PUBLIC RELATIONS EXPERTS' USES OF THE NEW MEDIA IN THEIR COMMUNICATION WORK

Contemporary technologies have made qualitative leaps for human life in the field of information, digitization and communication. The social networks produced by the new media are characterized by several features that cast a shadow and imposed their impact on human communication with its modern means, the most important of which are interactive, non-public, asynchronous, prevalence and spread. This study aimed to evaluate the experts' use of the new media in their communication work. Furthermore, it sought to identify the most important gratifications obtained by the experts' use of this new form of media.

Getting the Message: Development Communication Strategies in the Kingdom of Tonga

<p>All development initiatives comprise a communications component, whether a public notice in the local newspaper, community meetings or a mass media public awareness campaign. But communication within development involves more than simply informing recipient populations of initiatives, events and targets. Communication is central to eliciting buy-in and creating a sense of community ownership; it is integral to maintaining public trust through the transparency and accountability it encourages; and, most importantly, it allows target populations to have their say in development initiatives that impact on their lives. Different countries, cultures and socio-political conditions will suit different communication types. Determining factors include, literacy rates, geographic distance, telecommunications infrastructure, religion, culture and politics. This thesis examines the communication strategies deployed by NGOs working in the Kingdom of Tonga. These strategies are analysed in the context of wider political, cultural and mass media conditions, with particular reference to the state of Tonga’s news media. In-country research for this thesis was conducted at the culmination of a tumultuous period for the Pacific’s only Constitutional Monarchy. Tonga has experienced rapid socio-political changes in recent decades with an increasingly dependent economy, growing challenges to traditional institutions and the crowning of a new King in 2006. In November 2010, the nation elected the first Parliament in 135 years to give commoners, rather than nobles, the majority in the Legislative Assembly. The General Election was conducted under an amended constitution, and was the first since riots destroyed much of the capital of Nuku’alofa four years earlier. With these events as a backdrop, this research asks what forms of communication work best in Tonga? Are these as effective on the relatively developed main island of Tongatapu as remote, outer islands? And what role does mainstream media play in keeping the population informed of development issues?</p>

Getting the Message: Development Communication Strategies in the Kingdom of Tonga

<p>All development initiatives comprise a communications component, whether a public notice in the local newspaper, community meetings or a mass media public awareness campaign. But communication within development involves more than simply informing recipient populations of initiatives, events and targets. Communication is central to eliciting buy-in and creating a sense of community ownership; it is integral to maintaining public trust through the transparency and accountability it encourages; and, most importantly, it allows target populations to have their say in development initiatives that impact on their lives. Different countries, cultures and socio-political conditions will suit different communication types. Determining factors include, literacy rates, geographic distance, telecommunications infrastructure, religion, culture and politics. This thesis examines the communication strategies deployed by NGOs working in the Kingdom of Tonga. These strategies are analysed in the context of wider political, cultural and mass media conditions, with particular reference to the state of Tonga’s news media. In-country research for this thesis was conducted at the culmination of a tumultuous period for the Pacific’s only Constitutional Monarchy. Tonga has experienced rapid socio-political changes in recent decades with an increasingly dependent economy, growing challenges to traditional institutions and the crowning of a new King in 2006. In November 2010, the nation elected the first Parliament in 135 years to give commoners, rather than nobles, the majority in the Legislative Assembly. The General Election was conducted under an amended constitution, and was the first since riots destroyed much of the capital of Nuku’alofa four years earlier. With these events as a backdrop, this research asks what forms of communication work best in Tonga? Are these as effective on the relatively developed main island of Tongatapu as remote, outer islands? And what role does mainstream media play in keeping the population informed of development issues?</p>

THE DESTINY OF VISUALIZATIONS IN PUBLIC SCIENCE COMMUNICATION: BETWEEN ACTION AND REPRESENTATION

Научные визуализации рассматриваются в трех контекстах. Первый контекст – визуального поворота, в ходе которого подчеркивается внимание к двойственной роли образов в общественных взаимодействиях: как представлений и как действующих агентов. Второй контекст – кризиса научных репрезентаций, выходом из которого оказывается внимание к научным визуализациям, связывающим, благодаря своему чувственному характеру, теорию и реальность. Третий контекст – публичной научной коммуникации, в которой визуализации активно действуют, изменяя отношения между общественными субъектами, а также репрезентируют важную научную информацию. На переходе от второго контекста к третьему формируется интересующая автора коллизия судьбы научных визуализаций, которые в публичной научной коммуникации оказываются одновременно и научными, и политическими объектами, представляющими научные исследования и включающимися в процессы принятия общественно значимых решений. В профессиональной научной коммуникации двусмысленный характер научных визуализаций оказывается конструктивным. Они существуют одновременно и как представления, отсылающие к реальности, и как действия, собирающие в единство научное сообщество. Однако в публичной научной коммуникации сборка сообщества посредством научных визуализаций оказывается не менее значимой, но более проблематичной, поскольку интересы участвующих во взаимодействии субъектов различны, соответственно, утрачивается возможность однозначного восприятия визуализаций. Тем не менее визуализации в публичной научной коммуникации действуют достаточно эффективно, способствуя распространению научной грамотности в процессах популяризации, вовлечению граждан в управление и принятие политически значимых решений. При этом возникают условия, препятствующие удержанию конструктивной двусмысленности визуализаций. В качестве таких условий в статье рассматриваются цифровые посредники коммуникации, усиливающие действенный характер визуализаций, а также неопределенность как предмет познания современной науки «пост-нормальной эпохи», который сложно репрезентировать посредством образов. В итоге возникает ситуация уклонения к признанию действенности визуализации в ущерб ее репрезентативной функции и, как следствие, принесения научной объективной стороны визуализаций в жертву их политической и даже идеологической составляющей. В заключение автор предлагает выход из этой ситуации, способствующий удержанию необходимой двойственности визуализаций в публичной научной коммуникации. The article discusses scientific visualizations in three contexts. The context of the visual turn emphasizes attention to the ambiguous character of images in social interactions – as representations and as agents. The context of the crisis of scientific representations concerns scientific visualizations, which are the way out of it due to their linking of theory and reality. The context of public science communication demonstrates visualizations as activity changing the relationship between public actors and as representation of important scientific information. In the transition from the second context to the third, the author finds the collision of the destiny of scientific visualizations. Visualizations in public science communication turn out to be both scientific and political objects that represent scientific research and take part in the processes of decision-making. In professional science communication, the ambiguous nature of scientific visualizations turns out to be constructive. Scientific visualizations exist simultaneously as representations referring to reality and as actions that bring together the scientific community. However, in public science communication, the assembly of a community through scientific visualizations turns out to be no less significant, but more problematic since the interests of the subjects participating in the interaction are different. Nevertheless, visualizations in public science communication work quite effectively, contributing to the dissemination of scientific literacy in the popularization and to the involvement of citizens in decision-making. In this case, conditions arise that prevent the retention of the constructive ambiguity of visualizations. As such conditions, the author examines the emerging digital mediators of communication that enhance the activities of visualizations, as well as uncertainty as a subject of “post-normal” science, which is difficult to represent through images. In conclusion, the author proposes a way out of this situation, contributing to the retention of the necessary ambiguity of visualizations in public science communication.

Türkiye’de Siyasal İletişimin Gelişim Süreci

In our age, new media provides the opportunity to reach much wider masses and segments in proportion to traditional media tools and equipment. Thanks to this opportunity, the dijital, which is accepted as the most important invention of the new media understanding, is used for many different purposes such as politics, entertainment, communication, commerce and education. Recently, the dijital has been used extensively for political communication, especially by political parties in terms of political election campaigns and initiatives. The dijital environment appears as an important medium that enables political parties and groups to meet and communicate with their stakeholders. For this reason, the communication work of political parties on the dijital should continue in a stable and determined manner in the process other than the election campaigns. Here, it is aimed to reveal how politically effective the political participation and communication processes of political parties and groups are with the opportunities provided by the new media patterned dijital. Within the framework of the study, the conceptual structure of political communication and the new media patterned dijital process were examined, and the purposeful status of their use by political parties was tried to be explained. Key Words: New Media Political Parties Political Communications.

Examining Press Conference and Press Release Accounts of Canadian Police Shootings

Little research examines the communication work that public police do following police shootings. Based on an analysis of 85 press releases, press conferences, and media interviews after police shootings in Canada spanning 2010–2020, we analyse narrative techniques used in police communications. Contributing to literature on police image management, we examine patterns in these communications, and we also identify silences and absences. We argue police press conferences and press releases after police shootings are less oriented toward misinformation or agenda-setting and more toward risk aversion. Sixty-two percent of communications in our sample used “euphemisms,” which obfuscate elements of use of force, while 31% of communications were “silent” and provided no justification for or information on the shootings. For these reasons, these communications may contribute to a sense of injustice felt by families of the victims of police shootings. Our findings may give pause to police administrators and media liaison officers who should consider what message such risk-averse communications send to families of victims, as well as to the public. In conclusion, we reflect on what these findings mean for literature on police image management.

Languange function found in mulan movie

The data source was taken from conversation among the characters in Mulan movie. The data was collected by using observation method based on library research. There were some steps in collecting the data. The qualitative method was the method that was used in analysing the data in this study. The conversation among the characters analysed in the category types of language function that was according to the book written by Blundell (1987) entitled Function in English. The data was presented by the formal method which presented the language function. The research finding showed that there are four type of Language Function: main function, social formula, making communication work and finding out about language. Based on the data, there are 33 data for main function, 15 data for social formulas and 2 data for making communication work. The study concluded that the most used language function was main function and the least used language function was finding out about language

No one left behind: risk communication to the street vendors during COVID-19 social distancing

PurposeCOVID-19 presents a serious and unprecedented challenge around the globe. Street vendors are the most vulnerable group during this pandemic regarding livelihood loss and contagion risk. This research aims to examine the roles of risk communication work in enhancing COVID-19 risk perceptions and adoption of COVID-19 preventive behaviors among street vendors.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from the street vendors in urban Vietnam. A binary probit model was used for analyzing the relationships among exposure to risk communication, risk perception and adoption of preventive behaviors.FindingsThe analysis reveals the outreach of risk communication work to the street vendors. A rather large proportion of the respondents perceive high risks associated with COVID-19. All respondents adopt COVID-19 preventive behaviors; however, the proportion of regular adoption is moderate and even very low for most behaviors. Their frequent exposure to risk communication significantly raises their risk perceptions and encourages their regular adoption of preventive behaviors, particularly regarding the measures that are affordable and less detrimental to their livelihood.Originality/valueThis research is among the first attempts to examine exposure to risk communication to the vulnerable group, how they perceive risks and the extent to which they adopt preventive behaviors during a public health crisis. This research draws some implications for risk communication and social welfare policies to obtain sustainable development goals.

The Analysis of Factors of the Vice President Secretariat Organization's Performance in Supporting the Vice President

The implementation of the Vice President's broad and dynamic duties must of course be supported by good performance tools. As the Vice President's first support system, the position of the Vice President's Secretariat (Setwapres) was very strategic to improve organizational performance. The purpose of the study was to analyze the performance factors of the Vice President Secretariat in providing support to the Vice President from the perspective of the McKinsey 7S Framework. This research was a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The study used primary data and secondary data. Primary data sources using the interview method. Secondary data sources using relevant document data search. All data were presented descriptively and analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study indicated that the supporting factors were (1) a structure where there was a clear division of tasks and functions as well as good coordination; (2) a style in which democratic leadership made communication work well with direct involvement of the leadership in carrying out tasks; (3) the existence of shared values accompanied by internalization and strengthening activities. The inhibiting factors were: (1) a strategy in which several activity programs were not in accordance with the Vice President's priority program; (2) a system where the implementation of SOPs was not entirely appropriate; (3) staff where the placement was not in accordance with the educational background; (4) skills that had not been supported by appropriate training.