scholarly journals Determinants of anti-hepatitis A antibody seroprevalence in 2- to 19-year-olds in the USA using NHANES 2007–2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. VELASCO-MONDRAGON ◽  
I. LINDONG ◽  
F. KAMANGAR
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration

SUMMARYThe aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology and determinants of anti-hepatitis A seroprevalence in 2- to 19-year-olds in the USA for 2007–2008. This study was conducted in a sample of 2621 individuals aged 2–19 years in the USA using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2008. The overall seroprevalence of anti- hepatitis A virus (HAV) in this population was 39% (95% confidence interval 32·6–45·3). HAV seroprevalence was higher in Mexican Americans than other ethnic groups, in younger persons, and in those who reported previous vaccination compared to those who did not. We concluded that anti-hepatitis A seroprevalence rates are increasing in younger individuals in the USA, indicating a shift of seroprevalence over time due to vaccination status. Findings are consistent with a persistent influx of infection through international travel and migration and highlight the need to discern hepatitis A infection from vaccination status when assessing the effectiveness of vaccination using seroprevalence data.

scholarly journals Vaccination Status of Alaska Native Persons With Hepatitis A Virus Infection—Alaska, 1996–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D Plumb ◽  
Prabhu P Gounder ◽  
Leisha D Nolen ◽  
Stephanie C Massay ◽  
Louisa Castrodale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Following increases in reported cases of hepatitis A, we assessed the impact of hepatitis A vaccine in Alaska Native persons. During 1996–2018, only 6 cases of hepatitis A were identified, all in unvaccinated adults. Populations can be protected against hepatitis A by achieving sufficient vaccination coverage over time.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the United States, 2007–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. e571-e579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoman Yin ◽  
Laurie Barker ◽  
Kathleen N Ly ◽  
Greta Kilmer ◽  
Monique A Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Despite national immunization efforts, including universal childhood hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination recommendations in 2006, hepatitis A virus (HAV)–associated outbreaks have increased in the United States. Unvaccinated or previously uninfected persons are susceptible to HAV infection, yet the susceptibility in the US population is not well known. Methods Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016 data, we estimated HAV susceptibility prevalence (total HAV antibody negative) among persons aged ≥2 years. Among US-born adults aged ≥20 years, we examined prevalence, predictors, and age-adjusted trends of HAV susceptibility by sociodemographic characteristics. We assessed HAV susceptibility and self-reported nonvaccination to HepA among risk groups and the “immunization cohort” (those born in or after 2004). Results Among US-born adults aged ≥20 years, HAV susceptibility prevalence was 74.1% (95% confidence interval, 72.9–75.3%) during 2007–2016. Predictors of HAV susceptibility were age group 30–49 years, non-Hispanic white/black, 130% above the poverty level, and no health insurance. Prevalences of HAV susceptibility and nonvaccination to HepA, respectively, were 72.9% and 73.1% among persons who reported injection drug use, 67.5% and 65.2% among men who had sex with men, 55.2% and 75.1% among persons with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, and 22.6% and 25.9% among the immunization cohort. Susceptibility and nonvaccination decreased over time among the immunization cohort but remained stable among risk groups. Conclusions During 2007–2016, approximately three-fourths of US-born adults remained HAV susceptible. Enhanced vaccination efforts are critically needed, particularly targeting adults at highest risk for HAV infection, to mitigate the current outbreaks.

The contribution of subsidized food commodities to total energy intake among US adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1348-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R Siegel ◽  
Kai McKeever Bullard ◽  
Mohammed K Ali ◽  
Aryeh D Stein ◽  
Henry S Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Percentile Score ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Total Food ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Food Commodities

AbstractObjectiveThe contribution of subsidized food commodities to total food consumption is unknown. We estimated the proportion of individual energy intake from food commodities receiving the largest subsidies from 1995 to 2010 (corn, soyabeans, wheat, rice, sorghum, dairy and livestock).DesignIntegrating information from three federal databases (MyPyramid Equivalents, Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities, and What We Eat in America) with data from the 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we computed a Subsidy Score representing the percentage of total energy intake from subsidized commodities. We examined the score’s distribution and the probability of having a ‘high’ (≥70th percentile) v. ‘low’ (≤30th percentile) score, across the population and subgroups, using multivariate logistic regression.SettingCommunity-dwelling adults in the USA.SubjectsParticipants (n 11 811) aged 18–64 years.ResultsMedian Subsidy Score was 56·7 % (interquartile range 47·2–65·4 %). Younger, less educated, poorer, and Mexican Americans had higher scores. After controlling for covariates, age, education and income remained independently associated with the score: compared with individuals aged 55–64 years, individuals aged 18–24 years had a 50 % higher probability of having a high score (P<0·0001). Individuals reporting less than high-school education had 21 % higher probability of having a high score than individuals reporting college completion or higher (P=0·003); individuals in the lowest tertile of income had an 11 % higher probability of having a high score compared with individuals in the highest tertile (P=0·02).ConclusionsOver 50 % of energy in US diets is derived from federally subsidized commodities.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A Virus Antibodies in the U.S.: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Monina Klevens ◽  
Deanna Kruszon-Moran ◽  
Annemarie Wasley ◽  
Kathleen Gallagher ◽  
Geraldine M. McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Trends and determinants of discretionary salt use: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2195-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerleen S Quader ◽  
Sheena Patel ◽  
Cathleen Gillespie ◽  
Mary E Cogswell ◽  
Janelle P Gunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Health ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Home Cooking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

AbstractObjectiveTo examine temporal trends and determinants of discretionary salt use in the USA.DesignMultiple logistic regression was used to assess temporal trends in discretionary salt use at the table and during home cooking/preparation, adjusting for demographic characteristics, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2012. Prevalence and determinants of discretionary salt use in 2009–2012 were also examined.SettingParticipants answered salt use questions after completing a 24 h dietary recall in a mobile examination centre.SubjectsNationally representative sample of non-institutionalized US children and adults, aged ≥2 years.ResultsFrom 2003 to 2012, the proportion of the population who reported using salt ‘very often’ declined; from 18 % to 12 % for use at the table (P<0·01) and from 42 % to 37 % during home cooking (P<0·02). While one-third of the population reported never adding salt at the table, most used it during home cooking/preparation (93 %). Use of discretionary salt was least commonly reported among young children and older adults and demographic and health subgroups at risk of CVD.ConclusionsWhile most people reported using salt during home cooking/preparation, a minority reported use at the table. Reported ‘very often’ discretionary salt use has declined. That discretionary salt use is less common among those at risk of CVD suggests awareness of messages to limit Na intake.

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