scholarly journals Active animal health surveillance in European Union Member States: gaps and opportunities

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. BISDORFF ◽  
B. SCHAUER ◽  
N. TAYLOR ◽  
V. RODRÍGUEZ-PRIETO ◽  
A. COMIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Hazard Surveillance ◽  
Freedom From Disease ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYAnimal health surveillance enables the detection and control of animal diseases including zoonoses. Under the EU-FP7 project RISKSUR, a survey was conducted in 11 EU Member States and Switzerland to describe active surveillance components in 2011 managed by the public or private sector and identify gaps and opportunities. Information was collected about hazard, target population, geographical focus, legal obligation, management, surveillance design, risk-based sampling, and multi-hazard surveillance. Two countries were excluded due to incompleteness of data. Most of the 664 components targeted cattle (26·7%), pigs (17·5%) or poultry (16·0%). The most common surveillance objectives were demonstrating freedom from disease (43·8%) and case detection (26·8%). Over half of components applied risk-based sampling (57·1%), but mainly focused on a single population stratum (targeted risk-based) rather than differentiating between risk levels of different strata (stratified risk-based). About a third of components were multi-hazard (37·3%). Both risk-based sampling and multi-hazard surveillance were used more frequently in privately funded components. The study identified several gaps (e.g. lack of systematic documentation, inconsistent application of terminology) and opportunities (e.g. stratified risk-based sampling). The greater flexibility provided by the new EU Animal Health Law means that systematic evaluation of surveillance alternatives will be required to optimize cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Occupational Accidents Assessment by Field of Activity and Investigation Model for Prevention and Control

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Ivascu ◽  
Lucian-Ionel Cioca
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Fatal Accidents ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
And Control ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
And Storage

The rate of occupational accidents is increasing, leading to a number of organizational deficiencies. For European Union (EU), the non-fatal accident number in 2017 was 3,315,101. An increase in the number of accidents is recorded in many of the member states. In addition, the increase in accidents tends to focus on certain sectors and is due more to the increase in the incidence rate than the increase in the workforce. Companies in these industry sectors have also implemented less intensive prevention practices than firms in other sectors. Performing a statistical evaluation of non-fatal and fatal accidents is an important one. This assessment helps managers understand the importance of implementing prevention and control methods across organizations. For this research, we used series of data obtained from the Romanian National Institute of Statistics (NIS), Labor Inspection in Romania, and Eurostatof the European Commission. Data series evaluations were conducted for the EU and Romania. A qualitative assessment of the industry data series had been carried out. Furthermore, T-tests and analysis of variance analysis (ANOVA) were performed to identify the relationships between the frequency index of fatal and non-fatal accidents, and the categories chosen. The values obtained for men were significantly higher than those of female workers. Based on the results of the qualitative assessment and European and national strategies, an experimental model for the prevention and control of occupational accidents is proposed. At the end of the paper, the situation of labor accidents in Romania and Bulgaria, two EU member states, is assessed in the agriculture, forestry and fishing, manufacturing, construction and transport, and storage sectors. A series of trends are presented for the period 2018–2020. The results obtained from the evaluation of the data series represent an important core of the Romanian Labor Inspectorate for the development of strategic actions.

Frontex: Towards a Common Policy on External Border Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Mungianu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Border Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Joint Operations ◽  
And Control ◽  
European Agency ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Policy

Abstract Operational cooperation at the external borders of the EU is part of the EU process of supranationalisation since 2006, when the Justice and Home Affairs Council Conclusions identified operational cooperation as a component of a common policy on external border control. Operational cooperation is supported by the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (Frontex). In this article I will focus on the extent to which the establishment of Frontex marks the shift of sovereignty from Member States to EU institutions in EU external border control. The analysis of two aspects of operational cooperation through Frontex – joint operations and European Border Guard Teams – shows the EU’s achievement in implementing a common policy on external border control. Nevertheless, EU Member States’ ‘sovereignty clauses’ for the surveillance and control of their external borders prevent the EU from fully exercising its power.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): burden of disease and control challenges in Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Köck ◽  
K Becker ◽  
B Cookson ◽  
J E van Gemert-Pijnen ◽  
S Harbarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Member States ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
And Control

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of healthcare- and community-associated infections worldwide. Within the healthcare setting alone, MRSA infections are estimated to affect more than 150,000 patients annually in the European Union (EU), resulting in attributable extra in-hospital costs of EUR 380 million for EU healthcare systems. Pan-European surveillance data on bloodstream infections show marked variability among EU Member States in the proportion of S. aureus that are methicillin-resistant, ranging from less than 1% to more than 50%. In the past five years, the MRSA bacteraemia rates have decreased significantly in 10 EU countries with higher endemic rates of MRSA infections. In addition to healthcare-associated infections, new MRSA strains have recently emerged as community- and livestock-associated human pathogens in most EU Member States. The prevention and control of MRSA have therefore been identified as public health priorities in the EU. In this review, we describe the current burden of MRSA infections in healthcare and community settings across Europe and outline the main threats caused by recent changes in the epidemiology of MRSA. Thereby, we aim at identifying unmet needs of surveillance, prevention and control of MRSA in Europe.

scholarly journals European Union Communicable Disease Network Committee issues document on immediate actions for surveillance and control of SARS in Europe - 15 April

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Disease Network ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
And Control

The Committee of the European Union Network for the Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases met on 9 and 10 April 2003 and agreed the following actions for European Union (EU) member states and the European Commission for the surveillance and control of SARS in Europe. These actions are based on the present situation and current knowledge, and are liable to change. The statement does not preclude the possibility that member states may take additional measures.

5 Formalities and Control

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Property Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Security Interest ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
Collateralized Assets ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Provided Examples

This chapter focuses on the creation of a collateral transaction. It looks at two issues: (i) which formalities must be fulfilled in order to create a collateral transaction, or, more specifically, to validly provide collateral? And (ii) to what extent must the collateral taker have 'possession' or 'control' for a valid provision of collateral? These two issues seem to be especially problematical in the jurisdictions of the EU Member States. The problems follow from the implementation of the Collateral Directive into EU Member States laws, where both issues required derogations of, or at least amendments of, their national (property) laws. More specifically, the Collateral Directive aims to dis-apply formal requirements for collateral transactions to be validly created, i.e. for collateral to be validly provided. Examples of such formal requirements are the registration of a security interest with a public register and the execution of a specific document in a mandatory way. Meanwhile, general US property law requires the collateral taker to be in control of the collateralized assets as a means of perfecting a security interest.

scholarly journals Regulatory Lag, Regulatory Friction and Regulatory Transition as FinTech Disenablers: Calibrating an EU Response to the Regulatory Sandbox Phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
New Business ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWith transformative evolution involving crypto-assets, machine learning applications and data-driven finance models, complex regulatory and policy issues are emerging. Inadequate frameworks in FinTech markets create regulatory friction and regulatory fragmentation. These limitations continue to feature when piecemeal regulatory transition occurs. The danger of EU Member States being left behind in the FinTech innovation race if the regulatory landscape is cumbersome or incomplete for new business models is real. Regulatory lag and regulatory friction also act as a ‘disenabler’ for ease of cross-border FinTech trade in the EU. This article critically engages with the manner in which the regulatory sandbox has rapidly gained critical mass in Member States as a valuable adaptive measure supporting a route to market for FinTech entrepreneurs. Against the backdrop of the European Commission’s Digital Finance Strategy, the article further advances scholarship on FinTech in the EU by probing the EU’s resulting regulatory dilemma, undertaking a systematic evaluation of the continuum of complex policy options available to the European Union in response to the spreading regulatory sandbox phenomenon.

scholarly journals Situation actuelle de la fièvre catarrhale ovine en Europe et dans le bassin méditerranéen

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
S. Mesman
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Disease Notification ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

In the past, only sporadic incursions of bluetongue (BT) occurred, mainly in Southern Europe. The disease showed a tendency to disappear naturally, probably because the necessary climatic, environmental and entomological conditions to ensure virus spread and persistence did not occur. The situation has how­ever changed dramatically in the last decade. Until three years ago, the disease mainly affected the Mediterranean Basin. Since fall 2006 new serotypes have emerged and the unprecedented spread of BTV-1 and BTV-8 caused outbreaks in many countries of the European Union (EU).  The EU Commission responded to the changing BT disease situ­ation by developing continuous finely-tuned EU-legislation in close cooperation with EU Member States, and by allocating funding to implement vaccination programmes in the States. EU rules on BT are highly influenced by changes in the disease situ­ation, experiences in the Member States, results of the ongoing data gathering, and research on BT disease and its vectors. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the risk assessor and produces scientific opinions and advice to provide a sound basis for European policies and legislation. Also, the EU Commission has ensured considerable financial support to the vaccination programmes that have been put in place in several Member States for the years 2007 and 2008.  Community rules on BT lay down general provisions for the control and eradication of BT, as well as detailed rules on disease control, monitoring, surveillance and restrictions on movements of susceptible animals. All BT outbreaks must be notified by EU Member States to the Animal Disease Notification System (ADNS). In addition, information that has been gathered in the course of implementing BT monitoring and/or surveillance programmes must be transmitted to BT-Net system. Monthly, six-monthly and annual reports are required. Data and maps can be viewed on BT-Net:http://eubtnet.izs.it/btnet/reports/ EpidemiologicalSituation.html  The Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health (SCoFCAH) plays a key role in the EU decision-making process. Representatives of EU Member States meet on a monthly basis with the European Commission. Updates on the epidemiological situation of BT (and other animal diseases) are presented by the Member States (presentations are available on SANCO web­page). The EU Commission consults SCoFCAH on new proposals for an opinion after which the measure can be formally adopted in accordance with the appropriate procedure.  With the support of the Member States experts in the technical working groups and the representatives at SCoFCAH, Regulation (EC) No 1266/2007 has been amended several times to respond better to the evolving disease situation. Together with appropri­ate surveillance and restrictions on animal movements, mass vaccination of all susceptible and reachable animals in the restricted zones with all available vaccines is currently the pre­ferred option as regards effective BT control.

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