Risk factors for indigenousCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliinfections in The Netherlands: a case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
pp. 1391-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. DOORDUYN ◽  
W. E. VAN DEN BRANDHOF ◽  
Y. T. H. P. VAN DUYNHOVEN ◽  
B. J. BREUKINK ◽  
J. A. WAGENAAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYA case-control study comprising 1315Campylobacter jejunicases, 121Campylobacter colicases and 3409 frequency-matched controls was conducted in The Netherlands in 2002–2003. Risk factors for bothC. jejuniandC. colienteritis were consumption of undercooked meat and barbecued meat, ownership of cats and use of proton pump inhibitors. Consumption of chicken was a predominant risk factor forC. jejunienteritis, but many additional risk factors were identified. Unique risk factors forC. coliinfections were consumption of game and tripe, and swimming. Contact with farm animals and persons with gastroenteritis were predominant risk factors forC. jejunienteritis in young children (0–4 years). Important risk factors for the elderly (⩾60 years) were eating in a restaurant, use of proton pump inhibitors and having a chronic intestinal illness. Consumption of chicken in spring, steak tartare in autumn and winter and barbecued meat in rural areas showed strong associations withC. jejuniinfections. This study illustrates that important differences in risk factors exist for differentCampylobacterspp. and these may differ dependent on age, season or degree of urbanization.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Secondary Infections in Severe and Critical Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Jingchao Cao ◽  
Peishan Cai ◽  
Baoxia Shi ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Severe patients hospitalized with COVID-19 suffered secondary infections which greatly increased the length of hospital stay and the mortality. We aimed to explore risk factors of secondary infections that can help clinicians early implement preventive measures to dispose of severe and critical inpatients with COVID-19.Methods: A case-control study enrolled 238 severe and critical patients with COVID-19. Characteristics of cases and controls were compared.Results: Severity of illness on admission, ICU admission, ventilator, central venous catheterization were common in the cases, however almost none of these factors was observed in the controls. Multivariable regression showed risk factors of secondary infections included male (OR 4.08; 95% CI 1.58-10.50), age 65 or older (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.25-7.76), heart diseases (OR 3.96; 95% CI 1.40-11.27), hypoproteinemia on admission (OR 6.41; 95% CI 1.65-24.92) and corticosteroids (OR 19.83; 95% CI 7.3-53.55) and proton-pump inhibitors (OR 3.96; 95% CI 1.51-10.37).Conclusions: male, older age, heart diseases, hypoproteinemia, corticosteroid and proton-pump inhibitors were independent risk factors of secondary infections. Inpatients needing ICU admission and invasive devices still need to be given optimal cares and to be minimized the duration.

scholarly journals Association of proton pump inhibitors and concomitant drugs with risk of acute kidney injury: a nested case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041543
Author(s):  
Keiko Ikuta ◽  
Shunsaku Nakagawa ◽  
Kenji Momo ◽  
Atsushi Yonezawa ◽  
Kotaro Itohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess whether the combined use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or antibiotics (penicillins, macrolides, cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones) was associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).DesignA nested case–control study.SettingA health insurance claims database constructed by the Japan Medical Data Center.ParticipantsPatients were eligible if they were prescribed a PPI, NSAID and antibiotic at least once between January 2005 and June 2017. The patients who were new PPI users and did not have any history of renal diseases before cohort entry were included (n=219 082). The mean age was 45 and 44% were women.InterventionsCurrent use of PPIs, NSAIDs, or antibiotics.Primary outcome measuresAcute kidney injury.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 2.4 (SD, 1.7) years, 317 cases of AKI were identified (incidence rate of 6.1/10 000 person-years). The current use of PPIs was associated with a higher risk of AKI compared with past PPI use (unadjusted OR, 4.09; 95% CI, 3.09 to 5.44). The unadjusted ORs of AKI for the current use of PPIs with NSAIDs, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, compared with the current use of PPIs alone, were 3.92 (95% CI, 2.40 to 6.52), 2.57 (1.43 to 4.62) and 3.08 (1.50 to 6.38), respectively. The effects of concurrent use of PPIs with NSAIDs, cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones remain significant in the adjusted model. The analyses on absolute risk of AKI confirmed the results from the nested case–control study.ConclusionsConcomitant use of NSAIDs with PPIs significantly increased the risk for AKI. Moreover, the results suggested that concomitant use of cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones with PPIs was associated with increased risk of incident AKI.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis in the Netherlands: Analysis of a 3-Year Population Based Case-Control Study Coupled With Genotyping, 2013–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (7) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Nic Lochlainn ◽  
Jussi Sane ◽  
Barbara Schimmer ◽  
Sofie Mooij ◽  
Jeroen Roelfsema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Proton pump inhibitors are not associated with inflammatory myopathies: A case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-857
Author(s):  
Thomas Khoo ◽  
Gillian E. Caughey ◽  
Catherine Hill ◽  
Vidya Limaye
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Out-of-Hospital Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Hypomagnesemia at Hospital Admission: A Nested Case-Control Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Koulouridis ◽  
Mansour Alfayez ◽  
Hocine Tighiouart ◽  
Nicolaos E. Madias ◽  
David M. Kent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hospital Use

scholarly journals Risk factors for Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium (DT104 and non-DT104) infections in The Netherlands: predominant roles for raw eggs in Enteritidis and sandboxes in Typhimurium infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. DOORDUYN ◽  
W. E. VAN DEN BRANDHOF ◽  
Y. T. H. P. VAN DUYNHOVEN ◽  
W. J. B. WANNET ◽  
W. VAN PELT
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Frequency Matching ◽  
Infection Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Since 1996 Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 salmonellosis has increased in The Netherlands. This prompted a case-control study of risk factors for salmonellosis to inform transmission routes for this phage type. Cases were laboratory-confirmed patients with a Salmonella infection and controls were selected from population registries by frequency matching for age, sex, degree of urbanization and season. Cases and controls received a questionnaire on risk factors. Of the 1171 cases, 573 (49%) responded: 245 S. Enteritidis and 232 S. Typhimurium cases (both DT104 and non-DT104), of which 58 were DT104. Of the 10250 controls, 3409 (33%) responded. Use of H2 antagonists [odds ratio (OR) 4·4, 95% CI 1·6–12·2] and proton pump inhibitors (OR 4·2, 95% CI 2·2–7·9), consumption of raw eggs (OR 3·1, 95% CI 1·3–7·4) and products containing raw eggs (OR 1·8, 95% CI 1·1–3·0) were associated with endemic S. Enteritidis infection. Risk factors for endemic S. Typhimurium infection were use of proton pump inhibitors (OR 8·3, 95% CI 4·3–15·9), occupational exposure to raw meat (OR 3·0, 95% CI 1·1–7·9), playing in a sandbox (for children aged 4–12 years) (OR 2·4, 95% CI 1·6–3·7), consumption of undercooked meat (OR 2·2, 95% CI 1·1–4·1) and use of antibiotics (OR 1·9, 95% CI 1·0–3·4). Use of proton pump inhibitors (OR 11·2, 95% CI 3·9–31·9) and playing in a sandbox (OR 4·4, 95% CI 1·8–10·7) were the only risk factors for S. Typhimurium DT104 salmonellosis. This study confirms known risk factors for salmonellosis. However, playing in a sandbox was a predominant new risk factor for S. Typhimurium salmonellosis in children [population attributable risk (PAR) 14%], and especially for S. Typhimurium DT104 (PAR 32%).

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