Optimization of Weed Management Systems: The Role of Ecological Models of Interplant Competition

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 462-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kropff ◽  
L.A.P. Lotz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Interplant Competition

The strategy to optimize weed management systems with a minimum use of herbicides includes both the adaptation of crop management practices and well designed decision making systems, based on postemergence observations of weed infestations. Both strategies require thorough quantitative insight into the crop weed ecosystem, which can be provided by systems analysis, using process based models. These models also can be applied to similar systems like intercropping. For practical application, however, a simple measure of weed infestation and a simple model which relates weed infestation to yield loss are required. Recent progress in model development is discussed. An alternative empirical model that predicts yield loss from the relative leaf area of the weeds shortly after crop emergence, seems to be a useful approach for prediction of yield loss shortly after crop emergence. The use of systems approaches at different levels of detail for bridging the gap between research and practical application is discussed.

Influence of Weed Management Practices and Crop Rotation on Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Population Dynamics and Crop Yield-Years III and IV

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Till

Horseweed is an increasingly common and problematic weed in no-till soybean production in the eastern cornbelt due to the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of crop rotation, winter wheat cover crops (WWCC), residual non-glyphosate herbicides, and preplant application timing on the population dynamics of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and crop yield. A field study was conducted from 2003 to 2007 in a no-till field located at a site that contained a moderate infestation of GR horseweed (approximately 1 plant m−2). The experiment was a split-plot design with crop rotation (soybean–corn or soybean–soybean) as main plots and management systems as subplots. Management systems were evaluated by quantifying in-field horseweed plant density, seedbank density, and crop yield. Horseweed densities were collected at the time of postemergence applications, 1 mo after postemergence (MAP) applications, and at the time of crop harvest or 4 MAP. Viable seedbank densities were also evaluated from soil samples collected in the fall following seed rain. Soybean–corn crop rotation reduced in-field and seedbank horseweed densities vs. continuous soybean in the third and fourth yr of this experiment. Preplant herbicides applied in the spring were more effective at reducing horseweed plant densities than when applied in the previous fall. Spring-applied, residual herbicide systems were the most effective at reducing season-long in-field horseweed densities and protecting crop yields since the growth habit of horseweed in this region is primarily as a summer annual. Management systems also influenced the GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype population structure after 4 yr of management. The most dramatic shift was from the initial GR : GS ratio of 3 : 1 to a ratio of 1 : 6 after 4 yr of residual preplant herbicide use followed by non-glyphosate postemergence herbicides.

Residual Effect of Weed Management Practices Executed in Preceding Maize on Succeeding Greengram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sandhya Rani ◽  
V. Chandrika ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
K.V. Nagamadhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Infestation

Background: Maize followed by summer pulses is the emerging cropping system in many places in India. Herbicides are the efficient tools for checking weed infestation and their usage is increasing throughout the globe due to increased labour cost and quick weed control. Some herbicides do not degrade quickly and may remain in the soil for weeks, months or years after application and may inhibit the growth of succeeding crops. Methods: Field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) during rabi and summer seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to know the residual effect of different herbicides applied in maize on succeeding greengram. Result: The present study revealed that lower density and dry weight of total weeds and higher yield attributes and yield was recorded with the practice of adopting two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS, which was however, at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb one HW at 30 DAS, atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE and atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE, without any significant disparity among them. Herbicides applied in maize did not alter statistically the enzyme activity and microbial count in the soil at harvest of succeeding greeengram. 

Influence of Weed Management Practices and Crop Rotation on Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed Population Dynamics and Crop Yield

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Rapid Decline

Horseweed is an increasingly problematic weed in soybean because of the frequent occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of crop rotation, winter wheat cover crops (WWCC), residual nonglyphosate herbicides, and preplant herbicide application timing on the population dynamics of GR horseweed and crop yield. A field study was conducted at a site with a moderate infestation of GR horseweed (approximately 1 plant m−2) with crop rotation (soybean–corn or soybean–soybean) as main plots and management systems as subplots. Management systems were evaluated by quantifying horseweed plant density, seedbank density, and crop yield. Crop rotation did not influence in-field horseweed or seedbank densities at any data census timing. Preplant herbicides applied in the spring were more effective at reducing horseweed plant densities than when applied in the previous fall. Spring-applied, residual herbicide systems were the most effective at reducing season long horseweed densities and protecting crop yield because horseweed in this region behaves primarily as a summer annual weed. Horseweed seedbank densities declined rapidly in the soil by an average of 76% for all systems over the first 10 mo before new seed rain. Despite rapid decline in total seedbank density, seed for GR biotypes remained in the seedbank for at least 2 yr. Therefore, to reduce the presence of GR horseweed biotypes in a local no-till weed flora, integrated weed management (IWM) systems should be developed to reduce total horseweed populations based on the knowledge that seed for GR biotypes are as persistent in the seed bank as glyphosate-sensitive (GS) biotypes.

Influence of weed management practices on weed infestation and productivity of fennel

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Rajender Kumar ◽  
Amandeep Singh Brar ◽  
Tarundeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Weed Infestation

scholarly journals 'n Evaluering van personeelbestuurseffektiwiteit in agt boerdery-ondememingstipes in die RSA landbou

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
L. K. Oosthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Management ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Communication Work ◽  
The One ◽  
Management Audit

The aim with this study was firstly to determine the degree of discrepancy between the work experiences and work preferences of staff, on the one hand, and the prediction of the farmer in this regard on the other; and secondly, to analyse farmers' perceptions on efficient and inefficient personnel management practices. A Likert-type personnel management audit (PMA) was implemented in eight types of farming with 234 workers and eight farmers. In general, the effectiveness of the motivation, communication, work performance, staff control and leadership systems leaves room for improvement. The knowledge of the farmers in the case-studies as regards efficient and inefficient staff management systems can be improved considerably, especially their perceptions on the role of training in worker productivity and work satisfaction. With the necessary knowledge of management, the farmers can manipulate the human relations practices effectively. It ought to be determined to what degree consultative management systems are used on farms, while the staff members prefer participative personnel management practices.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Corn

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Gregory E. MacDonald ◽  
Pratap Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Good Management

Successful weed control is essential for economical corn production in Florida. Weeds reduce corn yields by competing for moisture, nutrients, and light during the growing season and interfere with harvest. Producing a good corn crop is only half the battle and will not be profitable unless the corn can be harvested. Late-season weeds can result in excessive yield loss, inefficient equipment operation, and provide a source of weed seed for the following season. Weeds can be controlled in corn; however, this involves good management practices in all phases of corn production.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wg007

Significance of Atrazine in Sweet Corn Weed Management Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Williams ◽  
Chris M. Boerboom ◽  
Tom L. Rabaey
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Corn Fields ◽  
Production Areas

Weed management systems used by sweet corn growers, including the role of atrazine, are poorly characterized. Management records of 175 fields throughout the major sweet corn production areas of the Midwest were surveyed from 2005 to 2007. Seventy-four percent of sweet corn fields in the Midwest were grown in rotation with soybean or corn. Interrow cultivation was used on 48% of fields, and atrazine use was higher in those fields without interrow cultivation. A majority of fields (54%) received both PRE and POST herbicide applications. Mesotrione was applied below the registered use rate in two-thirds of the fields in which it was used POST. Atrazine rates in sweet corn were highest when the preceding crops were other vegetables, compared to preceding crops of soybean or corn. Selective herbicides are used extensively in U.S. sweet corn production, accounting for 94% of total weed management expenditures which average $123/ha. Growers treated 66% of fields with one or more applications of atrazine at an average total use rate of 1.35 kg ai/ha. The estimated annual net cost to replace atrazine in U.S. sweet corn production with the broad spectrum broadleaf herbicide, mesotrione, is $9.2 million.

scholarly journals INTEGRAÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS PARA O MANEJO DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DO MILHO

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio BALBINOT JUNIOR ◽  
Gilcimar Adriano VOGT ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell TREZZI
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Narrow Row

As práticas de manejo do solo e de culturas podem afetar diretamente a infestação de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da integração de práticas culturais e químicas na infestação de plantas daninhas e na produtividade da cultura do milho. Foi conduzido um experimento em Papanduva, SC, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas foram avaliados dois sistemas de manejo cultural de plantas daninhas: S1 (cultivo de consórcio de espécies para cobertura do solo no inverno, uso de sementes de milho com elevada massa e espaçamento entre fileiras de 0,45 m) e S2 (pousio no inverno, uso de sementes de milho com baixa massa e espaçamento entre fileiras de 0,90 m). Nas subparcelas foram avaliadas quatro estratégias de controle de plantas daninhas no milho (sem controle, atrazine, atrazine+mesotrione e capina). Avaliaram-se a quantidade de palha no momento da semeadura do milho, a velocidade de decomposição da palha, a densidade e a massa seca da parte aérea de plantas daninhas e o desempenho da cultura de milho. O uso de práticas culturais para o manejo de plantas daninhas promoveu redução da infestação dessas plantas na cultura de milho, além de aumentar a produtividade da cultura. A aplicação de atrazine + mesotrione proporcionou melhor controle de plantas daninhas e maior produtividade de grãos em relação à aplicação isolada de atrazine. ABSTRACT Soil and crop management can affect the weed population in corn. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cultural and chemical management practices on weed infestation and corn yield. The experiment was carried out in Papanduva, SC, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks with three replications in a split-plot arrangement. In plots were evaluated two cultural weed management systems: S1 (multicropping of winter cover crops, corn seeds with high weight and narrow row of 0.45 m) and S2 (winter fallow, corn seeds with low weight and narrow row of 0.90 m). In subplots were evaluated four weed control strategies (no-control, atrazine, atrazine + mesotrione and weeding). The parameters evaluated were the straw quantity, residue decomposition, weed plant density and shoot dry mass and corn performance. The use of cultural weed management practices reduced the weed infestation on corn and improved the crop yield. The association of atrazine + mesotrione herbicides showed more efficient weed control than atrazine.

scholarly journals The Role of National Farmers Helps Line in Agricultural Information Dissemination Among Crop Farmers in Nigeria: A Case Study of Farmers Help Line Centre, NAERLS ABU Zaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bawuro Bashir ◽  
Ali Goni Adam ◽  
Jamila Abdulkadir Abubakar ◽  
Aliyu Umar Faruk ◽  
Halimat Suraj Garuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Line Centre ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Help Line

The study examined the role of national farmers helpline in agricultural information dissemination among crop farmers in Nigeria, with the specific objectives to identify the various sources of information on agricultural practices available to the farmers and identify the various information disseminated to the farmers from the National Farmers Helpline. One Thousand farmers were randomly selected from the farmers who frequently call the Helpline Centre from the database of NAERLS across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria; to source the required information. Some of the crop farmers were contacted through phone calls, SMS, and social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp while some were through administration of questionnaires and face to face discussion. Data sourced were subjected to descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and percentage for analysis and were presented in tables and charts. The findings reveal that the Farmers Help Line Centre, NEARLS supply farmers around the country with all the necessary information on cultural practices, access to improved seed varieties, fertilizer and application, pest and disease management practices, weed management practices, marketing strategies, post-harvest activities, management of farm tools and machineries and also information on Government policies on agriculture. It is recommended that stakeholders of National Farmers Help Line ensure the sustainability of its services by including other Nigerian languages to have a larger coverage and not limiting spoken languages to only the major Nigerian languages (English, Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo and Nigerian pidgin); and also extend their services to West African countries and other parts of the globe at large. Key words: Agriculture, information, dissemination and crop farmers

Spring Wheat, Canola, and Sunflower Response to Persian Darnel (Lolium persicum) Interference

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathon D. Holman ◽  
Alvin J. Bussan ◽  
Bruce D. Maxwell ◽  
Perry R. Miller ◽  
James A. Mickelson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Branches

Integrated weed management practices, such as crop rotation and increased seeding rates, potentially improve weed management. Yet, few studies compare competitive interactions of weeds with different crops. This research quantified the impact of Persian darnel on spring wheat, canola, and sunflower yield across different seeding rates. Increasing crop density increased yield when Persian darnel affected crop yield early in physiological development. Crop yield loss was estimated to reach 83, 70, and 57% for spring wheat, canola, and sunflower, respectively, at high Persian darnel densities. Persian darnel reduced spring wheat yield by limiting the number of tillers per plant and seed per tiller; reduced canola yield by limiting the number of branches per plant, pods per branch, and seed per pod; and reduced sunflower yield by limiting the number of seed per plant. Persian darnel affected crop growth early in physiological development, indicating that interspecific interference occurred early in the growing season. Cultural and resource management aimed at reducing Persian darnel impact on resource availability and crop yield components will reduce Persian darnel impact on crop yield.

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