private law: doctrinal categories and the regulatory state

Legal Studies ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Regulatory State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
University Curricula

Legal scholars over the last 25 years or so have experienced a growing sense of dissatisfaction with the traditional classifications that segment university curricula and legal textbooks. Contract and tort, for instance, are felt to be not so different after all. The intimate historical links between the tort of negligence and the action of assumpsit may be seen as reflecting the realitics more truly than the later doctrinal separation of voluntarily and involuntarily incurred obligations. The growing impact of public law on the exercise of privatc rights, and the interweaving of public and private law that runs through an evcn greater portion of the legal system, cause still more fundamental doubts.

Part A Annotated Guide, 6 Private Enforcement of the Market Abuse Regulation in European Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busch Danny
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Private Law ◽  
European Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Market Abuse ◽  
Annotated Guide ◽  
Market Abuse Directive

This chapter discusses the role of the Market Abuse Regulation in private law. An infringement of the MAR has an important effect on the private law relations between the infringer and the investing public. As regulatory provisions of this nature are classified as public law, any failure to comply with the MAR will also affect the infringer’s relationship with the competent financial supervisor. In other words, the relevant financial supervisor can enforce these provisions under administrative law in the event of an infringement. This is essentially no different from the situation under of the Market Abuse Regulation’s predecessor—the (former) Market Abuse Directive (2003/6/EC), as implemented in the various national legal systems.

Aproximación a la personalidad jurídica de las civitates romanas en época imperial

2014 ◽  
pp. 2093-2120
Author(s):  
Rosa MENTXAKA ELESPE
Keyword(s):  
Private Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Legal Entities

LABURPENA: Artikuluan modu oso oinarrizkoan aurkezten dira (hartzaile nagusiak zuzenbide-graduko ikasleak baitira) gure aroko lehenengo hiru mendeetako legelari erromatarrek civitates direlakoek trafiko juridikoan gauzatzen zuten jarduerari buruz egindako erreferentziak. Gai aurkeztu ostean (mundu erromatarrean zeuden mota desberdinetako hiri-kokalekuen arteko diferentziak ere azaltzen dira), klasikoen testuak aztertzen dira; horietan, hiri erromatarrei aitortutako ahalmenak aipatzen dira, zuzenbide publikoaren zein pribatuaren esparrukoak. Azterlanetik kanpo geratzen dira epigrafeetan edo legelariak ez zirenen testuetan egindako aipamenak. RESUMEN: El artículo presenta, de una manera muy básica (ya que tiene como principales destinatarios a las y los estudiantes del grado de derecho) algunas de las referencias que encontramos en los escritos de los juristas romanos de los tres primeros siglos de nuestra era a la actuación de las civitates en el tráfico jurídico. Tras una presentación del tema (en la que se explica la diferencia entre los diversos tipos de asentamientos urbanos existentes en el mundo romano) se pasa revista a los textos de los clásicos en los que se mencionan las facultades reconocidas a las ciudades romanas, tanto en el ámbito del derecho público como privado, dejando fuera del estudio las menciones transmitidas en epígrafes o en escritos de no juristas. ABSTRACT: Because it is mainly addressed to students, this paper presents, in a very basic way, some references to the role of the civitates, as legal entities in legal transactions; the texts are collected from Roman jurists of the first three centuries of our era. After an introduction of the different types of varied urban settlements in the Roman, world, there is an exposition based in the recognized faculties to the cities as actors of legal transactions, both in the field of public and private law, leaving aside the references transmitted in inscriptions or in writings of non-Jurists.

Advanced Introduction to Law and Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Mota Prado ◽  
◽  
Michael J. Trebilcock ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Recent Trends

In this thoroughly revised and updated second edition, Mariana Mota Prado and Michael J. Trebilcock offer a succinct and readable introduction to the main concepts and debates in the field of law and development. They examine the role of legal systems and institutions, investigate perceptions around what laws and legal arrangements encourage and facilitate development, and probe the issues arising in both private law and public law as well as in international economic relations. Written with the insight of two top experts in the field, this Advanced Introduction covers the most recent trends in law and development research and highlights areas that remain underexplored.

scholarly journals O caso Riggs vs. Palmer como um “modelo” adequado para decidir sobre os direitos fundamentais no panorama da constitucionalização do direito no Brasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-346
Author(s):  
Wilson Engelmann ◽  
Raquel Von Hohendorff ◽  
Paulo Júnior Trindade dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
Hermeneutic Phenomenological ◽  
The Will ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Hans Georg Gadamer

Resumo: Este artigo tem como tema a análise do caso Riggs vs. Palmer, famoso por mudar o entendimento das leis sucessórias norte-americanas e que proporcionou o estudo sobre o papel dos princípios no Direito em Ronald Dworkin. Por meio da avaliação do caso concreto busca-se demonstrar as possibilidades e contribuições do “modelo decisório” norte-americano para o sistema jurídico brasileiro, especialmente no relativo ao “direito fundamental a uma decisão judicial estruturada”, constitucionalmente garantido, e não uma decisão que dependa da vontade do magistrado. O método utilizado é o fenomenológico hermenêutico a partir de Hans-Georg Gadamer, em que o pesquisador está relacionado ao objeto de estudo.  Objetiva-se apresentar características do caso Riggs vs. Palmer, estudar o papel dos princípios na construção do movimento de constitucionalização do Direito e do Direito Privado em especial e seus limites, bem como avaliar o papel da dignidade da pessoa humana na estruturação do diálogo entre as fontes do Direito, como um caminho para reposicionar a Constituição para o centro do sistema jurídico, (re)valorizando-se as possibilidades jurídicas do conjunto das fontes do Direito para dar respostas adequadas às características do caso concreto. Ao final, constatam-se evidências de que a constitucionalização do Direito Privado não é a solução para todos os casos, que o Código Civil e outros textos do Direito Privado ainda deverão ser valorizados, e que a aplicação da dignidade da pessoa humana, apesar da sua centralidade na CF de 1988, é a fundamentação para decisões de situações da vida muito diversificadas, aproximando-se da banalização de seu emprego.Palavras-chave: Caso concreto. Decisão. Princípios. Constituição. Dignidade da pessoa humana. Abstract: This article focuses on the analysis of the case Riggs vs. Palmer, renowned for changing the understanding of North American succession laws that provided the study on the role of the principles in law in Ronald Dworkin. Through the evaluation of the case seeks to demonstrate the possibilities and contributions of the “decision-making model” US to the Brazilian Legal System, especially concerning the “fundamental right to a structured judicial decision”, constitutionally guaranteed and not a decision that depends the will of the Magistrate. The method used is the hermeneutic phenomenological from Hans-Georg Gadamer, where the researcher is related to the subject matter. Aims to present case features Riggs vs. Palmer, studying the role of the principles in the construction of constitutionalising movement of law and private law in particular and its limits and to evaluate the role of human dignity in structuring the dialogue between sources of law, as a way to reposition the Constitution to the center of the legal system, (re)valuing the legal scope of the sources of the Law set to give appropriate responses to the specific case characteristics. In the end, exhibit evidence that constitutionalization of Private Law is not the solution for all cases; and the Civil Code and other legal texts of Private Law should still be valued and that the application of human dignity, despite its centrality in the 1988 CF is the basis for the very diversified life situations decisions, approaching the trivialization of their application.Keywords: Case. Decision. Principles. Constitution; Dignity of human person.

scholarly journals Minor Victim Representation in Cases of Crimes Committed by Family Members in Polish Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Kamil Łakomy
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Procedural Rights

<p>The study presents the current legal regulations and problems with the implementation of procedural rights of a minor victim in the case of crimes committed by members of his family in the Polish legal system. The presented issue concerns the necessity to apply provisions contained in various acts, both public and private law. The author discusses the most important judgements of Polish jurisprudence in the indicated scope, emphasizing, however, that many aspects of the discussed issues, of a procedural nature, have still not been regulated. The conclusions include <em>de lege ferenda</em> postulates concerning, i.a., the transfer to the criminal court of the competence to appoint a guardian <em>ad litem</em> for disadvantaged minors.</p>

ELI – Unidroit Model European Rules of Civil Procedure

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Private Law ◽  
European Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Cooperative Project

This volume was developed as part of a cooperative project of the European Law Institute (ELI) and the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), dealing with civil procedure law. The long-term project began in February of 2014 and ended in February of 2020, concluding in an ELI-UNIDROIT Instrument. The volume consists of the ELI-UNIDROIT Instrument on the European Rules of Civil Procedure, which features Rules and accompanying comments. It explores the diverse traditions in Europe concerning civil procedure law and aims to find a common thread in them. Therefore, it not only considers the similarities but also the differences in order to gain a solution that does not favour one legal system but combines aspects of all legal systems.

Rethinking the Role of Law in Russia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Hendley
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This book has investigated whether the existence of telephone law rendered law irrelevant for Russians in their everyday lives. It has shown that Russians are not as nihilistic as usually assumed, but neither are they free of skepticism when it comes to their legal system. Their attitudes and behavior vary depending on the situation. Their primary reservation about using the courts is not concern over telephone law, but dread of the inevitable red tape and emotional turmoil that accompany litigation. This concluding chapter returns to the theoretical dilemma of how we should conceptualize legal systems like that of Russia in which law can—but does not always—matter. In particular, it considers how a dualistic legal system, in which politicized law exists side by side with law that is enforced and obeyed based on its written terms, should be evaluated in terms of the rule of law. It argues that a rethinking of the very concept of the “rule of law” in Russia is needed.

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