SporadicSalmonella entericaserotype Javiana infections in Georgia and Tennessee: a hypothesis-generating study

SUMMARYFrom 1996 to 2004, the incidence ofSalmonellaJaviana infections increased in FoodNet, the U.S. national active foodborne disease surveillance programme. Contact with amphibians and consumption of tomatoes have been associated with outbreaks ofS. Javiana infection. To generate and test hypotheses about risk factors associated with sporadicS. Javiana infections, we interviewed patients with laboratory-confirmedS. Javiana infection identified in Georgia and Tennessee during August–October 2004. We collected data on food and water consumption, animal contact, and environmental exposure from cases. Responses were compared with population-based survey exposure data. Seventy-two of 117 identifiedS. Javiana case-patients were interviewed. Consumption of well water [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4·3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·6–11·2] and reptile or amphibian contact (aOR 2·6, 95% CI 0·9–7·1) were associated with infection. Consumption of tomatoes (aOR 0·5, 95% CI 0·3–0·9) and poultry (aOR 0·5, 95% CI 0·2–1·0) were protective. Our study suggests that environmental factors are associated withS. Javiana infections in Georgia and Tennessee.

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Readmission after Adult Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: A Population-Based Inpatient Cohort Study in Taiwan

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599818813337 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 160 (3) ◽

pp. 559-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ying-Shuo Hsu ◽

Wei-Chung Hsu ◽

Jenq-Yuh Ko ◽

Te-Huei Yeh ◽

Chia-Hsuan Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Risk Of Bleeding ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

Insurance Database ◽

Population Based Survey

Objective To investigate readmissions among adult inpatients who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in Taiwan. Design Population-based survey. Setting Retrospective study with the National Health Insurance Database. Methods All cases of inpatient adult UPPP (age >20 years) from 1997 to 2012 were identified through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Factors associated with readmission within 30 days after surgery were analyzed. Results A total of 38,839 adults with UPPP were identified (mean age, 39.3 years; men, 73.7%). The incidence of UPPP was 14.6 per 100 000 adults, which increased from 1997 to 2012 (6.7 to 16.7 per 100,000, Ptrend < .001). The rates of readmission for any reason, readmission for bleeding, reoperation for bleeding, and 30-day mortality were 4.2%, 1.7%, 1.0%, and 0.14%, respectively. Young age increased the risk of reoperation for bleeding, and old age increased the risk of readmission for any reason and mortality. Men had an increased risk of readmission and reoperation. Hypertension was associated with an increased risk of readmission for any reason (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10-1.51), bleeding-related readmission (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.52-2.36), and reoperation (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.84-3.30). Concurrent hypopharyngeal surgery was associated with an increased risk of readmission for any reason (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.66) and bleeding-related readmission (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.25-2.27). Finally, the use of steroids was associated with an increased risk of bleeding-related readmission and reoperation. Conclusions The incidence of adult UPPP increased from 1997 to 2012 in Taiwan. Age, sex, comorbidity, concurrent hypopharyngeal surgery, and drug administration were associated with readmission after inpatient UPPP.

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SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a high-altitude setting in Peru: adult population-based cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12149

Author(s):

Charles Huamaní ◽

Lucio Velásquez ◽

Sonia Montes ◽

Ana Mayanga-Herrera ◽

Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Adult Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Ecological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

San Sebastian ◽

Population Based Survey

Background There are several ecological studies, but few studies of the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 at high altitude. We aimed to estimate the population-based seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 in three settings of Cusco at the end of the first wave among adults. Methods A population-based survey was conducted in September 2020, in three settings in the region of Cusco: (1) Cusco city at 3,300 meters above the sea level (m.a.s.l.), (2) the periphery of Cusco (Santiago, San Jerónimo, San Sebastián, and Wanchaq) at 3,300 m.a.s.l., and (3) Quillabamba city, located at 1,050 m.a.s.l. People aged ≥ 18 years within a family unit were included. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was based on identifying anti- SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies (IgM and IgG) in serum using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 chemiluminescence test. Results We enrolled 1924 participants from 712 families. Of the total, 637 participants were anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Seroprevalence was 38.8% (95% CI [33.4%–44.9%]) in Cusco city, 34.9% (95% CI [30.4%–40.1%]) in the periphery of Cusco, and 20.3% (95% CI [16.2%–25.6%]) in Quillabamba. In 141 families (19.8%; 95% CI [17.0%–22.8%]) the whole members were positive to the test. Living with more than three persons in the same house, a positive COVID-19 case at home, and a member who died in the last five months were factors associated with SARS-COV-2 seropositivity. Dysgeusia/dysosmia was the symptom most associated with seropositivity (aPR = 2.74, 95% CI [2.41–3.12]); whereas always wearing a face shield (aPR = 0. 73; 95% CI [0.60–0.89]) or a facial mask (aPR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.63–0. 92) reduced that probability. Conclusions A great proportion of Cusco’s city inhabitants presented anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the end of the first wave, with significant differences between settings. Wearing masks and face shields were associated with lower rate of seropositivity; however, efforts must be made to sustain them over time since there is still a high proportion of susceptible people.

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Polypharmacy and Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetes in Older Individuals: A Population-Based Study in Quebec, Canada

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy7040161 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Marie-Eve Gagnon ◽

Caroline Sirois ◽

Marc Simard ◽

Céline Plante

Keyword(s):

Disease Surveillance ◽

Population Level ◽

Population Based ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Hypoglycemic Agents ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Lipid Lowering Agents

Our objectives were to describe the use of pharmacological treatments in older adults with diabetes and to identify the factors associated with the use of a combination of hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agents. Using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System, we conducted a population-based cohort study among individuals aged 66–75 years with diabetes in 2014–2015. We described the number of medications and the classes of medications used and calculated the proportion of individuals using at least one medication from each of these classes: hypoglycemics, antihypertensives and lipid-lowering agents. We identified the factors associated with the use of this combination of treatments by performing robust Poisson regressions. The 146,710 individuals used an average of 12 (SD 7) different medications, mostly cardiovascular (91.3% of users), hormones, including hypoglycemic agents (84.5%), and central nervous system medications (79.8%). The majority of individuals (59%) were exposed to the combination of treatments and the factor most strongly associated was the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities (RR: 1.29; 99% CI: 1.28–1.31). Older individuals with diabetes are exposed to a large number of medications. While the use of the combination of treatments is significant and could translate into cardiovascular benefits at the population level, the potential risk associated with polypharmacy needs to be documented.

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Factors Associated With Health Service Utilization in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: A Population-Based Survey

Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.2188/jea.je20120123 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 320-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amarsanaa Gan-Yadam ◽

Ryoji Shinohara ◽

Yuka Sugisawa ◽

Emiko Tanaka ◽

Taeko Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Service ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Health Service Utilization ◽

Population Based ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Population Based Survey

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Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Fecal Incontinence: Results From a Population-Based Survey

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 154 (6) ◽

pp. 1672-1681.e3 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Stacy B. Menees ◽

Christopher V. Almario ◽

Brennan M.R. Spiegel ◽

William D. Chey

Keyword(s):

Fecal Incontinence ◽

Population Based ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Population Based Survey

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Factors Associated with Salmonella Prevalence on Pork Carcasses in Very Small Abattoirs in Wisconsin

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-72.4.714 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 714-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. J. ALGINO ◽

G. A. BADTRAM ◽

B. H. INGHAM ◽

S. C. INGHAM

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Wash Water ◽

Plate Count ◽

Processing Conditions ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Percent Relative Humidity ◽

Aerobic Plate Count ◽

Chilled Pork ◽

The U.S

The U.S. Department of Agriculture has expressed concern over Salmonella prevalence on pork carcasses. Our objectives were to survey the prevalence of Salmonella on pork carcasses in very small Wisconsin abattoirs, and identify processing conditions and indicator bacteria levels associated with reduced Salmonella prevalence. During April to July 2007, sponge samples were obtained from 181 pork carcasses at 10 Wisconsin abattoirs before carcass washing (carcass half A), and after washing and chilling and before fabrication (carcass half B). Each sample was categorized by whether the carcass was skinned, by wash-water temperature (7 to 43°C), and the duration (1 or 2 days), temperature, and percent relative humidity of chilling. Sponge samples were analyzed qualitatively for Salmonella and quantitatively for Escherichia coli, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and aerobic plate count (APC). Salmonella prevalences on skinned and unskinned prewash carcasses were 11.7 and 8.3%, respectively. Corresponding values for chilled carcasses were 32.0 and 19.5% for 1-day chilled carcasses, and 11.4 and 14.7% for 2-day chilled carcasses. Lower Salmonella prevalence on prewash carcasses was significantly related to lower prewash carcass APC levels (odds ratio = 7.8 per change of 1.0 log CFU/cm2), while lower Salmonella prevalence on chilled carcasses was significantly related to 2-day chilling (odds ratio = 5.2), and chilled-carcass levels of coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and APC (odds ratio = 1.5 to 1.9 per change of 1.0 log CFU/cm2). Salmonella prevalence on chilled pork carcasses in very small Wisconsin plants could be reduced by chilling carcasses 2 days before fabrication and improving carcass-handling hygiene.

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Association between marital status and insomnia-related symptoms: findings from a population-based survey in Japan

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz119 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yumi Kawata ◽

Mitsuya Maeda ◽

Tomoyo Sato ◽

Koutatsu Maruyama ◽

Hiroo Wada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Family Members ◽

Married Couples ◽

Population Based ◽

Married Women ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Sleep Sex ◽

Socio Economic Factors ◽

Population Based Survey

Abstract Background Marital status is one of the socio-economic factors associated with health. Several studies have indicated a significant association between marital status and insomnia. The increases in the percentages of unmarried people in Japan are expected to produce a significant impact on insomnia. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between marital status and insomnia. Methods The participants were 35 288 people aged 30–59 years selected from the 2010 comprehensive survey of living conditions. We categorized marital status into five groups: single, married couples living with other family members, married couples living without other family members, widowed and divorced. Insomnia-related symptoms (IRS) were based on the participants who chose the answer, ‘I couldn’t sleep’. Sex-specific multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of IRS according to marital status were calculated using the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results The proportions of people with IRS were 2.5% in men and 2.8% in women. The multivariable ORs (95% CI) were 1.15 (0.89–1.49) for single, 1.69 (1.11–2.58) for divorced and 1.01 (0.73–1.39) for married couples living without other family members in men, and 1.56 (1.20–2.03) for single, 2.43 (1.83–3.22) for divorced and 1.31 (1.01–1.71) for married couples living without other family members in women. Conclusions We found divorced men and single, divorced and married women living without other family members had higher IRS than those who were married couples living with other family members in Japanese. This association was more evident in unemployed men.

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Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBloodstream Coinfection Among Adults With Candidemia in Atlanta, GA, 2008–2012

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2015.185 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 1298-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jessica Reno ◽

Saumil Doshi ◽

Amy K. Tunali ◽

Betsy Stein ◽

Monica M. Farley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Medical Records ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Population Based ◽

Emerging Infections ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Active Population ◽

Invasive Infections

BACKGROUNDPatients with candidemia are at risk for other invasive infections, such as methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) bloodstream infection (BSI).OBJECTIVETo identify the risk factors for, and outcomes of, BSI in adults withCandidaspp. and MRSA at the same time or nearly the same time.DESIGNPopulation-based cohort study.SETTINGMetropolitan Atlanta, March 1, 2008, through November 30, 2012.PATIENTSAll residents withCandidaspp. or MRSA isolated from blood.METHODSThe Georgia Emerging Infections Program conducts active, population-based surveillance for candidemia and invasive MRSA. Medical records for patients with incident candidemia were reviewed to identify cases of MRSA coinfection, defined as incident MRSA BSI 30 days before or after candidemia. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with coinfection in patients with candidemia.RESULTSAmong 2,070 adult candidemia cases, 110 (5.3%) had coinfection within 30 days. Among these 110 coinfections, MRSA BSI usually preceded candidemia (60.9%; n=67) or occurred on the same day (20.0%; n=22). The incidence of coinfection per 100,000 population decreased from 1.12 to 0.53 between 2009 and 2012, paralleling the decreased incidence of all MRSA BSIs and candidemia. Thirty-day mortality was similarly high between coinfection cases and candidemia alone (45.2% vs 36.0%,P=.10). Only nursing home residence (odds ratio, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.03–2.86]) predicted coinfection.CONCLUSIONSA small but important proportion of patients with candidemia have MRSA coinfection, suggesting that heightened awareness is warranted after 1 major BSI pathogen is identified. Nursing home residents should be targeted in BSI prevention efforts.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;36(11):1298–1304

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