scholarly journals Effectiveness of dog rabies vaccination programmes: comparison of owner-charged and free vaccination campaigns

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1558-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DURR ◽  
R. MINDEKEM ◽  
Y. KANINGA ◽  
D. DOUMAGOUM MOTO ◽  
M. I. MELTZER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Campaign Cost ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

SUMMARYWe investigated the percentage of dogs that could be vaccinated against rabies by conducting a pilot campaign in N'Djaména, Chad. Owners were charged US$4.13 per dog vaccinated, and 24% of all dogs in the three city districts covered by the campaign were vaccinated. Total campaign costs were US$7623, resulting in an average of US$19.40 per vaccinated dog. This is five times more expensive than the cost per animal vaccinated during a previous free vaccination campaign for dog-owners, conducted in the same districts. The free campaign, which vaccinated 2605 more dogs than this campaign, cost an additional US$1.45 per extra dog vaccinated. Campaigns in which owners are charged for vaccinations result in lower vaccination rates than in free campaigns. Public health officials can use these results when evaluating the costs and benefits of subsidizing dog rabies vaccination programmes.

Ethical Considerations and Practical Implications in Romanian Covid-19 Vaccination Campaign

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Petru Sandu ◽  
◽  
Maria Aluaș ◽  
Răzvan M. Cherecheș ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

"Besides its undoubtable significant contribution to morbidity and mortality worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has had numerous political, social, economic, and public health implications. Vaccination, an already long debated public health ethics theme, has reoccurred in force, as the efforts of the scientific community to curb the pandemic resulted in a viable vaccine less than one year since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. High-level, international negotiations dictated states’ COVID-19 vaccine availability in the first few months, therefore each national Government had to develop and deploy vaccination campaigns prioritizing certain population categories. This paper aims to present Romanian COVID-19 vaccination campaign, from its inception to the present days, by focusing on the ethical considerations (e.g. prioritization, coercion, non-discrimination) and their practical implications ( e.g. vaccination hesitancy, rates, fake news). Like most countries in the European Community, Romania has initially adopted a Rawlsian approach to vaccination, prioritizing the older adults and the individuals with chronic conditions. However, unlike other European countries, coercion was not considered in any form (e.g. extended mobility facilities for the vaccinated), more recently incentives such as food vouchers being discussed. The impact of these decisions on the vaccination rates and hesitancy are discussed in the context of other European countries examples of vaccination campaigns. "

scholarly journals Wildlife and Bait Density Monitoring to Describe the Effectiveness of a Rabies Vaccination Program in Foxes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Paolo Tizzani ◽  
Angela Fanelli ◽  
Carsten Potzsch ◽  
Joerg Henning ◽  
Srdjan Šašić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Fox ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Density Data ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Time Evaluation ◽  
Rabies Vaccination ◽  
Wildlife Reservoir

Fox rabies has been eliminated from vast areas of West and Central Europe, but cases still occur in the Balkans. Oral vaccination is an effective method for reducing the incidence of the disease in wildlife, but it requires monitoring if bait density is adequate for the density of the wildlife reservoir. We developed a methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of aerial vaccination campaigns conducted in Montenegro during autumn 2011 and spring 2012. The effectiveness of the vaccination campaign was assessed by (i) estimating the density of baits, (ii) estimating the distribution of the red fox, (iii) identifying critical areas of insufficient bait density by combining both variables. Although the two vaccination campaigns resulted in 45% and 47% of the country’s total area not reaching recommended density of 20 baits/km2, the consecutive delivery of both campaigns reduced these “gaps” to 6%. By combining bait and reservoir density data, we were able to show that bait density was lower than fox density in only 5% of Montenegro’s territory. The methodology described can be used for real-time evaluation of aerial vaccine delivery campaigns, to identify areas with insufficient bait densities.

Voluntary to Mandatory: Evolution of Strategies and Attitudes toward Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Personnel

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Quan ◽  
David M. Tehrani ◽  
Linda Dickey ◽  
Eugene Spiritus ◽  
Denise Hizon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Hospital Policies ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Background.Assessing the relative success of serial strategies for increasing healthcare personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination rates is important to guide hospital policies to increase vaccine uptake.Objective.To evaluate serial campaigns that include a mandatory HCP vaccination policy and to describe HCP attitudes toward vaccination and reasons for declination.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Methods.We assessed the impact of serial vaccination campaigns on the proportions of HCP who received influenza vaccination during die 2006–2011 influenza seasons. In addition, declination data over these 5 seasons and a 2007 survey of HCP attitudes toward vaccination were collected.Results.HCP influenza vaccination rates increased from 44.0% (2,863 of 6,510 HCP) to 62.9% (4,037 of 6,414 HCP) after institution of mobile carts, mandatory declination, and peer-to-peer vaccination efforts. Despite maximal attempts to improve accessibility and convenience, 27.2% (66 of 243) of die surveyed HCP were unwilling to wait more than 10 minutes for a free influenza vaccination, and 23.3% (55 of 236) would be indifferent if they were unable to be vaccinated. In this context, institution of a mandatory vaccination campaign requiring unvaccinated HCP to mask during the influenza season increased rates of compliance to over 90% and markedly reduced the proportion of HCP who declined vaccination as a result of preference.Conclusions.A mandatory influenza vaccination program for HCP was essential to achieving high vaccination rates, despite years of intensive vaccination campaigns focused on increasing accessibility and convenience. Mandatory vaccination policies appear to successfully capture a large portion of HCP who are not opposed to receipt of die vaccine but who have not made vaccination a priority.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(1):63-70

scholarly journals Development of a high number, high coverage dog rabies vaccination programme in Sri Lanka.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Sánchez Soriano ◽  
Andrew D. Gibson ◽  
Luke Gamble ◽  
Jordana L. Burdon Bailey ◽  
Samantha Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Static Point ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

Abstract Background: Rabies is estimated to cause 59,000 deaths and economic losses of 8.6 billion USD every year. Despite several years of rabies surveillance and awareness programmes, increased availability of post-exposure prophylaxis vaccinations and dog population control, the disease still remains prevalent in Sri Lanka. This study reports the development and roll-out of a high number, high coverage canine rabies vaccination campaign in Sri Lanka, providing estimates for the vaccination coverage achieved, analysing the local dog demographics, and identifying barriers of attendance to static vaccination clinics. Methods: A mass dog vaccination campaign was undertaken in Negombo, Sri Lanka. The campaign was composed of static point and door-to-door vaccination stages, with a final survey of vaccination coverage. A large volume of data on the distribution, health, and signalment of vaccinated dogs was collected through a mobile phone application. A logistic regression model was developed to investigate which socio-spatial and dog-related factors influenced attendance of owners to static vaccination points. Results: The campaign vaccinated over 7,800 dogs achieving a vaccination coverage of 75.8%. A dog:human ratio of 1:17 was estimated. Most dogs were owned, and the dog population was mostly male, adult, and non-sterilized. Unawareness, unavailability and handling problems were the most common reasons given by owners to explain failure to attend a static vaccination point. The regression analysis showed that increasing distance to a static point, in addition to young age and poor health of the dog, were associated with a decrease in the likelihood of attendance to a static vaccination points. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of high number, high coverage vaccination campaigns in Sri Lanka. The information on dog ecology and barriers of attendance to a static point vaccination clinic will facilitate development of future vaccination campaigns.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH NUMBER, HIGH COVERAGE DOG RABIES VACCINATION PROGRAMME IN SRI LANKA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Sánchez Soriano ◽  
Andrew D. Gibson ◽  
Luke Gamble ◽  
Jordana L. Burdon Bailey ◽  
Samantha Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Static Point ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

Abstract Background: Rabies is estimated to cause 59,000 deaths and economic losses of 8.6 billion USD every year. Despite several years of rabies surveillance and awareness programmes, increased availability of post-exposure prophylaxis vaccinations and dog population control, the disease still remains prevalent in Sri Lanka. This study reports the development and roll-out of a high number, high coverage canine rabies vaccination campaign in Sri Lanka, providing estimates for the vaccination coverage achieved, analysing the local dog demographics, and identifying barriers of attendance to static vaccination clinics. Methods: A mass dog vaccination campaign was undertaken in Negombo, Sri Lanka. The campaign was composed of static point and door-to-door vaccination stages, with a final survey of vaccination coverage. A large volume of data on the distribution, health, and signalment of vaccinated dogs was collected through a mobile phone application. A logistic regression model was developed to investigate which socio-spatial and dog-related factors influenced attendance of owners to static vaccination points. Results: The campaign vaccinated over 7,800 dogs achieving a vaccination coverage of 75.8%. A dog:human ratio of 1:17 was estimated. Most dogs were owned, and the dog population was mostly male, adult, and non-sterilized. Unawareness, unavailability and handling problems were the most common reasons given by owners to explain failure to attend a static vaccination point. The regression analysis showed that increasing distance to a static point, in addition to young age and poor health of the dog, were associated with a decrease in the likelihood of attendance to a static vaccination points. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of high number, high coverage vaccination campaigns in Sri Lanka. The information on dog ecology and barriers of attendance to a static point vaccination clinic will facilitate development of future vaccination campaigns.

Culture and COVID-19 Casualties: Public Health Through the Lens of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Wang ◽  
Cesar Bandera ◽  
Zhipeng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Culture Dimensions ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Hofstede’s Culture Dimensions (HCD) are the most prevalent metrics with which social scientists distinguish cultural differences between countries. In this study, we examine the relationships between HCD and the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we investigate how differences in COVID-19 infection, death and recovery between countries correlate with differences in individualism (IDV), indulgence (IVR) and power distance index (PDI). OBJECTIVE The paper explores the relationship between certain Hofstede’s Culture Dimensions and COVID-19 statistics. METHODS We used multiple linear regressions to interpret statistical and economic significances. RESULTS IDV is found to be significantly associated with death rate and recovery rate globally, while IVR and PDI do not seem to be significantly relevant. None of the three dimensions are significantly related to the global infection rate. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for the design of public health campaigns on preventing COVID-19 infection and compliance with vaccination campaigns. Some practical strategies have been proposed for public health officials to help mitigate COVID 19 spread. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

Predictive Modeling of Vaccination Uptake in U.S. Counties: A Machine Learning-based Approach (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Queena Cheong ◽  
Martin Au-yeung ◽  
Stephanie Quon ◽  
Katsy Concepcion ◽  
Jude Dzevela Kong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Vaccination Uptake ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
The U.S

BACKGROUND While the COVID-19 pandemic has left an unprecedented impact globally, countries such as the United States of America have reported the most significant incidence of COVID-19 cases worldwide. Within the U.S., various sociodemographic factors have played an essential role in the creation of regional disparities. Regional disparities have resulted in the unequal spread of disease between U.S. counties, underscoring the need for efficient and accurate predictive modelling strategies to inform public health officials and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. Furthermore, despite the widespread accessibility of COVID-19 vaccines across the U.S., vaccination rates have become stagnant, necessitating predictive modelling to identify important factors impacting vaccination uptake. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between sociodemographic factors and vaccine uptake across counties in the U.S. METHODS Sociodemographic data on fully vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were sourced from several online databases, such as the U.S. Centre for Disease Control and U.S. Census Bureau COVID-19 Site. Machine learning analysis was performed using XGBoost and sociodemographic data. RESULTS Our model predicted COVID-19 vaccination uptake across U.S. countries with 59% accuracy. In addition, it identified location, education, ethnicity, and income as the most critical sociodemographic features in predicting vaccination uptake in U.S. counties. Lastly, the model produced a choropleth demonstrating areas of low and high vaccination rates, which can be used by healthcare authorities in future pandemics to visualize and prioritize areas of low vaccination and design targeted vaccination campaigns. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that sociodemographic characteristics are predictors of vaccine uptake rate across counties in the U.S. and if leveraged appropriately can assist policy makers and public health officials to understand vaccine uptake rates and craft policies to improve them.

scholarly journals In Vaccines We Trust? The Effects of the CIA’s Vaccine Ruse on Immunization in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Martinez-Bravo ◽  
Andreas Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Osama Bin Laden ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Abstract In July 2011, the Pakistani public learnt that the CIA had used a vaccination campaign as cover to capture Osama Bin Laden. The Taliban leveraged on this information and launched an anti-vaccine propaganda campaign to discredit vaccines and vaccination workers. We evaluate the effects of these events on immunization by implementing a Difference-in-Differences strategy across cohorts and districts. We find that vaccination rates declined between 23% and 39% in districts in the 90th percentile of Islamist support relative to those in the 10th percentile. These results suggest that information discrediting vaccination campaigns can negatively affect trust in health services and demand for immunization.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the first six months of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Gozzi ◽  
Matteo Chinazzi ◽  
Jessica T. Davis ◽  
Kunpeng Mu ◽  
Ana Pastore y Piontti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Allocation Strategies

We analyze the effectiveness of the first six months of vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 in Italy by using a computational epidemic model which takes into account demographic, mobility, vaccines, as well as estimates of the introduction and spreading of the more transmissible Alpha variant. We consider six sub-national regions and study the effect of vaccines in terms of number of averted deaths, infections, and reduction in the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR) with respect to counterfactual scenarios with the actual non-pharmaceuticals interventions but no vaccine administration. Furthermore, we compare the effectiveness in counterfactual scenarios with different vaccines allocation strategies and vaccination rates. Our results show that, as of 2021/07/05, vaccines averted 29,350 (IQR: [16,454-42,826]) deaths and 4,256,332 (IQR: [1,675,564-6,980,070]) infections and a new pandemic wave in the country. During the same period, they achieved a -22.2% (IQR: [-31.4%; -13.9%]) reduction in the IFR. We show that a campaign that would have strictly prioritized age groups at higher risk of dying from COVID-19, besides frontline workers, would have implied additional benefits both in terms of avoided fatalities and reduction in the IFR. Strategies targeting the most active age groups would have prevented a higher number of infections but would have been associated with more deaths. Finally, we study the effects of different vaccination intake scenarios by rescaling the number of available doses in the time period under study to those administered in other countries of reference. The modeling framework can be applied to other countries to provide a mechanistic characterization of vaccination campaigns worldwide.

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