scholarly journals Trends and determinants of discretionary salt use: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2195-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerleen S Quader ◽  
Sheena Patel ◽  
Cathleen Gillespie ◽  
Mary E Cogswell ◽  
Janelle P Gunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Health ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Home Cooking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

AbstractObjectiveTo examine temporal trends and determinants of discretionary salt use in the USA.DesignMultiple logistic regression was used to assess temporal trends in discretionary salt use at the table and during home cooking/preparation, adjusting for demographic characteristics, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2012. Prevalence and determinants of discretionary salt use in 2009–2012 were also examined.SettingParticipants answered salt use questions after completing a 24 h dietary recall in a mobile examination centre.SubjectsNationally representative sample of non-institutionalized US children and adults, aged ≥2 years.ResultsFrom 2003 to 2012, the proportion of the population who reported using salt ‘very often’ declined; from 18 % to 12 % for use at the table (P<0·01) and from 42 % to 37 % during home cooking (P<0·02). While one-third of the population reported never adding salt at the table, most used it during home cooking/preparation (93 %). Use of discretionary salt was least commonly reported among young children and older adults and demographic and health subgroups at risk of CVD.ConclusionsWhile most people reported using salt during home cooking/preparation, a minority reported use at the table. Reported ‘very often’ discretionary salt use has declined. That discretionary salt use is less common among those at risk of CVD suggests awareness of messages to limit Na intake.

Abstract P422: Trends and determinants of discretionary salt use at the table or during home cooking/preparation: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2010

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheena Patel ◽  
Cathleen Gillespie ◽  
Mary Cogswell ◽  
Janelle Gunn ◽  
Cria Perrine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Home Cooking ◽  
To Come

Introduction: Although the majority of sodium intake is estimated to come from commercially processed/restaurant foods, about 11% is estimated to come from discretionary salt added at the table or during home cooking/preparation. Marked changes in U.S. food habits/choices, such as eating out, as well as the demographic composition of the population could change the frequency of discretionary salt use and invalidate past estimates. Objectives: To evaluate U.S. temporal trends in, and demographic/health determinants of, self-reported frequency of discretionary salt use (excluding 4% of population who use salt substitutes or lite salt). Methods: We analyzed salt intake questions for 31,842 persons aged ≥2y from the 2003-10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used multiple logistic regression models to assess temporal trends in reported frequency of discretionary salt use from 2003-10, adjusting for age, sex and race/ethnicity. We used chi-square tests to assess current (2007-10) differences in discretionary salt use by demographic/health characteristics. Analyses were adjusted for complex sampling design. Results: Using salt “very often” at the table declined from 2003-04 to 2009-10 (18% to 14%, p<0.01 for trend). The percent decline was greatest among male adults aged ≥19y (21% to 16%, p<0.01). Using salt “very often” during home cooking/preparation decreased (41% to 37%, p=0.03), while using salt “occasionally” increased (34% to 37%, p=0.04). Temporal trends in “never” and “rarely” using salt at the table or during home cooking/preparation were not statistically significant. In the 2 recent cycles of NHANES (2007-10), 33% of persons aged ≥2y reported “never” added salt at the table, 31% “rarely,” 22% “occasionally” and 15% “very often.” Corresponding percentages for frequency of salt added during home cooking/preparation were 7%, 19%, 36% and 37%. Overall, being non-Hispanic black, lower income and self-reported hypertension or diabetes were associated with being more likely to report never adding salt at the table or during cooking/preparation (all p<0.01). Among adults, as age increased, the percentage reporting “never” using salt increased both at the table (23% for ages 19-30y to 43% for ≥71y) and during home cooking/preparation (5% to 14%). The opposite was observed for children/adolescents, as age increased from 2-18y, the percentage reporting “never” using salt decreased at the table (79% for ages 2-3y to 18% for 14-18y) and during home cooking/preparation (6% to 2.5%). Conclusions: Frequency of high levels of discretionary salt use decreased from 2003-10. In general, persons with higher risk of elevated blood pressure were more likely to report using discretionary salt less frequently. The association of discretionary salt use with food habits/choices and the amount of sodium intake from discretionary salt merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches for Weight Management in the Obese Population: The 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8161
Author(s):  
Sang-Dol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
National Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Obese Population ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Management Approaches

(1) Background: Obesity management has become an important issue due to the COVID-19 outbreak; therefore, periodic surveys on the approaches to obesity management of the entire population and target obese population are required. (2) Methods: The study used nationally representative data from the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants reported all approaches they had used to reduce or maintain weight in the past year. Data were analyzed with multiple response methods. (3) Results: The most commonly reported approach was exercise, which included fitness, yoga, biking, and other physical activities (74.7% of respondents), and the second most commonly reported approach was decreased food intake (69.6% of respondents). The use of approaches differed according to respondents’ demographic characteristics. Regarding sex-related differences, in particular, men preferred to exercise, while women were more likely to decrease food intake. Among men, exercise was highest in the 40–49 years age group (48.3%). Among women, decreased food intake was highest in the same age group (16.1%). (4) Conclusions: These findings indicate that it is necessary to introduce individualized weight management approaches and measures according to target groups in obese adults.

scholarly journals Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2952
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
Anne Hermetet Agler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

This study examined differences in dietary intake between ready-to-eat cereal eaters and non-eaters in adults from the United States. Participants (n = 5163) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included. One-day dietary recall was used to define ready-to-eat cereal consumption status and estimate dietary intake in eaters and non-eaters. Data from Food Patterns Equivalent Database 2015–2016 were used to compare intakes of food groups by consumption status. Diet quality was assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nineteen percent of US adults were ready-to-eat cereal eaters; they had a similar level of energy intake as non-eaters, but they had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. They were also more likely to meet nutrient recommendations. Compared to non-eaters, ready-to-eat cereal eaters had the same level of added sugar intake but they had significantly higher intake of whole grains, total fruits, and dairy products. The diet quality of ready-to-eat cereal eaters was significantly higher than that of non-eaters. The study supports that ready-to-eat cereal eaters have better dietary intake with a healthier dietary pattern than non-eaters in the United States.

scholarly journals Markers of Sleep Disordered Breathing and Diabetes Mellitus in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charumathi Sabanayagam ◽  
Srinivas Teppala ◽  
Anoop Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
National Health ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Multiethnic Sample ◽  
Disordered Breathing

We examined gender and ethnic differences in the association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and diabetes among 6,522 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–08. SDB severity was defined based on an additive summary score including sleep duration, snoring, snorting, and daytime sleepiness. We found that the summary SDB score was significantly associated with diabetes after adjusting for potential confounders in the whole population. Compared to those without any sleep disturbance, the multivariable odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of diabetes among those with ≥3 sleep disturbances was 2.04 (1.46–2.87). In sex-specific analyses, this association was significant only in women (OR (95% CI) = 3.68 (2.01–6.72)) but not in men (1.10 (0.59–2.04)),P-interaction=0.01. However, there were no ethnic differences in this association,P-interaction=0.7. In a nationally representative sample of US adults, SDB was independently associated with diabetes only in women, but not in men.

scholarly journals Urinary 2,5-dicholorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentrations and prevalent disease among adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R Rooney ◽  
Pamela L Lutsey ◽  
Parveen Bhatti ◽  
Anna Prizment
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectiveTo test cross-sectional associations between urinary concentrations of 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, lung disease, thyroid problems and liver conditions.MethodsLogistic regression was used to evaluate associations of urinary concentrations of 2,5-DCP and 2,4-DCP with prevalence of various medical conditions among 3617 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants from 2007–2008 and 2009–2010. ORs and 95% CIs for each disease were estimated. All regression models were adjusted for urinary creatinine.ResultsWe observed a monotonically increasing association between quartiles of 2,5-DCP and prevalence of CVD. After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, participants with the highest versus lowest quartile of urinary 2,5-DCP had an OR=1.84 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.70) (p linear trend=0.006). The association was similar with further adjustment for established clinical CVD risk factors. Higher 2,5-DCP was also associated with prevalence of all cancers combined (ORQ4 vs Q1=1.50 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.26); p trend=0.05) and, in exploratory analyses, with gynaecological cancers (ORQ4 vs Q1=4.15 (95% CI 1.51 to 11.40; p trend=0.01)). No associations were detected between 2,5-DCP and lung diseases, thyroid problems or liver conditions, nor between 2,4-DCP and prevalent disease.ConclusionIn this nationally representative study, higher urinary 2,5-DCP concentrations were associated with greater prevalence of CVD and all cancers combined. Further examination may be warranted to assess whether chronic exposure to 2,5-DCP is associated with incidence of adverse health outcomes.

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