scholarly journals The melioidosis agentBurkholderia pseudomalleiand related opportunistic pathogens detected in faecal matter of wildlife and livestock in northern Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1924-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. R. HÖGER ◽  
M. MAYO ◽  
E. P. PRICE ◽  
V. THEOBALD ◽  
G. HARRINGTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
Faecal Matter ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Direct Dna Extraction

SUMMARYThe Darwin region in northern Australia has experienced rapid population growth in recent years, and with it, an increased incidence of melioidosis. Previous studies in Darwin have associated the environmental presence ofBurkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, with anthropogenic land usage and proximity to animals. In our study, we estimated the occurrence ofB. pseudomalleiandBurkholderiaspp. relatives in faecal matter of wildlife, livestock and domestic animals in the Darwin region. A total of 357 faecal samples were collected and bacteria isolated through culture and direct DNA extraction after enrichment in selective media. Identification ofB. pseudomallei, B. ubonensis, and otherBurkholderiaspp. was carried out using TTS1, Bu550, andrecABUR3–BUR4 quantitative PCR assays, respectively.B. pseudomalleiwas detected in seven faecal samples from wallabies and a chicken.B. cepaciacomplex spp. andPandoraeaspp. were cultured from wallaby faecal samples, andB. cenocepaciaandB. cepaciawere also isolated from livestock animals. Various bacteria isolated in this study represent opportunistic human pathogens, raising the possibility that faecal shedding contributes to the expanding geographical distribution of not justB. pseudomalleibut other Burkholderiaceae that can cause human disease.

scholarly journals Bacterial defenses against a natural antibiotic promote collateral resilience to clinical antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A. Meirelles ◽  
Elena K. Perry ◽  
Megan Bergkessel ◽  
Dianne K. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
Environmental Microbes

SummaryAs antibiotic-resistant infections become increasingly prevalent worldwide, understanding the factors that lead to antimicrobial treatment failure is essential to optimizing the use of existing drugs. Opportunistic human pathogens in particular typically exhibit high levels of intrinsic antibiotic resistance and tolerance1, leading to chronic infections that can be nearly impossible to eradicate2. We asked whether the recalcitrance of these organisms to antibiotic treatment could be driven in part by their evolutionary history as environmental microbes, which frequently produce or encounter natural antibiotics3,4. Using the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model, we demonstrate that the self-produced natural antibiotic pyocyanin (PYO) activates bacterial defenses that confer collateral tolerance to certain synthetic antibiotics, including in a clinically-relevant growth medium. Non-PYO-producing opportunistic pathogens isolated from lung infections similarly display increased antibiotic tolerance when they are co-cultured with PYO-producing P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we show that beyond promoting bacterial survival in the presence of antibiotics, PYO can increase the apparent rate of mutation to antibiotic resistance by up to two orders of magnitude. Our work thus suggests that bacterial production of natural antibiotics in infections could play an important role in modulating not only the immediate efficacy of clinical antibiotics, but also the rate at which antibiotic resistance arises in multispecies bacterial communities.

scholarly journals Neuromelioidosis: a series of seven cases in Hainan province, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 856-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefu Zhan ◽  
Yehua Wu ◽  
Qun Li ◽  
Anle Yu
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Tropical Climates

Melioidosis, which is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is predominately a disease of tropical climates and is especially widespread in south-east Asia and northern Australia. Melioidosis affecting the central nervous system has a low incidence but a high mortality. We present seven cases of neuromelioidosis and analyze the disease characteristics and imaging features. Typical clinical features of this disease included high fever and headache. Five patients had an irregular fever with a temperature ≥ 39℃. Peripheral blood leukocytes and the neutrophil ratio were raised in all patients. On computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging the disease mainly manifested as intracerebral single or multiple nodules, as well as ring and flake-like enhancements with rapid lesion progression. This study demonstrated the importance of imaging examination in the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of neuromelioidosis.

scholarly journals Temperature-Regulated Microcolony Formation by Burkholderia pseudomallei Requires pilA and Enhances Association with Cultured Human Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 5374-5381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Boddey ◽  
Cameron P. Flegg ◽  
Chris J. Day ◽  
Ifor R. Beacham ◽  
Ian R. Peak
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Cell Association ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
Encoding Gene

ABSTRACT Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease that is endemic to Northern Australia and Southeast Asia and is acquired from soil or water. Adherence of B. pseudomallei 08 to cultured cells increases dramatically following prior growth at 30°C or less compared to that following prior growth at 37°C. Here, we show that this occurs almost entirely as the result of microcolony formation (bacterium-bacterium interactions) following growth at 27°C but not at 37°C, which considerably enhances bacterial association with eukaryotic cells. Further, we demonstrate that the type IVA pilin-encoding gene, pilA, is essential for microcolony development by B. pseudomallei 08, and thus optimum association with eukaryotic cells, but is not required for direct adherence (bacterium-cell interactions). In contrast, although the B. pseudomallei genome sequence strain, K96243, also contains transcriptionally active pilA, microcolony formation rarely occurs following growth at either 27°C or 37°C and cell association occurs significantly less than with strain 08. Analysis of pilA transcription in 08 identified that pilA is dramatically upregulated under microcolony-forming conditions, viz., growth at low temperature, and association with eukaryotic cells; the pattern of transcription of pilA in K96243 differed from that in 08. Our study also suggests that biofilm formation by B. pseudomallei 08 and K96243 on polyvinylchloride is not mediated by pilA. Adherence and microcolony formation, and pilA transcription, vary between strains, consistent with known genomic variation in B. pseudomallei, and these phenotypes may be relevant to colonization from the environment.

scholarly journals Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Northern Australia, a Land of Diversity

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 3463-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan McRobb ◽  
Mirjam Kaestli ◽  
Erin P. Price ◽  
Derek S. Sarovich ◽  
Mark Mayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fragmented Habitats

ABSTRACTBurkholderia pseudomalleiis a Gram-negative soil bacillus that is the etiological agent of melioidosis and a biothreat agent. Little is known about the biogeography of this bacterium in Australia, despite its hyperendemicity in the northern region of this continent. The population structure of 953 AustralianB. pseudomalleistrains representing 779 and 174 isolates of clinical and environmental origins, respectively, was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Bayesian population structure and network SplitsTree analyses were performed on concatenated MLST loci, and sequence type (ST) diversity and evenness were examined using Simpson's and Pielou's indices and a multivariate dissimilarity matrix. Bayesian analysis found twoB. pseudomalleipopulations in Australia that were geographically distinct; isolates from the Northern Territory were grouped mainly into the first population, whereas the majority of isolates from Queensland were grouped in a second population. Differences in ST evenness were observed between sampling areas, confirming thatB. pseudomalleiis widespread and established across northern Australia, with a large number of fragmented habitats. ST analysis showed thatB. pseudomalleipopulations diversified as the sampling area increased. This observation was in contrast to smaller sampling areas where a few STs predominated, suggesting thatB. pseudomalleipopulations are ecologically established and not frequently dispersed. Interestingly, there was no identifiable ST bias between clinical and environmental isolates, suggesting the potential for all culturableB. pseudomalleiisolates to cause disease. Our findings have important implications for understanding the ecology ofB. pseudomalleiin Australia and for potential source attribution of this bacterium in the event of unexpected cases of melioidosis.

scholarly journals Landscape Changes Influence the Occurrence of the Melioidosis Bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in Soil in Northern Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Kaestli ◽  
Mark Mayo ◽  
Glenda Harrington ◽  
Linda Ward ◽  
Felicity Watt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Northern Australia

How Domestic Animals aid in the spread of Geohelminths in their faecal Deposits, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A Adulugba ◽  
T.S Atsuwe ◽  
V.U Obisike
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Community Health Education ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additional Income ◽  
Toxocara Species

Domestic animals are source of protein and additional income in most families in Okpokwu Local Government Area BenueState. This study determined the prevalence of geohelminths in the faecal deposits from some domestic animals in OkpokwuLocal Government Area. A total of 480 faecal deposits were collected into the sterile specimen bottles and examined forpresence of helminthes eggs using test tube floatation technique. Of the 480 faecal samples examined, 161(33.5%) werepositive for one or more eggs of helminth parasites. The prevalences were 20%, 15.2%, 9.8%, 5.2% and 3.8% for Ascarisspecies, Toxocara species, Ancylostoma species, Strongloides and Trichuris species, respectively. The highest prevalence of48% was recorded in Ojigo ward and the least prevalence rate of 23% in Okpale/Ingle ward with no significant difference(p>0.05) in the distribution of eggs in the twelve (12) wards sampled. The public health importance of geohelminths eggs infaecal deposits cannot be underestimated therefore, community health education and restriction of animals from roaming arerecommended. Keywords: Geohelminths, Domestic animals, Faeces, Okpokwu.

scholarly journals Burkholderia Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreelakshmi Panginikkod ◽  
Aishwarya Ramachandran ◽  
Pratyusha Bollimunta ◽  
Roshanak Habibi ◽  
Roshan Kumar Arjal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Ct Angiogram

Melioidosis is a frequently fatal infection caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. It is a rare imported pathogen in the United States and is a potential bioterror agent. We report the case of an 82-year-old previously healthy man who presented with 2 weeks of fever and epigastric pain after he returned from the Philippines. A diagnosis of nondissecting mycotic aneurysm in the descending thoracic aorta was made with the help of CT angiogram and positive blood cultures. The patient completely recovered with a 6-month antibiotic therapy followed by surgical repair of the aneurysm. Given the slight increase in the number of melioidosis cases reported by CDC since 2008, melioidosis might be considered an emerging infectious disease in the United States. The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of the disease among clinicians as well as travelers.

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