Traditional Interference Experiments vs. Method Comparison Interference Experiments

Two papers have appeared evaluating interferences in glucose meters. These studies are method comparisons with the added information of the medication(s) taken by the subjects. This paper contrasts a traditional interference study with the method comparison protocols. Unlike the advice in CLSI EP7, a substance that interferes should be reported even if the level of interference is clinically acceptable. The evidence of no clinically important interference in the method comparison protocol is very weak, and there is no possibility to detect statistically significant interferences. I provide an example where vitamin C at a therapeutic level was within clinical error limits, but when the concentration was at levels used to treat cancer, there was bias well above clinically acceptable limits.

Cross-cultural asymmetries in oculomotor interference elicited by gaze distractors belonging to Asian and White faces

The averted gaze of others triggers reflexive attentional orienting in the corresponding direction. This phenomenon can be modulated by many social factors. Here, we used an eye-tracking technique to investigate the role of ethnic membership in a cross-cultural oculomotor interference study. Chinese and Italian participants were required to perform a saccade whose direction might be either congruent or incongruent with the averted-gaze of task-irrelevant faces belonging to Asian and White individuals. The results showed that, for Chinese participants, White faces elicited a larger oculomotor interference than Asian faces. By contrast, Italian participants exhibited a similar oculomotor interference effect for both Asian and White faces. Hence, Chinese participants found it more difficult to suppress eye-gaze processing of White rather than Asian faces. The findings provide converging evidence that social attention can be modulated by social factors characterizing both the face stimulus and the participants. The data are discussed with reference to possible cross-cultural differences in perceived social status.

Intersystem Interference Study between Medical Capsule Camera Endoscopy and Other Systems in Co-Channel and Adjacent Bands

The Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) band occupies a very vital region in the spectrum and is becoming very congested because many applications use it. The capsule camera (CapCam), an ultra-low power wireless device, is a Short Range Device (SRD) application that utilizes the UHF spectrum for medical endoscopy and it is designed to operate at the 430-440MHz frequency band range. This study will focus on the interference between the CapCam and other systems operating in the frequency of 435MHz and adjacent bands. Other systems that can operate in this band include non-specific SRD and radiolocation services such as airborne radar and ground radar stations. The Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) method is implemented in this study. The findings showed that restricted distances between the CapCam and other services must be considered when the CapCam is in use. This should be done to avoid harmful interference from the CapCam especially in the case of radiolocation services.

Problem of language interference in literature and its impact on speech сommu nication

The article highlights the evolution of linguistic views on the phenomenon of interference. The problems of interference have been worrying a large number of scientists both in our country and abroad for several decades since the last century. The research in the field of language systems interference continues in all directions nowadays. However, a number of its aspects remain poorly understood. The relevance of the language interference study is connected with the emergence and study of new concepts, such as linguistic interference, as well as translation, textual, sociocultural, cross-cultural, terminological interference.Having studied the views of the scientists on the problem of language interference in this article, we can conclude that bilingualism and language contact are necessary conditions for the manifestation of interference. The place of manifestation of linguistic interference is the person himself, communicating in a foreign language or translating from one language to the other when he is trying to compensate for some elements, phenomena and functions of one language system with elements, phenomena and functions from the other one, which can lead to accent, literalism, distortion of meaning and to various deviations from the original, but also in some cases can help with communication or translation.The need to study, systematize and develop the recommendations for overcoming and using the phenomenon of interference in a professionally oriented translation is not in doubt. At present, the internationalization of higher education is of fundamental importance. Personal experience in the process of studying and teaching foreign languages shows that the phenomenon of interference must be approached consciously: interference must be studied and understood in detail in order to subsequently know how to prevent it or use it constructively in a professionally oriented translation.

A highly sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of vanadium at nanotrace levels in some environmental, biological, soil, food, and pharmaceutical samples using salicylaldehyde-benzoylhydrazone

A very simple, non-extractive and new spectrophotometric method for the swift determination of trace amount of vanadium using salicylaldehyde-benzoylhydrazone (Sal-BH) has been developed. Sal-BH undergoes a reaction in a slightly acidic solution (0.0016-0.0032 M H2S04) with vanadium to give a light greenish-yellow chelate, which has an absorption maximum at 392 nm. The reaction is instantaneous and absorbance remains stable for over 24 hrs. The average molar absorption co-efficient and Sandell’s sensitivity were found to be 2.5039×105 L/mol.cm and 1.0 ng/cm2 V, respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed for 0.001-30 mg/L of V, providing a detection limit of 0.1 µg/L of V and RSD 0-2 %. The stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1:1 (V:Sal-BH). Interference study shows that a large excess of over 60 cations, anions, and some common complexing agents (such as chloride, azide, tartrate, EDTA and SCN‑, etc.) satisfy the tolerance limit. The developed method was successfully used in the determination of vanadium in several standard reference materials as well as in some environmental waters, biological fluids, soil, food and pharmaceutical samples and solutions containing both vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V). The results of the proposed method for assessing biological, food and vegetable samples were comparable with ICP-OES and AAS were found to be in excellent agreement. The method has high precision and accuracy (s = ±0.01 for 0.5 mg/L).