An Industry Perspective on Herbicide-Tolerant Crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Giaquinta
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

Technology is now available to create herbicide-tolerant crops. This technology, when combined with environmentally and toxicologically sound herbicides and when used wisely in an integrated weed management program, can contribute positively to crop production. However, it is unlikely that herbicide-tolerant crops will revolutionize weed management. Instead, they will complement existing weed management practices and provide additional options to growers. Adoption and success of herbicide-tolerant crops will be dependent on several technical, environmental, business, economic, and societal issues. Industries that are developing herbicide-tolerant crops need to openly communicate and discuss both the value that their technology brings to agriculture and society and the strategies for ensuring its responsible use.

Weed management practices in Argentina crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Alejandro Scursoni ◽  
Alejandra Carolina Duarte Vera ◽  
Fernando Hugo Oreja ◽  
Betina Claudia Kruk ◽  
Elba Beatriz de la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
The People ◽  
Herbicide Timing ◽  
Narrow Row

AbstractData from surveys are used to help quantitatively diagnose the relative importance of chemical and nonchemical management practices, identify weed problems, and provide potential solutions. However, to our knowledge, such surveys have not been conducted in Argentina. In 2016, advisors and crop producers from cropping areas across Argentina were surveyed through email with the objectives to identify the main weed species problems and assess the use of chemical and nonchemical weed management practices in different crop production areas in Argentina. Fleabane, pigweed, johnsongrass, fingergrass, goosegrass, barnyardgrass, and ryegrass were considered the most important weeds. More than 53% of the producers used only chemical options; 86% used chemical fallow (i.e., keeping weed free with chemical application); 62% used full herbicide rates; 46% used proper herbicide timing; 41% used multiple modes of action; and 32% used rotation of herbicide modes of action. The main nonchemical practices used were crop rotation (45%); avoiding seed production during (31%) and after (25%) the crop cycle; narrow row spacing (19%); and cultivars with greater competitive ability (18%). Less than 15% of the people surveyed used increased crop densities or altered date of sowing. There is a high dependence on chemical control in the main crops grown in Argentina. Extension efforts are needed to emphasize the importance of integrated weed management.

scholarly journals Recent Weed Control, Weed Management, and Integrated Weed Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
John T. O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Research Activity

Integrated weed management (IWM) can be defined as a holistic approach to weed management that integrates different methods of weed control to provide the crop with an advantage over weeds. It is practiced globally at varying levels of adoption from farm to farm. IWM has the potential to restrict weed populations to manageable levels, reduce the environmental impact of individual weed management practices, increase cropping system sustainability, and reduce selection pressure for weed resistance to herbicides. There is some debate as to whether simple herbicidal weed control programs have now shifted to more diverse IWM cropping systems. Given the rapid evolution and spread of herbicide-resistant weeds and their negative consequences, one might predict that IWM research would currently be a prominent activity among weed scientists. Here we examine the level of research activity dedicated to weed control techniques and the assemblage of IWM techniques in cropping systems as evidenced by scientific paper publications from 1995 to June 1, 2012. Authors from the United States have published more weed and IWM-related articles than authors from any other country. When IWM articles were weighted as a proportion of country population, arable land, or crop production, authors from Switzerland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada were most prominent. Considerable evidence exists that research on nonherbicidal weed management strategies as well as strategies that integrate other weed management systems with herbicide use has increased. However, articles published on chemical control still eclipse any other weed management method. The latter emphasis continues to retard the development of weed science as a balanced discipline.

scholarly journals Integrated weed management practices and sustainable food production among farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame ◽  
Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda ◽  
Olayinka Jelili Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Abstract A survey was conducted in the Kwara State of Nigeria to study the integrated weed management (IWM) practices by farmers. This was in view of the poor weed management practices adopted by farmers, which is a major factor responsible for low yields of many arable crops in Kwara State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 480 respondents, and a structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from them. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Factor analysis was also carried out to examine the perception of farmers’ benefits of IWM. Results showed that the majority of farmers (29.4%) were youths, married (89.1%), and involved in medium-scale farming (47.2%). Furthermore, 50.8% of the farmers had primary or secondary education. Although farmers use different weed control methods, more than half of them (54.7%) use herbicides. Most farmers (92.6%) are engaged in the use of IWM, However, 73.5% of them use a combination of herbicides and hoe weeding. Although not properly practiced, farmers perceived IWM as having socio-environmental (29.229%) and techno-efficacious (23.495%) benefits over either hoe weeding or herbicides used alone. The findings suggest a need to train farmers on all aspects of IWM to achieve self-sufficiency in food production in Kwara State.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice (Oryza sativa L.) to glyphosate and glufosinate

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1557-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Vestena Cassol ◽  
Luis Antonio de Avila ◽  
Carla Rejane Zemolin ◽  
Andrey Piveta ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides

<p>Dose-response experiments were carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice to nonselective herbicides currently used in rice-soybean rotation in Rio Grande do Sul. Two red rice biotypes previously identified as resistant and susceptible to the imidazolinone herbicides were treated with imazapic plus imazapic, glyphosate and glufosinate under nine herbicide rates. A non-linear log-logistic analysis was used to estimate the herbicide rate that provided 50% red rice control and dry weight reduction (GR<sub>50</sub>). Imidazolinone-resistant red rice exhibited greater GR<sub>50</sub> values than imidazolinone-susceptible biotype for imazapyr plus imazapic. In contrast, both imidazolinone-resistant and susceptible red rice showed similar GR<sub>50</sub>values for glyphosate and glufosinate. These results indicate that glyphosate and glufosinate effectively control imidazolinone-resistant red rice at similar herbicide rates used to control imidazolinone-susceptible; however, integrated weed management practices must be adopted in rice-soybean rotation to delay resistance evolution of red rice populations to glyphosate and glufosinate</p>

Evaluation of integrated weed management practices for chilies in Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood Khokhar ◽  
Tariq Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management

Herbicide Timing and Rate Effects on Weed Management in Three Herbicide-Resistant Canola Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Herbicide Timing ◽  
Weed Removal

Herbicide-resistant canola dominates the canola market in Canada. A multiyear field experiment was conducted at three locations to investigate the effect of time of weed removal (two-, four-, or six-leaf canola) and herbicide rate (50 or 100% recommended) in three herbicide-resistant canola systems. Weeds were controlled in glufosinate-resistant canola (GLU) with glufosinate, in glyphosate-resistant canola (GLY) with glyphosate, and in imidazolinone-resistant canola (IMI) with a 50:50 mixture of imazamox and imazethapyr. Canola yields were similar among the three canola cultivar–herbicide systems. Yields were not influenced by 50 vs. 100% herbicide rates. Timing of weed removal had the greatest effect on canola yield, with weed removal at the four-leaf stage giving the highest yields in most cases. Percent dockage was often greater for GLU and IMI than for GLY. In comparison with the other treatments, dockage levels doubled for GLU after application at 50% herbicide rates. The consistency of monocot weed control was usually greater for GLY than for GLU or IMI systems. However, weed biomass data revealed no differences in dicot weed control consistency between IMI and GLY systems. Greater dockage and weed biomass variability after weed removal at the six-leaf stage or after low herbicide rates suggests higher weed seed production, which could constrain the adoption of integrated weed management practices in subsequent years.

Seeding rate and row spacing affect flax yields and weed interference

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Stevenson ◽  
A. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Interference Study

Seeding rate and row spacing are management practices that affect flax seed yield. Two experiments were conducted from 1988 to 1990 to determine the influence of flax seeding rates (300, 600, and 900 seeds m−2) and row spacings (9, 18, and 27 cm). One was a flax-weed interference study (three sites) and the other was a weed-free study (13 sites). In the presence of weeds, increasing seeding rate from 300 to 900 seeds m−2 improved flax seed yield by 180 kg ha−1, and reduced broadleaf weed yields by 300 kg ha−1 and grassy weed yields by 180 kg ha−1. In weed-free conditions, seed yield was not affected by seeding rate. Row spacing did not affect flax yield and had minor effects on weed yields when weeds were not controlled. When weeds were controlled, seed yield in the 9-cm row spacing was 9% (15% in the flax-weed interference study) greater than in the two wider row spacings. Seeding rate and row spacing independently influenced flax yield, and their effect was consistent among sites with weeds present, but was not consistent when weeds were controlled. Our results showed that flax seeding rate was an important component of integrated weed management. Key words: Flax, seeding rate, row spacing, weed interference

scholarly journals Weed Management in Cranberries: A Historical Perspective and a Look to the Future

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact

Integrated weed management (IWM) has been part of cranberry cultivation since its inception in the early 19th century. Proper site and cultivar selection, good drainage, rapid vine establishment, and hand weeding are as important now for successful weed management as when the industry first started. In 1940, Extension publications listed eight herbicides (e.g., petroleum-based products, inorganic salts and sulfates) for weed control. Currently, 18 herbicides representing 11 different modes of action are registered for use on cranberries. Nonchemical methods, such as hand weeding, sanding, flooding, and proper fertilization, remain integral for managing weed populations; new tactics such as flame cultivation have been added to the toolbox. Priority ratings have been developed to aid in weed management planning. Despite many efforts, biological control of weeds remains elusive on the commercial scale. Evaluation of new herbicides, unmanned aerial systems (UAS), image analysis, and precision agriculture technology; investigation of other management practices for weeds and their natural enemies; utilization of computational decision making and Big Data; and determination of the impact of climate change are research areas whose results will translate into new use recommendations for the weed control of cranberry.

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