scholarly journals Cytokine concentrations in seminal plasma from subfertile men are not indicative of the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis in the lower genital tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVONNE PANNEKOEK ◽  
JACOB DANKERT ◽  
JOHANNES W. TRUM ◽  
OTTO P. BLEKER ◽  
FULCO VAN DER VEEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Lower Genital Tract

scholarly journals Genital Mycoplasmas in Placental Infections

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stein ◽  
Léon Boubli ◽  
Bernard Blanc ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
True Infection ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Genital Mycoplasmas

Objective:The involvement of the genital mycoplasmasUreaplasma urealyticumandMycoplasma hominisin complications of pregnancy has remained controversial especially because these microorganisms are frequent colonizers of the lower genital tract. Recovery of bacteria from the placenta appears to be the sole technique to represent a true infection and not vaginal contamination. Therefore, we investigated the presence of genital mycoplasmas, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and fungi in human placentas and evaluated their association with morbidity and mortality of pregnancy.Methods:We cultured placentas from 82 women with complicated pregnancies. One hundred placentas from women with uncomplicated pregnancies were evaluated as controls. When possible, placentas were examined histologically for presence of chorioamnionitis.Results:Microorganisms were recovered from 52% of the placentas of complicated pregnancies andU. urealyticumwas the microorganism isolated most frequently from the placenta. A significant association between positive mycoplasma culture of the placenta and complication of pregnancy was found, and chorioamnionitis was positively related to isolation of mycoplasmas.Conclusions:These data suggest that genital mycoplasmas are able to infect the human placenta where they can cause chorioamnionitis. This infection of the placenta by genital mycoplasmas is related to preterm birth and fatal outcome of pregnancy.

Association of Genital Mycoplasmas with Exudative Vaginitis in a 10 Year Old: A Case of Misdiagnosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-252
Author(s):  
K. B. Waites ◽  
M. B. Brown ◽  
S. Stagno ◽  
J. Schachter ◽  
S. Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
University Of Alabama ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Urology Clinic ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

A 10-year-old girl with a 1-year history of lower genitourinary tract symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection but with numerous negative urine cultures was referred to the University of Alabama urology clinic after empirical treatment with multiple antibiotics failed to resolve her symptoms. An extensive urologic evaluation revealed no structural or physiologic abnormalities, but an exudative vaginitis was noted and large numbers of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were isolated from the lower genital tract. Cultures for Chlamydia, viruses, and routine bacterial pathogens were negative. After initiation of tetracycline therapy, symptoms resolved and subsequent cultures for mycoplasmas were negative. In addition, a seroconversion was noted for M hominis but not for U urealyticum. Chlamydia serology was negative. It was later learned that the patient had been sexually molested just prior to the onset of symptoms. This case illustrates the necessity of early consideration of a mycoplasmal etiology in the patient with persistent genitourinary symptoms and no obvious bacterial pathogen, or in the patient whose condition is refractory to routine antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and significance of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the urines of a non-venereal disease population

1987 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Furr ◽  
D. Taylor-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Tract Disease

SUMMARYUreaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas) and Mycoplasma hominis organisms (mycoplasmas) were sought in mid-stream urines collected from 200 men and 200 women attending hospital with conditions of a non-venereal nature. In addition, the urines from 100 male and 100 female healthy volunteers were examined. Overall, ureaplasmas were isolated four times more often than mycoplasmas. In individuals less than 50 years of age, the organisms were found in about 20 % of men and about 40 % of women. In individuals 50 years or older, they were found about one-third to one-half as frequently. Centrifugation of urine and examination of the resuspended deposit did not increase the isolation rates. In men, the numbers of organisms in the urine were usually small (< 103 c.c.u./ml) with less than tenfold more in the urine of women. The occurrence of 51– > 1000 leucocytes per mm3 in some of the urines was not associated with either the presence or an increased number of ureaplasmas/mycoplasmas, whereas they were associated with the presence of 105 or more bacteria/ml. The significance of these findings in the context of defining the role of ureaplasmas/mycoplasmas in genital-tract disease is discussed.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma,Ureaplasma, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Fresh Look

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Larsen ◽  
Joseph Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Recent work on the Molicutes that associate with genital tract tissues focuses on four species that may be of interest in potential maternal, fetal, and neonatal infection and in contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes.Mycoplasma hominisandUreaplasma urealyticumhave historically been the subject of attention, butMycoplasma genitaliswhich causes male urethritis in addition to colonizing the female genital tract and the division ofUreaplasmainto two species,urealyticumandparvum, has also added new taxonomic clarity. The role of these genital tract inhabitants in infection during pregnancy and their ability to invade and infect placental and fetal tissue is discussed. In particular, the role of some of these organisms in prematurity may be mechanistically related to their ability to induce inflammatory cytokines, thereby triggering pathways leading to preterm labor. A review of this intensifying exploration of the mycoplasmas in relation to pregnancy yields several questions which will be important to examine in future research.

Pathogenicity of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in the lower genital tract of female BALB/c mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 987-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-xing Zhu ◽  
Chun Lu ◽  
Chuan-jie Chen ◽  
Pei-ying Feng ◽  
Han Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Tnf Α

The aim of this study was to establish a murine model of lower genital tract infection by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum and evaluate differences in pathogenicity of five serotypes. BALB/c female mice were divided into seven groups (five mice in each group), including five groups infected in the lower genital tract after treatment with estradiol with U. urealyticum serotypes 4 and 8 and U. parvum serotypes 1, 3, and 6, respectively, and two control groups of untreated mice and estradiol treated mice. The presence of infection was determined on solid and liquid culture media. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression in lower genital tract secretions was determined by PCR, and morphological and histological changes of the lower genital tract were observed. The genital secretions of all inoculated mice were positive for U. urealyticum and U. parvum on culture in both liquid and solid media. TNF-α expression at 7 and 14 days after infection was markedly increased as compared with that of the controls. Morphological changes of the external genitalia included hair loss and erosions, and histological examination revealed infiltration by inflammatory cells. The five serotypes tested were all found to be pathogenic, and the pathogenicity varied with serotype 4 showing the greatest pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Sequence analysis reveals asymptomatic infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum possibly leads to infertility in females: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Charity Ezeanya-Bakpa ◽  
Nneka Regina Agbakoba ◽  
Charolette Blanche Oguejiofor ◽  
Ifeoma Bessie Enweani-Nwokelo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Genetic evidence of asymptomatic Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) infection associated with infertility among females is lacking because suitable high throughput molecular methods have not been applied. Objective: This study aimed to explore the occurrence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in the genital tract of females with asymptomatic infection and infertility as well as determine their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods: The study group included 100 asymptomatic females and 31 females diagnosed with infertility. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene following DNA extraction was performed directly from endo-cervical swabs. Phylogenetic analysis established the genetic linkage between the isolates from both groups. Results: In asymptomatic females, M. hominis and U. urealyticum were detected with a prevalence of 8% and 2% respectively. Among females with infertility, the prevalence was 6.45% and 3.23% for M. hominis and U. urealyticum respectively. In both groups, M. hominis occurred significantly more frequently. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters in both groups: two with already characterized M. hominis and Ureaplasma species (28.6% of the overall Mycoplasma spp.) and one distinct cluster matched with U. urealyticum. Furthermore, all M. hominis from asymptomatic females clustered significantly with infertility contrary to U. urealyticum. The M. hominis cluster was significantly linked to two strains from China. Conclusion: The sequence analysis of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in the genital tract of asymptomatic and infertile females showed significant association; therefore, it is paramount to consider them as possible etiologic agents of infertility and genital infection, especially when the etiology of infertility is unknown. Key words: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Genetic linkage, Asymptomatic infections, Infertility.

scholarly journals The Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Counts from Urethra, Cervix, and Vaginal Wet Mount in Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Lower Genital Tract Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Randjelovic ◽  
Amir Moghaddam ◽  
Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio ◽  
Harald Moi
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Lower Genital Tract Infection

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) inflammatory response in women with nongonococcal lower genital tract infection (LGTI) can be used to optimize criteria for syndromic treatment. Methods. A cross-sectional study of 375 women attending the STI clinic in Oslo. Urethral, cervical, and vaginal specimens underwent microscopy for PMNLs. Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and other STIs were detected in the cervical/vaginal swabs and urine, using nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). After excluding vulvovaginal candidiasis, genital herpes, and trichomoniasis, we correlated clinical and microscopic signs of inflammation with positive NAAT for Ct, mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) in a subgroup of 293 women. Results. To predict a positive Ct, the combination of high cut-off urethritis (≥10 PMNLs/HPF) and microscopic cervicitis had a high specificity of 0.93, a PPV of 0.37, and a sensitivity of 0.35. LGTI criteria had low predicting values for Mg and Uu. Conclusion. Including microscopic criteria for the diagnosis of LGTI gives better indication for presumptive antibiotic treatment than anamnestic and clinical diagnosis alone.

scholarly journals Correlation between Common Lower Genital Tract Microbes and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Panpan Lv ◽  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoqin Xu ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Lower Genital Tract

Background. High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. However, other common lower genital tract microbes may increase hr-HPV infection and their related cervical cytopathy. Methods. To confirm this hypothesis, cervical brush and vaginal swab specimens were collected from 826 adult patients who were divided into the hr-HPV-positive group (254) and the negative group (572) by real-time PCR assay. Cervical specimens were tested for Ureaplasma parvum (UP), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) using PCR analysis. Vaginal secretion was detected for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Candida spp., and bacterial vaginosis (BV) with conventional assay. Results. Among hr-HPV-positive women, UP was found in 51.6%, UU in 15.4%, CT in 15.7%, Candida spp. in 11.0%, TV in 3.1%, and BV in 20.5%. In the hr-HPV-negative group, UP was positive in 36.2%, UU in 8.6%, CT in 4.0%, Candida spp. in 12.4%, TV in 0.2%, and BV in 7.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with age-adjusted showed that UU (OR, 1.757), UP (OR, 1.804), CT (OR, 3.538), BV (OR, 3.020), and TV (OR, 14.109) were risk factors on hr-HPV infection (P<0.05). Conclusion. These microbes might induce cervical chronic inflammation that would damage the mucosal barrier and immune protection to promote the infection of hr-HPV.

scholarly journals Presence ofChlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma,and Other Bacteria in the Upper and Lower Genital Tracts of Fertile and Infertile Populations

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Mark G. Martens ◽  
Ronald L. Young ◽  
Marco Uribe ◽  
V. C. Buttram ◽  
Sebastian Faro
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Infertile Group ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Infertile Patients ◽  
Fertile Women

Objective:The genital mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominisandUreaplasma urealyticum) andChlamydia trachomatishave been implicated as possible etiologic factors in infertility. Their role in patients with infertility needs to be further defined.Methods:Seventy-nine infertile patients underwent laparoscopy with cultures obtained for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria,Chlamydia, Mycoplasma,andUreaplasmafrom the peritoneal fluid, fallopian tube, endometrium, and endocervix. Cultures for similar organisms were taken from the endocervix of 80 fertile women in their first trimester. Culture results were also compared according to ovulatory status and laparoscopic findings in the infertile group.Results:There were no differences in the recovery ofUreaplasma(29% vs. 28%) orChlamydia(4% vs. 0%) positive cervical cultures in the fertile and infertile groups, respectively. However, a significantly higher number ofMycoplasmapositive cervical cultures (14% vs. 5%,P= 0.05) were found in the fertile group. Only two upper genital tract cultures were found to be positive (Ureaplasma).Conclusions:Therefore, if these organisms play a role in infertility, they are present and eradicated prior to infertility work-up and thus do not supports the use of a routine trial of antibiotics prior to laparoscopy.

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