scholarly journals Prevalence and significance of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the urines of a non-venereal disease population

1987 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Furr ◽  
D. Taylor-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Tract Disease

SUMMARYUreaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas) and Mycoplasma hominis organisms (mycoplasmas) were sought in mid-stream urines collected from 200 men and 200 women attending hospital with conditions of a non-venereal nature. In addition, the urines from 100 male and 100 female healthy volunteers were examined. Overall, ureaplasmas were isolated four times more often than mycoplasmas. In individuals less than 50 years of age, the organisms were found in about 20 % of men and about 40 % of women. In individuals 50 years or older, they were found about one-third to one-half as frequently. Centrifugation of urine and examination of the resuspended deposit did not increase the isolation rates. In men, the numbers of organisms in the urine were usually small (< 103 c.c.u./ml) with less than tenfold more in the urine of women. The occurrence of 51– > 1000 leucocytes per mm3 in some of the urines was not associated with either the presence or an increased number of ureaplasmas/mycoplasmas, whereas they were associated with the presence of 105 or more bacteria/ml. The significance of these findings in the context of defining the role of ureaplasmas/mycoplasmas in genital-tract disease is discussed.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma,Ureaplasma, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Fresh Look

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Larsen ◽  
Joseph Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Recent work on the Molicutes that associate with genital tract tissues focuses on four species that may be of interest in potential maternal, fetal, and neonatal infection and in contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes.Mycoplasma hominisandUreaplasma urealyticumhave historically been the subject of attention, butMycoplasma genitaliswhich causes male urethritis in addition to colonizing the female genital tract and the division ofUreaplasmainto two species,urealyticumandparvum, has also added new taxonomic clarity. The role of these genital tract inhabitants in infection during pregnancy and their ability to invade and infect placental and fetal tissue is discussed. In particular, the role of some of these organisms in prematurity may be mechanistically related to their ability to induce inflammatory cytokines, thereby triggering pathways leading to preterm labor. A review of this intensifying exploration of the mycoplasmas in relation to pregnancy yields several questions which will be important to examine in future research.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasms in nonconococcal urethirits in men

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Sonja Vesic ◽  
Jelica Vukicevic ◽  
Eleonora Gvozdenovic ◽  
Dusan Skiljevic ◽  
Slobodanka Janosevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Nongonococcal Urethritis ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
The One

Introduction. Nongonococcal urethritis is the most common sexually transmitted infection in men, with vast majority of the etiological agents such as Chlamydia trachomatis, followed by urogenital mycoplasmas. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in nongonococcal urethritis in men, and to examine infections associated with these agents. Material and methods. 299 sexually active, heterosexual men with nongonococcal urethritis were included into the study. Urethral samples were taken with a dacron swab placed into the urethra up to 2-3 cm. The Direct immunojluorescence tehnique was performed for identification of Chlamydia trachomatis. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were detected with Mycoplasma 1ST assay. Results. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 22.75%, Uraeplasma urealyticum in 21.08% and Mycoplasma hominis in 8.02% cases. We found no significant differences in prevalence between Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticym (p>0.05). Monoinjections were found in 51.85% with significantly higher rate (p<0.01) than associated infections (11.70%). Among associated infections, coinfection of Chlamydia trahomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was predominant. Association of Chlamydia trachomatis with urogenital mycoplasmas was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the one between Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. In 36.45% patients no patogenic microorganisms were detected. Conclusion. These results confirmed the etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasmas in nongonococcal urethritis with prevalence of 51.85% in monoinfections and 11.70% in associated infections. In 36.45% of cases the etiology of urethritis was not elucidated. These results suggest that more sensitive diagnostic tool should be applied when searching for the detailed etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

Genital mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma genitalium, as sexually transmitted agents

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Uusküla ◽  
Peter K Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living organisms, widespread in nature. Several mycoplasma species have been isolated from humans. For 6 of them: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, M. primatum, M. genitalium, M. spermatophilum and M. penetrans, the genital tract is the main site of colonization. This review is concentrated on the role of mycoplasmas as sexually transmitted agents, with the emphasis to M. genitalium infections. M. hominis and U. urealyticum are isolated from the genital tract of healthy men and women with considerable frequency. The biological features (attachment properties, possible intracellular location) and experimental inoculation studies of M. genitalium indicate that this mycoplasma has pathogenic potential. Data from case-control studies, looking at men with non-gonococcal urethritis and women with cervicitis, have revealed that M. genitalium behave similarly to Chlamydia trachomatis and have revealed that carriage of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis is usually independent of one another. M. genitalium could be considered as a potential cause of sexually transmitted urethritis in men, including men with persistent or recurrent urethritis. More studies are expected to ascertain the role of M. genitalium in the female genital tract. Evidence-based data are needed to decide whether current non-gonococcal infection treatment principles are applicable or not for M. genitalium infections.

Mycoplasma and Chlamydia in Adenoids and Tonsils of Children Undergoing Adenoidectomy or Tonsillectomy

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Huminer ◽  
Rudi Levy ◽  
Silvio Pitlik ◽  
Zmira Samra
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Pathogenetic Role ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp ◽  
Genital Mycoplasmas

The prevalence of mycoplasmal and chlamydial infection was assessed in 83 children undergoing adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or both procedures for recurrent adenotonsillitis or obstructive symptoms. Throat smears (surface specimens) and minced adenoids and tonsils (core specimens) were cultured for Mycoplasma spp and for Chlamydia spp. Isolation rates in adenoidal specimens were as follows: Mycoplasma hominis, surface 7.1%, core 2.9%; and Ureaplasma urealyticum, surface 1.4%, core 2.9%. Mycoplasma hominis was also found in tonsillar specimens: surface 14.3%, core 20%. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated only from a single core adenoidal specimen. The rate of mycoplasma isolation was significantly higher in children with recurrent adenotonsillitis (34.5%) than in those with obstructive symptoms (3.7%). Our findings document colonization of genital mycoplasmas in adenoids and tonsils of children with recurrent adenotonsillitis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible pathogenetic role of these microorganisms in adenotonsillar infection.

Studies on the Role of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Prostatitis

1983 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brunner ◽  
W. Weidner ◽  
H.-G. Schiefer
Keyword(s):  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis

scholarly journals Genital Mycoplasmas in Placental Infections

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stein ◽  
Léon Boubli ◽  
Bernard Blanc ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
True Infection ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Genital Mycoplasmas

Objective:The involvement of the genital mycoplasmasUreaplasma urealyticumandMycoplasma hominisin complications of pregnancy has remained controversial especially because these microorganisms are frequent colonizers of the lower genital tract. Recovery of bacteria from the placenta appears to be the sole technique to represent a true infection and not vaginal contamination. Therefore, we investigated the presence of genital mycoplasmas, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and fungi in human placentas and evaluated their association with morbidity and mortality of pregnancy.Methods:We cultured placentas from 82 women with complicated pregnancies. One hundred placentas from women with uncomplicated pregnancies were evaluated as controls. When possible, placentas were examined histologically for presence of chorioamnionitis.Results:Microorganisms were recovered from 52% of the placentas of complicated pregnancies andU. urealyticumwas the microorganism isolated most frequently from the placenta. A significant association between positive mycoplasma culture of the placenta and complication of pregnancy was found, and chorioamnionitis was positively related to isolation of mycoplasmas.Conclusions:These data suggest that genital mycoplasmas are able to infect the human placenta where they can cause chorioamnionitis. This infection of the placenta by genital mycoplasmas is related to preterm birth and fatal outcome of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Sequence analysis reveals asymptomatic infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum possibly leads to infertility in females: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Charity Ezeanya-Bakpa ◽  
Nneka Regina Agbakoba ◽  
Charolette Blanche Oguejiofor ◽  
Ifeoma Bessie Enweani-Nwokelo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Genetic evidence of asymptomatic Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) infection associated with infertility among females is lacking because suitable high throughput molecular methods have not been applied. Objective: This study aimed to explore the occurrence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in the genital tract of females with asymptomatic infection and infertility as well as determine their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods: The study group included 100 asymptomatic females and 31 females diagnosed with infertility. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene following DNA extraction was performed directly from endo-cervical swabs. Phylogenetic analysis established the genetic linkage between the isolates from both groups. Results: In asymptomatic females, M. hominis and U. urealyticum were detected with a prevalence of 8% and 2% respectively. Among females with infertility, the prevalence was 6.45% and 3.23% for M. hominis and U. urealyticum respectively. In both groups, M. hominis occurred significantly more frequently. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters in both groups: two with already characterized M. hominis and Ureaplasma species (28.6% of the overall Mycoplasma spp.) and one distinct cluster matched with U. urealyticum. Furthermore, all M. hominis from asymptomatic females clustered significantly with infertility contrary to U. urealyticum. The M. hominis cluster was significantly linked to two strains from China. Conclusion: The sequence analysis of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in the genital tract of asymptomatic and infertile females showed significant association; therefore, it is paramount to consider them as possible etiologic agents of infertility and genital infection, especially when the etiology of infertility is unknown. Key words: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Genetic linkage, Asymptomatic infections, Infertility.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis infection in south Korea during 2018-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Ju Oh ◽  
Tae Su Jang ◽  
Jae Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hominis Infection

Background and Objectives: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can remain undetected and untreated; therefore, rapid diagnosis and treatment of STIs are important. Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), and Ureaplasma urealyticum are sexually transmitted pathogens that cause asymptomatic, organ-specific, and chronic infections, thereby pos- ing a threat to community health. Therefore, we investigated the epidemiological trends of MG and MH infections in South Korea for rapid diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: From September 2018 to December 2020, samples (catheter, pus, tissue, swab, and urine) were collected from outpatients of hospitals in South Korea for molecular biological venereal disease testing. DNA was extracted and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 59,381 samples analyzed, 8.78% (n=5,215) were positive for MG and MH. The MH positivity rate (5.51%, n=3,273) was higher than the MG positivity rate (3.27%, n=1,942). MG and MH positivity rates were the highest in patients aged <19 years. Men had higher MG positivity rate, whereas women had higher MH positivity rates. Furthermore, the MG- positivity rate was the highest in the swab samples of both men and women, whereas that of MH was the highest in the urine samples of men and swab samples of women. Conclusion: We identified the differences between MG and MH positivity rates based on sex, specimen, and age. Our findings can provide information for strategies that protect public health and reduce STI incidence and transmission.

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