scholarly journals Smoking, the environment and meningococcal disease: a case control study

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Stanwell ◽  
J. M. Stuart ◽  
A. O. Hughes ◽  
P. Robinson ◽  
M. B. Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThis case control study investigated environmental factors in 74 confirmed cases of meningococcal disease (MD). In children aged under 5, passive smoking in the home (30 or more cigarettes daily) was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–38.66). ORs increased both with the numbers of cigarettes smoked and with the number of smokers in the household, suggesting a dose–response relationship. MD in this age group was also significantly associated with household overcrowding (more than 1.5 persons per room) (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.10–32.8), with kisses on the mouth with 4 or more contacts in the previous 2 weeks (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.09–5.56), with exposure to dust from plaster, brick or stone in the previous 2 weeks (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.07–4.65); and with changes in residence (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0–8.99), marital arguments (OR 3.0, 95 % CI 1.26–7.17) and legal disputes in the previous 6 months (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.24–7.78). These associations were independent of social class. Public health measures to lower the prevalence of cigarette smoking by parents of young children may reduce the incidence of MD. The influence of building dust and stressful life events merits further investigation.

Stressful life events and psychiatric comorbidity in acne–a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e12340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapna Bondade ◽  
Abhineetha Hosthota ◽  
Vinay Basavaraju
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The dose-response relationship between tobacco smoking and the risk of lymphomas: a case-control study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Taborelli ◽  
Maurizio Montella ◽  
Massimo Libra ◽  
Rosamaria Tedeschi ◽  
Anna Crispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Major Stressful Life Events and Risk of Developing Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955491983579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed H Jafri ◽  
Faisal Ali ◽  
Arash Mollaeian ◽  
Syed Mojiz Hasan ◽  
Rahat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Control Study

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is strongly linked with smoking. We sought to determine whether major stressful life events (e.g. divorce) are also a risk factor for developing lung cancers. Methods: We performed a matched case-control study. Cases (CA) were lung cancer patients diagnosed within the previous 12 months. Controls (CO) were patients without a prior history of malignancy. Data on major stressful life events were collected using the modified Holmes-Rahe stress scale. The primary endpoint was the odds of having a major stressful life event between CA and CO. A sample of 360 patients (CA = 120, CO = 240) was needed to achieve 80% power to detect an odds ratio (OR) of 2.00 versus the alternative of equal odds using χ2 = 0.05. Results: Between May 2015 and December 2016, we enrolled 301 patients (CA = 102, CO = 199), matched for median age (CA = 64.4 years, CO = 63.9 years), sex (CA-Male = 48%, CO-Male = 49.2%), and smoking status (ever smoker, CA = 84%, CO = 85%). There was no difference in lifetime stressful life event rate between CA and CO (95% vs 93.9%; P = .68). However, CA were significantly more likely to have had a stressful event within the preceding 5 years than CO (CA = 77.4% vs CO = 65.8%; P = .03, OR = 1.78). β-blocker use was significantly higher among CO (CA = 29.4%, CO = 49.7%; P = .0007, OR = 0.42), suggesting a protective effect. Conclusion: Patients with lung cancer are significantly more likely to have had a major stressful life event within the preceding 5 years. In addition, use of β-blockers may be protective against lung cancer.

Stressful Life Events as a Risk Factor for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Onset: A Population-Based Case–Control Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lerebours ◽  
Corinne Gower-Rousseau ◽  
Veronique Merle ◽  
Franck Brazier ◽  
Stephane Debeugny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Damp mouldy housing and early childhood hospital admissions for acute respiratory infection: a case control study

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 849-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram Ingham ◽  
Michael Keall ◽  
Bernadette Jones ◽  
Daniel R T Aldridge ◽  
Anthony C Dowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionA gap exists in the literature regarding dose–response associations of objectively assessed housing quality measures, particularly dampness and mould, with hospitalisation for acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children.MethodsA prospective, unmatched case–control study was conducted in two paediatric wards and five general practice clinics in Wellington, New Zealand, over winter/spring 2011–2013. Children aged <2 years who were hospitalised for ARI (cases), and either seen in general practice with ARI not requiring admission or for routine immunisation (controls) were included in the study. Objective housing quality was assessed by independent building assessors, with the assessors blinded to outcome status, using the Respiratory Hazard Index (RHI), a 13-item scale of household quality factors, including an 8-item damp–mould subscale. The main outcome was case–control status. Adjusted ORs (aORs) of the association of housing quality measures with case–control status were estimated, along with the population attributable risk of eliminating dampness–mould on hospitalisation for ARI among New Zealand children.Results188 cases and 454 controls were studied. Higher levels of RHI were associated with elevated odds of hospitalisation (OR 1.11/unit increase (95% CI 1.01 to 1.21)), which weakened after adjustment for season, housing tenure, socioeconomic status and crowding (aOR 1.04/unit increase (95% CI 0.94 to 1.15)). The damp–mould index had a significant, adjusted dose–response relationship with ARI admission (aOR 1.15/unit increase (95% CI 1.02 to 1.30)). By addressing these harmful housing exposures, the rate of admission for ARI would be reduced by 19% or 1700 fewer admissions annually.ConclusionsA dose–response relationship exists between housing quality measures, particularly dampness–mould, and young children’s ARI hospitalisation rates. Initiatives to improve housing quality and to reduce dampness–mould would have a large impact on ARI hospitalisation.

The Stressful Life Events and Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Vlajinac ◽  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Isidora Ratkov ◽  
Jadranka Maksimovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Control Study
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