PLSR as a new XRD method for downstream processing of ores: – case study: Fe2+ determination in iron ore sinter

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
pp. S78-S83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe König ◽  
Thomas Degen ◽  
Nicholas Norberg
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter

The use of high-speed detectors made X-ray diffraction (XRD) become an important tool for process control in mining and metal industries. Decreasing ore qualities and increasing prices for raw materials require a better control of processed ore and a more efficient use of energy. Traditionally quality control of iron ore sinter has relied on time-consuming wet chemistry. The mineralogical composition that defines the physical properties such as hardness or reducibility is not monitored. XRD analysis in combination with Rietveld quantification and statistical data evaluation using partial least-squares regression (PLSR) has been successfully established to determine the mineralogical composition and the Fe2+ content of iron ore sinter within an analysis time of less than 10 min per sample. A total of 35 iron ore sinter samples were measured and evaluated using PLSR and the Rietveld method. The results were compared with wet chemistry data. PLSR results show accuracy for the Fe2+ content of ±0.14%. No pure phases, crystal structures, or complex modeling of peak shapes are required. The Rietveld method was used to quantify the total phase composition of the samples. The Fe2+ content could be calculated from all phases present. Both methods take the full XRD pattern into account and can be simultaneously applied on the same measurement. PLSR was found to be the more robust method if only Fe2+ results are required. The Rietveld method helps predict other parameters such as the compressional strength of the sinter by monitoring all existing phases (e.g., larnite, C2S, or silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum phases).

scholarly journals Iron-Ore Sintering Process Optimization / Optymalizacja Procesu Aglomeracji Rudy Żelaza

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2895-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fröhlichová ◽  
D. Ivanišin ◽  
A. Mašlejová ◽  
R. Findorák ◽  
J. Legemza
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Iron Ore Sintering ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Iron Ore Concentrate

The work deals with examination of the influence of the ratio between iron ore concentrate and iron ore on quality of produced iron ore sinter. One of the possibilities to increase iron content in sinter is the modification of raw materials ratio, when iron ore materials are added into sintering mixture. If the ratio is in favor of iron ore sinter, iron content in resulting sintering mixture will be lower. If the ratio is in favor of iron ore concentrate and recycled materials, which is more finegrained, a proportion of a fraction under 0.5 mm will increase, charge permeability property will be reduced, sintering band performance will decrease and an occurrence of solid particulate matter in product of sintering process will rise. The sintering mixture permeability can be optimized by increase of fuel content in charge or increase of sinter charge moisture. A change in ratio between concentrate and iron ore has been experimentally studied. An influence of sintering mixture grain size composition, a charge grains shape on quality and phase composition on quality of the produced iron sinter has been studied.

Quality Estimation for the Iron Ore Sinter Obtained via Separate Blend Preparation

2020 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bochka ◽  
Artem Sova ◽  
Lina Kieush ◽  
Oleksandr Hryshyn ◽  
Alisa Dvoiehlazova
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Iron Ore Sintering ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
Iron Ore Sintering Process ◽  
Ore Sintering

This paper reveals that obtaining high-quality sinter, improved or stabilized by its size and strength, is a challenge to be solved by embracing both the formation of sinter with the strong structure and the optimal mineralogical composition of its bonds during the preparation of the sintering blend. The existing technological schemes of iron ore sintering do not allow producing the sinter where the amounts of fines with 0-0.5 mm of fraction would be less than the typical amounts of 8.1-20.4%. Therefore, the study to establish how the blend preparation with the preliminary made composites affects the parameters of iron ore sintering process and the quality of the resulting sinter has been carried out. It has determined that the use of separate pre-granulation has commonly positive effects on the process of blend preparation, namely it significantly decreases the amount of non-granulated fraction of 0-1 mm and increases the equivalent diameter of the granules, reduces the standard deviation and variation coefficient, indicating the more homogeneous granulometric composition of raw granules.

Selected applications of Rietveld-XRD analysis for raw materials of the aluminum industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Feret
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Phase Quantification ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In the last few decades, X-ray diffraction (XRD) systems have been paramount and irreplaceable in controlling bauxite exploration, as well as Bayer and reduction processes. XRD quantitative phase analysis in the aluminum industry witnessed a steady deployment of the Rietveld method, which at present progressively replaces existing methodologies in research and plant laboratories. Rietveld analysis not only helped to surpass traditional XRD calibration methods, it also opened the door for new applications previously not possible. The use of the Rietveld method to characterize selected materials unique to the aluminum industry, such as bauxite, red mud, and alumina is demonstrated and discussed. This paper also presents how synchrotron-based diffractograms obtained for bauxite and red mud samples allowed a much better understanding of mineralogical representation, and made it possible to leverage their Rietveld quantification. Despite clear advantages, the Rietveld method also has limitations that are revealed. For alumina phase quantification, a dedicated Rietveld analytical program was built with structure data for eight alumina mineralogical phases: alpha, beta (β-Al2O3 = Na2O•11Al2O3), delta, gamma (2), kappa, sigma, and theta. The paper gives unique examples of phase quantification in aluminas of various origins and phase composition.

In situX-ray diffraction analysis of iron ore sinter phases

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola V. Y. Scarlett ◽  
Ian C. Madsen ◽  
Mark I. Pownceby ◽  
Axel N. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
Phase Quantification ◽  
Bonding Phase

Owing to the depletion of world lump iron ore stocks, pre-treated agglomerates of fine ores are making up a growing proportion of blast-furnace feedstock (∼80%). These agglomerations, or `sinters', are generally composed of iron oxides, ferrites (most of which are silicoferrites of calcium and aluminium, SFCAs), glasses and dicalcium silicates (C2S). SFCA is the most important bonding phase in iron ore sinter, and its composition, structural type and texture greatly affect its physical properties. Despite its prevalence and importance, the mechanism of SFCA formation is not fully understood.In situpowder X-ray diffraction investigations have been conducted into the formation of SFCA, allowing the study of the mechanism of its formation and the observation of intermediate phases with respect to time and temperature. Studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of changing the substitution levels of aluminium for iron. The use of the Rietveld method for phase quantification gives an indication of the order and comparative rates of phase formation throughout the experiments.

Effect of barite on mineralogical composition and structure of iron ore sinter

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Hessien ◽  
Y. Kashiwaya ◽  
K. Ishii ◽  
M. I. Nasr ◽  
A. A. El-Geassy
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
Composition And Structure

scholarly journals Estimation of application efficiency of “Flumag M” magnesia flux in agglomeration and BF production.

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
V. I. Nosenko ◽  
A. N. Filatov ◽  
G. A. Nechkin ◽  
V. A. Kobelev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Sinter Production ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
Magnesia Content ◽  
Bof Slag ◽  
Bf Slag

To decrease viscosity of BF slag and improve its desulfurization ability during hot metal production a magnesia oxide is used, which is introduced into a blast furnace, as a rule, within iron ore sinter, as well as in the form of a fluxing additive. Dolomite, sometimes iron ore materials with increased magnesia content (for example, Kovdor concentrate, raw or roasted Bakal siderite) as well as magnesia-contained wastes, most often BOF slag, are usually used as a main source of magnesia oxide during iron ore sinter production. Brucite, which is widely used abroad, mainly in Japan during iron ore sinter production, is a very prospective magnesia flux. However, brucite was never used in sinter production in Russia. Main parameters and efficiency of its application were obtained under Japan raw materials conditions. However sinter chemical and mineral compositions at Russian and Japanese sinter plants considerably differ. In this connection studies on influence of the magnesia flux “Flumag M”, which is identical by its composition to brucite, on the process parameters of sinter burden sintering and pellets production were carried out. The estimation of application efficiency of “Flumag M” magnesia flux was made during typical sintering of NLMK sinter burden. It was determined, that partial and complete substitution of dolomite by the “Flumag M” magnesia flux in the NLMK sinter burden results in an increase of specific productivity of sintering process by 10–20% (comparative) and the sinter strength by 3–5% (comparative) correspondently. Laboratory experiments on “Flumag M” magnesia flux application, carried out in STI NITU “MISiS”, showed, that raw pellets with magnesia flux additives have higher compressive strength comparing with the pellets having dolomite additives. Impact strength and abrasion strength of roasted pellets is higher, comparing with those with dolomite. Optimal content of “Flumag M” flux in the pellets burden is 2%. The application of “Flumag M” magnesia flux enables to remove burden from the burden and increase strength of roasted pellets.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of alkaline metals, aluminum, magnesium and cobalt distribution among minerals in iron ore sinter made of oxidized ferruginous quartzites concentrates

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Bersenev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Alkaline Metals ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Ferruginous Quartzites ◽  
Iron Ore Concentrate

The aim of the work was to study the peculiarities and mechanism of migration of the components during the sintering of the oxidized ferruginous quartzites concentrates. As a result, it was determined thatthe silicate vitreous bond (B2= 0,9–1,1; FeO = 17–23 %; SiO2= 35–40 %) concentrates alkaline metals in its structure, MgO = 0,3–6,0 %, Al2O3= 0,2–7,2 %. It was formed at the basis of silicate minerals of the concentrate waste rock. Ore phases contain as an isomorphic impurity MgO (up to 3.0 %), Al2O3(up to 1.0 %), CoO (up to 0.43 %). The flux and iron-containing components of the original raw materials were the sources of magnesium and aluminum, the iron ore concentrate, in which cobalt is a part of magnetite as an isomorphic admixture was the source of cobalt. Fundamental differences in the distribution of elements between the ore phases in the agglomeration of oxidized ferruginous quartzites and non-oxidized (magnetite) were absent, due to the comparable composition of the waste rock and the mechanism of formation and crystallization of the melt.

scholarly journals DEM Simulation of Collapse Phenomena of Packed Bed of Raw Materials for Iron Ore Sinter during Charging

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Ishihara ◽  
Rikio Soda ◽  
Qiwu Zhang ◽  
Junya Kano
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Dem Simulation ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter
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