scholarly journals High prevalence ofLegionellain non-passenger merchant vessels

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. COLLINS ◽  
D. STEVENSON ◽  
M. MENTASTI ◽  
A. SHAW ◽  
A. JOHNSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sequence Types

SUMMARYThere is a paucity of information on the risk from potable water in non-passenger merchant vessels (NPMVs) particularly with regard toLegionellaand other bacteria. This retrospective study examined water samples from 550 NPMVs docked in eight UK ports. A total of 1027 samples from 412 NPMVs were examined for total aerobic colony counts (ACC), coliforms,Escherichia coliand enterococci; 41% of samples yielded ACC above the action level (>1 × 103c.f.u./ml) and 4·5% contained actionable levels (>1 c.f.u./100 ml) of faecal indicator bacteria. Eight hundred and three samples from 360 NPMVs were cultured specifically forLegionellaand 58% of vessels proved positive for these organisms with 27% of samples showing levels greater than the UK upper action limit of 1 × 103c.f.u./l. Cabin showers (49%) and hospital shower (45%) were frequently positive. A subset of 106 samples was analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction forLegionellaand identified a further 11Legionella-positive NPMVs, returning a negative predictive value of 100%. There was no correlation between NPMV age or size and any microbial parameters (P> 0·05).Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 was isolated from 46% of NPMVs and sequence-based typing of 17 isolates revealed four sequence types (STs) previously associated with human disease. These data raise significant concerns regarding the management of microbial andLegionellarisks on board NPMVs and suggest that better guidance and compliance are required to improve control.

scholarly journals Effect of Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage by Polymerase Chain Reaction on the Duration of Unnecessary Preemptive Contact Isolation

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Uçkay ◽  
Hugo Sax ◽  
Anne Iten ◽  
Véronique Camus ◽  
Gesuele Renzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Contact Isolation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage at hospital readmission among previous MRSA carriers warrants screening and preemptive isolation precautions. The replacement of culture on chromogenic agar with rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction for readmission screening reduces the number of unnecessary preemptive isolation-days by 54% (from 6.88 to 3.14 isolation-days) and related costs by 45% (from US$113.2 to US$62.1) for patients who test negative for MRSA.

scholarly journals The effect of starter culture on bacterial profile in soybean tempeh

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-389
Author(s):  
T.E. Pramudito ◽  
E.G.A. Putri ◽  
E. Paluphi ◽  
Y. Yogiara
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Total Bacteria

The bacterial population in soybean tempeh can be affected by many factors such as hygiene and preparation procedure of the soybean. In this study, we investigate the effect of different tempeh starter culture on the bacterial profile in comparison to other factors. The bacterial profile of five commercial tempeh made with different processing techniques and three samples made with different starter culture were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The phylum Verrucomicrobia was only detected in commercial tempeh from unstandardized home-scale industries. Bacteroidetes were present in commercial tempeh and samples made with starter that contains cassavabased materials. Commercial tempeh from standardized medium-scale industries contains fewer total bacteria than those from home-scale industries. The addition of starter culture for tempeh production can increase the number of total bacteria compared to uninoculated soybeans. However, there was no difference in total bacterial amount between starter culture variation. Bacterial profiles of all samples were dominated by Firmicutes except tempeh with the starter culture Cap Jago that is dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. This study showed that although the type of starter culture did not significantly contribute to total bacteria in tempeh, it can influence the bacterial profile of the product on phylum level.

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR INHIBITOR FREE NUCLEIC ACIDS FROM POLYPHENOL RICH LEAVES OF MUSA SPP

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.NANDHA KUMAR ◽  
K. SOURIANATHA SUNDARAM ◽  
D. SUDHAKAR ◽  
K.K. KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Excessive presence of polysaccharides, polyphenol and secondary metabolites in banana plant affects the quality of DNA and it leads to difficult in isolating good quality of DNA. An optimized modified CTAB protocol for the isolation of high quality and quantity of DNA obtained from banana leaf tissues has been developed. In this protocol a slight increased salt (NaCl) concentration (2.0M) was used in the extraction buffer. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Octanol were used for the removal of polyphenols and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. Proteins like various enzymes were degraded by Proteinase K and removed by centrifugation from plant extract during the isolation process resulting in pure genomic DNA, ready to use in downstream applications including PCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), ligation, restriction and sequencing. This protocol yielded a high molecular weight DNA isolated from polyphenols rich leaves of Musa spp which was free from contamination and colour. The average yields of total DNA from leaf ranged from 917.4 to 1860.9 ng/ìL. This modified CTAB protocol reported here is less time consuming 4-5h, reproducible and can be used for a broad spectrum of plant species which have polyphenol and polysaccharide compounds.

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