scholarly journals Detection of multiple enteric virus strains within a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: an indication of the source of contamination

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. GALLIMORE ◽  
C. PIPKIN ◽  
H. SHRIMPTON ◽  
A. D. GREEN ◽  
Y. PICKFORD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Viral Aetiology ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Most Probable Explanation ◽  
Virus Strains

An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis of suspected viral aetiology occurred in April 2003 in the British Royal Fleet Auxillary ship (RFA) Argus deployed in the Northern Arabian Gulf. There were 37 cases amongst a crew of 400 personnel. Of 13 samples examined from cases amongst the crew, six enteric viruses were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Five different viruses were identified including, three norovirus genotypes, a sapovirus and a rotavirus. No multiple infections were detected. A common food source was implicated in the outbreak and epidemiological analysis showed a statistically significant association with salad as the source of the outbreak, with a relative risk of 3·41 (95% confidence interval of 1·7–6·81) of eating salad on a particular date prior to the onset of symptoms. Faecal contamination of the salad at source was the most probable explanation for the diversity of viruses detected and characterized.

scholarly journals Prediction of the Spatial Origin of Puumala Virus Infections Using L Segment Sequences Derived from a Generic Screening PCR

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiss ◽  
Klempa ◽  
Tenner ◽  
Kruger ◽  
Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Puumala Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
L Segment ◽  
Virus Strains

To screen diagnostic specimens for the presence of hantavirus genomes or to identify new hantaviruses in nature, the pan-hanta L-PCR assay, a broadly reactive nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay targeting the L segment, is highly preferred over other assays because of its universality and high sensitivity. In contrast, the geographic allocation of Puumala virus strains to defined outbreak regions in Germany was previously done based on S segment sequences. We show that the routinely generated partial L segment sequences resulting from the pan-hanta L-PCR assay provide sufficient phylogenetic signal to inform the molecular epidemiology of the Puumala virus. Consequently, an additional S segment analysis seems no longer necessary for the identification of the spatial origin of a virus strain.

Development of PCR Methods for Enteric Virus Detection in Water

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Schwab ◽  
R. De Leon ◽  
M. D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sample Concentration ◽  
Spin Column ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study developed a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection system for enteric viruses in sample concentrates obtained by conventional filter adsorption-elution methods. One liter beef extract (BE)-glycine (G) eluant seeded with poliovirus 1 and hepatitis A virus (HAV) was used as a model system and the eluant further processed for RT-PCR compatibility. Sample concentration and purification procedures consisted of polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, Pro-Cipitate (Affinity Technology, New Brunswick, NJ) precipitation, a second PEG precipitation, spin-column chromatography, and ultrafiltration. Sample volumes are reduced from 1 L to 20-40 µL and purified sufficiently for viral detection by RT-PCR. As little as 3 PFU of poliovirus 1 in an initial 1 L eluate were detected by RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Development and Application of an RT-PCR to Differentiate the Prevalent NA-PRRSV Strains in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlin Li ◽  
Guobiao Ji ◽  
Xiaodong Xu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yingying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Prrsv ◽  
Reverse Transcript

Background: PRRSV features with genetic diversity and high mutation which leads to the emergence of a multiple of circulating virus strains with different virulence. North American (genotype 2) PRRSV (NA-PRRSV) can be divided into classical PRRSV (C-PRRSV), highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV), and NADC30-like PRRSV (NL-PRRSV) according to their genomic characteristics and pathogenicity. So far, the above three subtypes of NA-PRRSV are now circulating in China. Objective and Method: In this study, a reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was established to simultaneously differentiate three subtypes of NA-PRRSV. The established RT-PCR can be applied to PRRSV-infected samples originated from both supernatant of cell culture and pig tissues and showed specificity exclusively to PRRSV. The sensitivity of RT-PCR showed the minimum RNA detection was 0.04ng/µl. Result and Conclusion: The established RT-PCR was next used to differentiate the subtypes of 29 NA-PRRSV isolated in 2016 and the results showed that HP-PRRSV is still the dominant circulating virus strain in the presence of NADC30-like PRRSV in Henan province.

scholarly journals A Comparison Between Serological and Biological Assays in Detecting Grapevine Leafroll Associated Viruses

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rowhani ◽  
Jerry K. Uyemoto ◽  
Deborah A. Golino
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The efficacy of the serological procedure enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV types -1, -2, -3, and -4) was compared with indexing on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Franc. Results of the biological assays confirmed the infectious nature of all grapevine sources testing positive by ELISA for GLRaV-1 (9 sources), GLRaV-2 (14 sources), and GLRaV-4 (14 sources), and the noninfectious nature of ELISA-negative grapevines (75 sources). However, among 57 sources testing positive by ELISA for GLRaV-3, or 24 sources with multiple infections, 8 and 1 sources, respectively, were negative by Cabernet Franc assays. Serological assays were repeated on all graft-inoculated indicators and only symptomatic ones reacted positively. Also, the 8 original GLRaV-3 sources that had tested positive by ELISA and negative by bioassay were found positive using immuno-capture/reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC/RT-PCR). The single multiple-infected source was not available for retesting. The distribution of GLRaV in infected grapevines was tested by assaying 20 to 40 samples per source of 36 plants infected with GLRaV-1, -2, -3, or -4. The incidence of GLRaV-positive canes as determined by ELISA ranged from 0 to 100%, suggesting that GLRaV can be unevenly distributed in chronically infected grapevines.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein V in Human Megakaryocytes and Megakaryocytic Cell Lines: A Study Using a Novel Monoclonal Antibody against GPV

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 762-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Takafuta ◽  
Kingo Fujirmura ◽  
Hironori Kawano ◽  
Masaaki Noda ◽  
Tetsuro Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Megakaryocytic Cell

SummaryGlycoprotein V (GPV) is a platelet membrane protein with a molecular weight of 82 kD, and one of the leucine rich glycoproteins (LRG). By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), GPV cDNA was amplified from mRNA of platelets and megakaryocytic cell lines. However, since there are few reports indicating whether GPV protein is expressed in megakaryocytes as a lineage and maturation specific protein, we studied the GPV expression at the protein level by using a novel monoclonal antibody (1D9) recognizing GPV. Flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that GPV was detected on the surface and in the cytoplasm of only the megakaryocytes in bone marrow aspirates. In a megakaryocytic cell line UT-7, GPV antigen increased after treatment with phorbol-12-myri-state-13-acetate (PMA). These data indicate that only megakaryocytes specifically express the GPV protein among hematopoietic cells and that the expression of GPV increases with differentiation of the megakaryocyte as GPIb-IX complex.

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Results with Routine Blood Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tschoellitsch ◽  
Martin Dünser ◽  
Carl Böck ◽  
Karin Schwarzbauer ◽  
Jens Meier
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory secretions, blood, or stool. Currently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used method to test for SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this retrospective cohort analysis, we evaluated whether machine learning could exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection using routinely available laboratory values. A Random Forests algorithm with 1353 unique features was trained to predict the RT-PCR results. Results Out of 12,848 patients undergoing SARS-CoV-2 testing, routine blood tests were simultaneously performed in 1528 patients. The machine learning model could predict SARS-CoV-2 test results with an accuracy of 86% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Conclusion Machine learning methods can reliably predict a negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result using standard blood tests.

scholarly journals Report of a Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Positive Newborn after Delivery Despite Negative SARS-CoV-2 Testing on Both Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. e80-e83
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Harding ◽  
Farha Vora
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Potential Case ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Negative Material

AbstractWe present a case of a term infant born to an asymptomatic mother at a community hospital who required transfer to a local neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) immediately after birth for respiratory distress. The infant was tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at 24 hours of life by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing due to the absence of prenatal maternal COVID-19 testing and was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 at that time. A second RT-PCR test was obtained on the infant on day of life (DOL) 4 and was also positive, confirming an accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 disease in the infant. Both the mother and father remained asymptomatic and concomitantly tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 on two separate occasions. The infant subsequently clinically improved and was discharged without any complications. This case raises the potential concern for two unreported newborn issues related to COVID-19. First, the potential unreliability of negative maternal COVID-19 testing surrounding the time of delivery as it relates to routine newborn testing and isolation needs, and second, if the negative material testing was accurate, this raises the concern for a potential case of nosocomial COVID-19 infection within the first 24 hours of life.

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