frequency matching
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-494
Author(s):  
Bruce Hayes

In this review, I assess a variety of constraint-based formal frameworks that can treat variable phenomena, such as well-formedness intuitions, outputs in free variation, and lexical frequency-matching. The idea behind this assessment is that data in gradient linguistics fall into natural mathematical patterns, which I call quantitative signatures. The key signatures treated here are the sigmoid curve, going from zero to one probability, and the wug-shaped curve, which combines two or more sigmoids. I argue that these signatures appear repeatedly in linguistics, and I adduce examples from phonology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, phonetics, and language change. I suggest that the ability to generate these signatures is a trait that can help us choose between rival frameworks.


2022 ◽  
pp. 100329
Author(s):  
Yufei Ma ◽  
Yinqiu Hu ◽  
Shunda Qiao ◽  
Ziting Lang ◽  
Xiaonan Liu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2021-211266
Author(s):  
Nicklaus P Ashburn ◽  
Anna C Snavely ◽  
Brandon R Allen ◽  
Robert H Christenson ◽  
David M Herrington ◽  
...  

BackgroundPrior studies suggest monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) may be useful for risk stratifying ED patients with chest pain. We hypothesise that MCP-1 will be predictive of 90-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in non-low-risk patients.MethodsA case–control study was nested within a prospective multicentre cohort (STOP-CP), which enrolled adult patients being evaluated for acute coronary syndrome at eight US EDs from 25 January 2017 to 06 September 2018. Patients with a History, ECG, Age, and Risk factor score (HEAR score) ≥4 or coronary artery disease (CAD), a non-ischaemic ECG, and non-elevated contemporary troponins at 0 and 3 hours were included. Cases were patients with 90-day MACE (all-cause death, myocardial infarction or revascularisation). Controls were patients without MACE selected with frequency matching using age, sex, race, and HEAR score or the presence of CAD. Serum MCP-1 was measured. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for cut-off points of 194 pg/mL, 200 pg/mL, 238 pg/mL and 281 pg/mL. Logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, race, and HEAR score/presence of CAD was used to determine the association between MCP-1 and 90-day MACE. A separate logistic model also included high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTnT).ResultsAmong 40 cases and 179 controls, there was no difference in age (p=0.90), sex (p=1.00), race (p=0.85), or HEAR score/presence of CAD (p=0.89). MCP-1 was similar in cases (median 191.9 pg/mL, IQR: 161.8–260.1) and controls (median 196.6 pg/mL, IQR: 163.0–261.1) (p=0.48). At a cut-off point of 194 pg/mL, MCP-1 was 50.0% (95% CI 33.8% to 66.2%) sensitive and 46.9% (95% CI 39.4% to 54.5%) specific for 90-day MACE. After adjusting for covariates, MCP-1 was not associated with 90-day MACE at any cut-off point (at 194 pg/mL, OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.79)). When including hs-cTnT in the model, MCP-1 was not associated with 90-day MACE at any cut-off point (at 194 pg/mL, OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.73)).ConclusionMCP-1 is not predictive of 90-day MACE in patients with non-low-risk chest pain.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259942
Author(s):  
Chao-Yu Hsu ◽  
Der-Shin Ke ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chia-Hung Kao

Purpose Infection, chronic pain and depression are considered risk factors for herpes zoster (HZ). However, the correlation between plantar fascial fibromatosis (PFF) and HZ remains unknown. This study investigated HZ risk in patients with PFF. Methods Data was extracted from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000, which is a subsample of the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database and contains 1 million NHI beneficiaries. Between 2000 and 2012, patients diagnosed as having PFF were included in the case cohort. Every case was age and sex-matched with individuals without PFF through 1:4 frequency matching (control cohort). The end of the follow-up was defined as December 31, 2013, the date of HZ diagnosis, death, emigration, or withdrawal from the NHI program. Results In total, 4,729 patients were diagnosed as having PFF and were matched with 18,916 individuals without PFF. Patients with PFF were 1.23 times more likely to develop HZ than were those without PFF. Among those aged ≥65 years, patients with PFF had a higher HZ risk than did those without PFF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.48). Men with PFF had a significantly higher risk of HZ than did men without PFF (aHR = 1.44). Conclusion Patients with PFF, particularly older and male patients, having a high HZ risk and may thus be vaccinated for HZ.


Author(s):  
Myles Ruether ◽  
Clinton A Potts ◽  
John P Davis ◽  
Lindsay Jane LeBlanc

Abstract Microwave cavity resonators are crucial components of many quantum technologies and are a promising platform for hybrid quantum systems, as their open architecture enables the integration of multiple subsystems inside the cavity volume. To support these subsystems within the cavity, auxiliary structures are often required, but the effects of these structures on the microwave cavity mode are difficult to predict due to a lack of a priori knowledge of the materials’ response in the microwave regime. Understanding these effects becomes even more important when frequency matching is critical and tuning is limited, for example, when matching microwave modes to atomic resonances. Here, we study the microwave cavity mode in the presence of three commonly-used machinable polymers, paying particular attention to the change in resonance and the dissipation of energy. We demonstrate how to use the derived dielectric coefficient and loss tangent parameters for cavity design in a test case, wherein we match a polymer-filled 3D microwave cavity to a hyperfine transition in rubidium.


2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunpeng Jia ◽  
Xiaohan Wang ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
Yihao Li ◽  
Xin Ni ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Rajat Chattopadhyay ◽  
Chitta Ranjan Mahata

Background: ‘Like cures like’ is the principle that is followed in homoeopathy. Substances which cause disorder in healthy individuals are used as medicines to treat similar patterns of disorder in sick persons. This article aims to find out whether any similarity picture exists at molecular level also that can make a selection of medicines based on scientifically measurable parameters. Method: It consisted of getting frequency domain signatures for the dielectric functions of (i) bio-fluids (blood serums) of six arthritis patients and (ii) medicines selected for them on the basis of macroscopic similarity. Then, they were compared to find existence/absence of similarity between them. Results: Medicines administered to the six patients were Rhus tox 200cH, Thuja 30cH, Medorrhinum 200cH. The dielectric loss at resonance for the bio-fluids of the patients and the medicines are given in the body of the article. Conclusion: It was observed that the patients who had beneficial results with their medicines have a similarity (resonance frequency matching) in spectral signatures of the two groups of substances i.e. bio-fluids (blood serum) of patients and the indicated remedies. This similarity was not evident in the cases where medicines failed to benefit the patients. These results are explorative and enthusiastic, but as the research is limited only to patients with arthritis, generalization could not be drawn. Further work with more rigor is required to establish the facts and apply generalizations to other disease condition. In future, this might be a new tool to integrate the fundamental research with clinical applications in homeopathy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Tsung Hsu ◽  
Chih-Da Wu ◽  
Mu-Chi Chung ◽  
Te-Chun Shen ◽  
Ting-Ju Lai ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the impact of traffic pollution on the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, using frequency matching and propensity scores, we explored the association between traffic pollution and COPD in a cohort of 8284 residents in a major agricultural county in Taiwan. Methods All subjects completed a structured questionnaire interview and health checkups. Subjects with COPD were identified using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Databases. A hybrid kriging/LUR model was used to identify levels of traffic-related air pollutants (PM2.5 and O3). Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate the prevalence ratios (PRs) of COPD and evaluate the role played by traffic-related indices between air pollutants and COPD. The distributed lag nonlinear model was applied in the analysis; we excluded current or ever smokers to perform the sensitivity analysis. Results Increased PRs of COPD per SD increment of PM2.5 were 1.10 (95% CI 1.05–1.15) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.13–1.40) in the population with age and sex matching as well as propensity-score matching, respectively. The results of the sensitivity analysis were similar between the single and two pollutant models. PM2.5 concentrations were significantly associated with traffic flow including sedans, buses, and trucks (p < 0.01). The higher road area and the higher PM2.5 concentrations near the subject’s residence correlated with a greater risk of developing COPD (p for interaction < 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggest that long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may be positively associated with the prevalence of COPD. Graphical abstract


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