scholarly journals Subdivision ofSalmonella enteritidisphage types by plasmid profile typing

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
B. Rowe ◽  
L. R. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Effective Adjunct ◽  
Type Strains

SUMMARYDifferentiation ofSalmonella enteritidisby plasmid profile typing has been compared to differentiation by phage typing. Examination of the type strains of the 27S. enteritidisphage types showed that only 11 profile patterns could be identified. Moreover, two profile patterns were found in 15 of the type strains, including those of the two most common phage types in Britain, types 4 and 8. On this basis, plasmid profile typing is not as sensitive as phage typing for the primary subdivision ofS. enteritidis.When differentiation of 534 strains of the 27 phage types was attempted using plasmid profiles, variation in pattern suitable for epidemiologieal subdivision was found in 13 phage types and there were 9 profile patterns in strains of phage type 4. Plasmid profile typing can, therefore, be regarded as an effective adjunct to phage typing for the subdivision ofS. enteritidis

scholarly journals Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enteritidis Phage Types by Plasmid Analysis, Ribotyping, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2314-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ridley ◽  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Reference Strains

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to resolveXbaI and SpeI macrorestriction fragments from 60 defined phage type (PT) reference strains of Salmonella enteritidis. The level of discrimination was compared to that afforded by plasmid profile analysis and ribotyping. Twenty-eight distinct XbaI pulsed-field profiles (PFPs) were observed, although a single type, PFP X1, predominated. Absence of the 57-kbspv-associated fragment was observed for three PT reference strains, and the profile was designated PFP X1A. The XbaI macrorestriction profiles of a further four PT reference strains were altered by the presence of plasmid-associated bands. Twenty-sixSpeI-generated PFPs (plus one subtype) were observed for the same strains. No SpeI fragment corresponding to the 38-MDa serovar-specific plasmid was detected. The distribution ofXbaI and SpeI profiles did not always correspond, producing a total of 32 combined PFPs for the 60 PT reference strains. This compared with a total of 18 different plasmid profiles and three PvuII ribotypes generated by the same strains. The results of this study indicate that PFGE may offer an improved level of discrimination over other genotypic typing methods for the epidemiological typing of S. enteritidis.

scholarly journals RAPD/PCR AND PHAGE TYPING OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS ISOLATED FROM POULTRY AND FOOD POISONING OUTBREAKS

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
L.R. dos Santos ◽  
A.R. Ribeiro ◽  
S.D. de Oliveira ◽  
L.B. Rodrigues ◽  
M.L. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Rapd Pcr

ABSTRACT Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is an important pathogen, causing both food poisoning outbreaks in humans and economic losses to the poultry industry, being also widely spread in the environment. This work aimed to identify SE phage types and to standardize the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for evaluating SE isolates obtained from different origins. To do so, 238 SE strains were selected, of which 104 were isolated from broiler carcasses, 106 from food samples and human biological materials involved in food poisoning outbreaks and 28 from different poultry materials. Among these 238 SE isolates, 111 were phage typed, and 57.7% (64/ 111) corresponded to phage type (PT) 4, 32.4% (36/111) to PT 4a, 3.6% (4/111) to PT 6a and 0.9% (1/111) to PT 7, whereas 5.4% .6/111) of the strains were not typeable (RDNC, reacts but does not conform). After the standardization of amplification conditions, all 238 SE isolates were submitted to RAPD/PCR. Among these, 91.8% (217/238) were classified as pattern A. Twenty-one isolates were differentiated into four patterns and into seven subtypes with the use of primer 1254, and into four patterns and ten subtypes using primer OPB 17. The combination of phage typing and RAPD/PCR proved to be a useful tool in epidemiological investigations. RAPD/PCR can be easily used as a routine laboratory method, thus helping with the monitoring of SE isolates and contributing to the establishment of effective Salmonella Enteritidis control and preventive programs.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships among strains ofSalmonella enteritidisin a national epidemic in Switzerland

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stanley ◽  
A. P. Burnens ◽  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
N. Chowdry ◽  
M. Goldsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Gene Probe ◽  
Insertion Element ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Clonal Lines

SUMMARYA collection ofSalmonella enteritidisstrains isolated in Switzerland (1965–90) was characterized. The phage type and plasmid profile of isolates were compared with the copy number and insertion loci of the DNA insertion element IS200. Three clonal lines ofS. enteritidiswere identified by IS200profile; the various phage types were subtypes reproducibly associated with one of these lines. All human and poultry isolates contained a 38 Mda plasmid which hybridized with a mouse virulence-associated gene probe. InS. enteritidis, the IS200profile is a race-specific molecular marker of the chromosome, and may be particularly applicable for studying the epidemiology of less common serovars.

Phage Typing of Salmonella Enteritidis from Different Sources in Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
IOLANDA A. NUNES ◽  
REINER HELMUTH ◽  
ANDREUS SCHROETER ◽  
GEOFFREY C. MEAD ◽  
MANOEL A. A. SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Different Sources

The occurrence of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) phage types (PTs) in samples collected from healthy and diseased chickens, in outbreaks of human gastroenteritis related to the consumption of egg products, in samples of poultry meat, in pipped embryos of broiler chickens, in meat meal, in poultry-rearing environments, and in many foods (cheese, mayonnaise, cake, and bacon) is described for strains isolated from 1995 to 1997 in Brazil. SE strains were isolated, and the most common PT was found to be PT 4, followed by PTs 7, 21, 35, 6, 4a, 8, 30, 6a, 5a, 1, and 1b. Fourteen strains were classified as react-but-do-not-conform strains, and one strain was not typeable. The results of this study demonstrate that PT 4 has a wider distribution among the sources studied than do any other SE phage types and is the most important phage type in human salmonellosis.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of plasmids in Salmonella enteritidis phage types

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Brown ◽  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
M. D. Hampton ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Weight Groups

SUMMARYPlasmids in selected type strains of 26 of the Salmonella enteritidis phage types have been characterized by restriction enzyme fingerprinting and by DNA–DNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes for Salmonella plasmid virulence (Spv) genes. With one exception, the fingerprints of the 38 MDa plasmids studied were homogeneous but there was heterogeneity in the fingerprints of 59 MDa plasmids found in 4 of the type strains. However all 38 MDa and 59 MDa plasmids were related as was a 45 MDa plasmid identified in the type strain of phage type 19. A 3·5 kb fragment homologous to SpvC was conserved in Hind III digests of all 38 MDa and 59 MDa plasmids, and in the related 45 MDa plasmid. In contrast a 65 MDa plasmid found in the type strain of phage type 10 was not related to these three plasmid molecular weight groups and did not carry the SpvC gene.

scholarly journals Phage type and DNA plasmid profile ofSalmonella typhimuriumisolates in the area of Isernia, Italy

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fantasia ◽  
N. Ricci ◽  
A. Manuppella ◽  
A. Martini ◽  
E. Filetici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Dna Plasmid

SUMMARYThirty-eightSalmonella typhimuriumstrains isolated from December 1987 to March 1988 in Isernia, Central Italy, were characterized on the basis of their phage type, resistance to antimicrobials and plasmid profiles. According to their phage types, the isolates could be assigned to one of six groups, the prevalent one being PT 195 which accounted for 73·6% of isolates.On the basis of their plasmid content, the isolates could be assigned to one of ten groups. The prevalent plasmid profile (60·0; 6·0; 4·3; 4·0; 3·2 megadaltons) was found in 60·4% of isolates.All the isolates from a particular food (salsicce), and as most of isolates from humans who had consumed this food belonged to phage type 195 and were of the same plasmid profile.The combined use of phage typing and DNA plasmid analysis proved to be a useful tool in identifying epidemiologically related isolates in this investigation.

scholarly journals Phage types of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from clinical and food samples, and from broiler carcasses in Southern Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Ruschel dos Santos ◽  
Vladimir Pinheiro do Nascimento ◽  
Sílvia Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Dália P. Rodrigues ◽  
Eliane Moura Falavina dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Phage Types

272 isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis (111 isolated from frozen broiler chicken carcasses, 126 from human food and other biological materials involved in food poisoning outbreaks and 35 from different poultry materials) were selected for phage typing. From these, 111 were phage typed, 57.65% being classified as phage type 4, 32.43% as phage type 4a, 3.60% as phage type 6a and 0.90% as phage type 7, whereas 5.40% samples were not phage typeable. The predominance of phage type 4 is in agreement with the results published worldwide, and reinforces the need for studies related to the epidemiological meaning of these findings.

scholarly journals Salmonella Enteritidis in England and Wales: increases in unusual phage types in 2002

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O’Brien ◽  
L Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Phage Types

Although Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4, responsible for the major epidemic during the late 1980s and early 1990s (1), has continued to decline, there have been increases in a number of the more unusual phage types of S. Enteritidis (2). Isolates of S. Enteritidis PT 3, 6a, 13a and 14b and 21 confirmed by the Public Health Laboratory Service Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (PHLS LEP) in England have all increased during 2002 (table 1) (3).

Survey of Salmonella Contamination of Non–United Kingdom-Produced Raw Shell Eggs on Retail Sale in the Northwest of England and London, 2005 to 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2259-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. LITTLE ◽  
S. WALSH ◽  
L. HUCKLESBY ◽  
S. SURMAN-LEE ◽  
K. PATHAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Retail Sale ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Weighted Prevalence

This survey was prompted by a change in the epidemiology of Salmonella Enteritidis infections in England and Wales and elsewhere in Europe and, to our knowledge, is the first survey to provide information on Salmonella contamination of non–United Kingdom eggs on retail sale. Based on 10,464 non–United Kingdom eggs (1,744 pooled samples of six eggs) purchased between March 2005 and July 2006, the total weighted prevalence estimate for all Salmonella detected in non–United Kingdom eggs was 3.3%. Of the eggs sampled, most were produced in Spain (66.3%), France (20.0%), or The Netherlands (7.4%). Salmonella was detected from 4.4 and 0.3% of eggs produced in Spain and France, respectively, with weighted prevalence estimates. Eight different Salmonella serotypes were recovered from non–United Kingdom eggs, of which Salmonella Enteritidis predominated, with an estimated prevalence of 2.6%. Salmonella Enteritidis was obtained only from Spanish eggs. Nine different phage types of Salmonella Enteritidis were identified, with phage type 1 found to be the predominant phage type. Most of the Salmonella Enteritidis isolates obtained from Spanish eggs in the survey were resistant to nalidixic acid with concomitant decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (0.125 to 1.0 mg/liter) or ampicillin (8.0 mg/liter). Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 1 until now had not been detected in eggs examined as part of previous United Kingdom egg surveys but has been detected in eggs of Spanish origin examined during recent national outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis non–phage type 4 infections in England and Wales. Eggs are a commonly consumed food that may occasionally be contaminated with Salmonella. The rates of contamination may be linked to the origin of the eggs. Consumers and caterers need to be aware of this continuing hazard, adopt appropriate control measures, and follow advice provided by national food agencies in order to reduce the risk of infection.

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