Isolation and genetic characterization of naturally NS-truncated H3N8 equine influenza virus in South Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. NA ◽  
B. KANG ◽  
H.-I. KIM ◽  
M. HONG ◽  
S.-J. PARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Clade 1

SUMMARYEquine influenza virus (EIV) causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in equids, with confirmed outbreaks in Europe, America, North Africa, and Asia. Although China, Mongolia, and Japan have reported equine influenza outbreaks, Korea has not. Since 2011, we have conducted a routine surveillance programme to detect EIV at domestic stud farms, and isolated H3N8 EIV from horses showing respiratory disease symptoms. Here, we characterized the genetic and biological properties of this novel Korean H3N8 EIV isolate. This H3N8 EIV isolate belongs to the Florida sublineage clade 1 of the American H3N8 EIV lineage, and surprisingly, possessed a non-structural protein (NS) gene segment, where 23 bases of the NS1-encoding region were naturally truncated. Our preliminary biological data indicated that this truncation did not affect virus replication; its effect on biological and immunological properties of the virus will require further study.

Protein expression changes in cells inoculated with Equine Influenza Virus: antibody microarray analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-669
Author(s):  
W. Rozek ◽  
M. Kwasnik ◽  
J.F. Zmudzinski
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Antibody Microarray ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Microarray Technique ◽  
In Cells

AbstractChanges in the level of cellular proteins in cells inoculated with equine influenza virus H7N7 and H3N8 were studied with microarray technique. H3N8 induced pro-apoptotic proteins while H7N7 induced both pro- as well as anti-apoptotic factors. The higher level of some cytoskeleton components and proteins involved in the protein quality control was recorded. Relatively high number of proteins involved in the regulation of transcription was down-regulated. The pattern of changes observed for H7N7 and H3N8 may reflect differences in the biological properties of both serotypes.

scholarly journals Infectious Agents in Acute Respiratory Disease in Horses in Ontario

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Carman ◽  
Søen Rosendal ◽  
Leslie Huber ◽  
Carlton Gyles ◽  
Sharyn McKee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Type A ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Influenza

A study of acute respiratory disease in horses in Ontario was undertaken to determine the identity of current causative infectious agents. A nasopharyngeal swab was designed and utilized to maximize isolation of viruses, mycoplasma, and pathogenic bacteria. Serum samples were collected for parallel determination of antibody titers to equine influenza virus type A subtype 1 (H7N7) and subtype 2 (H3N8), equine rhinovirus types 1 and 2, equine herpesvirus type 1, Mycoplasma equirhinius, and Mycoplasma felis. Equine rhinovirus type 2 was recovered from 28/92 horses tested, and equine influenza virus type A, subtype 2, was recovered from 5. The mycoplasma and bacteria isolated were consistent with those commonly associated with nonspecific respiratory diseases in horses, except that Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular type 3 was isolated from 10 horses.

Florida clade 1 equine influenza virus in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Paillot ◽  
Pierre-Hugues Pitel ◽  
Stéphane Pronost ◽  
Loïc Legrand ◽  
Stéphanie Fougerolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Clade 1

Antigenic differences between equine influenza virus vaccine strains and Florida sublineage clade 1 strains isolated in Europe in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 105674
Author(s):  
Manabu Nemoto ◽  
Minoru Ohta ◽  
Takashi Yamanaka ◽  
Yoshinori Kambayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Bannai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Clade 1

scholarly journals Success and Limitation of Equine Influenza Vaccination: The First Incursion in a Decade of a Florida Clade 1 Equine Influenza Virus that Shakes Protection Despite High Vaccine Coverage

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fougerolle ◽  
Fortier ◽  
Legrand ◽  
Jourdan ◽  
Marcillaud-Pitel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Clade 1

Every year, several epizooties of equine influenza (EI) are reported worldwide. However, no EI case has been identified in France between 2015 and late 2018, despite an effective field surveillance of the pathogen and the disease. Vaccination against equine influenza virus (EIV) remains to this day one of the most effective methods to prevent or limit EI outbreaks and the lack of detection of the pathogen could be linked to vaccination coverage. The aim of this study was to evaluate EI immunity and vaccine coverage in France through a large-scale serological study. A total of 3004 archived surplus serums from French horses of all ages, breeds and sexes were selected from four different geographical regions and categories (i.e., sanitary check prior to exportation, sale, breeding protocol or illness diagnosis). EIV-specific antibody response was measured by single radial hemolysis (SRH) and an EIV-nucleoprotein (NP) ELISA (used as a DIVA test). Overall immunity coverage against EIV infection (i.e., titers induced by vaccination and/or natural infection above the clinical protection threshold) reached 87.6%. The EIV NP ELISA results showed that 83% of SRH positive serum samples from young horses (≤3 years old) did not have NP antibodies, which indicates that the SRH antibody response was likely induced by EI vaccination alone (the HA recombinant canarypoxvirus-based EI vaccine is mostly used in France) and supports the absence of EIV circulation in French horse populations between 2015 and late 2018, as reported by the French equine infectious diseases surveillance network (RESPE). Results from this study confirm a strong EI immunity in a large cohort of French horses, which provides an explanation to the lack of clinical EI in France in recent years and highlights the success of vaccination against this disease. However, such EI protection has been challenged since late 2018 by the incursion in the EU of a Florida Clade 1 sub-lineage EIV (undetected in France since 2009), which is also reported here.

scholarly journals A Bivalent Live-Attenuated Vaccine for the Prevention of Equine Influenza Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Pilar Blanco-Lobo ◽  
Laura Rodriguez ◽  
Stephanie Reedy ◽  
Fatai S. Oladunni ◽  
Aitor Nogales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Clade 1 ◽  
World Organization

Vaccination remains the most effective approach for preventing and controlling equine influenza virus (EIV) in horses. However, the ongoing evolution of EIV has increased the genetic and antigenic differences between currently available vaccines and circulating strains, resulting in suboptimal vaccine efficacy. As recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the inclusion of representative strains from clade 1 and clade 2 Florida sublineages of EIV in vaccines may maximize the protection against presently circulating viral strains. In this study, we used reverse genetics technologies to generate a bivalent EIV live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). We combined our previously described clade 1 EIV LAIV A/equine/Ohio/2003 H3N8 (Ohio/03 LAIV) with a newly generated clade 2 EIV LAIV that contains the six internal genes of Ohio/03 LAIV and the HA and NA of A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 H3N8 (Rich/07 LAIV). The safety profile, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy of this bivalent EIV LAIV was tested in the natural host, horses. Vaccination of horses with the bivalent EIV LAIV, following a prime-boost regimen, was safe and able to confer protection against challenge with clade 1 (A/equine/Kentucky/2014 H3N8) and clade 2 (A/equine/Richmond/2007) wild-type (WT) EIVs, as evidenced by a reduction of clinical signs, fever, and virus excretion. This is the first description of a bivalent LAIV for the prevention of EIV in horses that follows OIE recommendations. In addition, since our bivalent EIV LAIV is based on the use of reverse genetics approaches, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using the backbone of clade 1 Ohio/03 LAIV as a master donor virus (MDV) for the production and rapid update of LAIVs for the control and protection against other EIV strains of epidemiological relevance to horses.

scholarly journals Protection against the New Equine Influenza Virus Florida Clade I Outbreak Strain Provided by a Whole Inactivated Virus Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Sylvia Reemers ◽  
Sander van Bommel ◽  
Qi Cao ◽  
David Sutton ◽  
Saskia van de Zande
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Field Strain ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
High Level

Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in horses. Vaccination is an effective tool for infection control. Although various EIV vaccines are widely available, major outbreaks occurred in Europe in 2018 involving a new EIV H3N8 FC1 strain. In France, it was reported that both unvaccinated and vaccinated horses were affected despite >80% vaccination coverage and most horses being vaccinated with a vaccine expressing FC1 antigen. This study assessed whether vaccine type, next to antigenic difference between vaccine and field strain, plays a role. Horses were vaccinated with an ISCOMatrix-adjuvanted, whole inactivated virus vaccine (Equilis Prequenza) and experimentally infected with the new FC1 outbreak strain. Serology (HI), clinical signs, and virus shedding were evaluated in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated horses. Results showed a significant reduction in clinical signs and a lack of virus shedding in vaccinated horses compared to unvaccinated controls. From these results, it can be concluded that Equilis Prequenza provides a high level of protection to challenge with the new FC1 outbreak strain. This suggests that, apart from antigenic differences between vaccine and field strain, other aspects of the vaccine may also play an important role in determining field efficacy.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST INFLUENZA VIRUS IN NON-VACCINATED EQUINES FROM THE BRAZILIAN PANTANAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Gaíva E Silva ◽  
Alice Mamede Costa Marques Borges ◽  
Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villalobos ◽  
Maria do Carmo Custodio Souza Hunold Lara ◽  
Elenice Maria Siquetin Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Anemia Virus

The prevalence of antibodies against Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) was determined in 529 equines living on ranches in the municipality of Poconé, Pantanal area of Brazil, by means of the hemagglutination inhibition test, using subtype H3N8 as antigen. The distribution and possible association among positive animal and ranches were evaluated by the chi-square test, spatial autoregressive and multiple linear regression models. The prevalence of antibodies against EIV was estimated at 45.2% (95% CI 30.2 - 61.1%) with titers ranging from 20 to 1,280 HAU. Seropositive equines were found on 92.0% of the surveyed ranches. Equine from non-flooded ranches (66.5%) and negativity in equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) (61.7%) were associated with antibodies against EIV. No spatial correlation was found among the ranches, but the ones located in non-flooded areas were associated with antibodies against EIV. A negative correlation was found between the prevalence of antibodies against EIV and the presence of EIAV positive animals on the ranches. The high prevalence of antibodies against EIV detected in this study suggests that the virus is circulating among the animals, and this statistical analysis indicates that the movement and aggregation of animals are factors associated to the transmission of the virus in the region.

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