scholarly journals Relative transmissibility of hand, foot and mouth disease from male to female individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxue Liao ◽  
Yaqing He ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Yanhua Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Rate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Shenzhen City ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has spread widely and leads to high disease burden in many countries. However, relative transmissibility from male to female individuals remains unclear. HFMD surveillance database was built in Shenzhen City from 2013 to 2017. An intersex transmission susceptible–infectious–recovered model was developed to calculate the transmission relative rate among male individuals, among female individuals, from male to female and from female to male. Two indicators, ratio of transmission relative rate (R β ) and relative transmissibility index (RTI), were developed to assess the relative transmissibility of male vs. female. During the study period, 270 347 HFMD cases were reported in the city, among which 16 were death cases with a fatality of 0.0059%. Reported incidence of total cases, male cases and female cases was 0.0057 (range: 0.0036–0.0058), 0.0052 (range: 0.0032–0.0053) and 0.0044 (range: 0.0026–0.0047), respectively. The difference was statistically significant between male and female (t = 3.046, P = 0.002). R β of male vs. female, female vs. female, from female to male vs. female and from male to female vs. female was 7.69, 1.00, 1.74 and 7.13, respectively. RTI of male vs. female, female vs. female, from female to male vs. female and from male to female vs. female was 3.08, 1.00, 1.88 and 1.43, respectively. Transmissibility of HFMD is different between male and female individuals. Male cases seem to be more transmissible than female.

scholarly journals Properties of Virus Isolated from an Epidemic of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in 1973 in the City of Matsue

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Gobara ◽  
Asao Itagaki ◽  
Yoshihiro Ito ◽  
Koichi Saito ◽  
Tetsuo Katsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Mucocutaneous features of hand, foot, and mouth disease: A reappraisal from an outbreak in the city of Kolkata

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
SudipKumar Ghosh ◽  
Debabrata Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Arghyaprasun Ghosh ◽  
Abhijit Dutta ◽  
Surajit Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Short-term effects of rainfall on childhood hand, foot and mouth disease and related spatial heterogeneity: evidence from 143 cities in mainland China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Fengfeng Liu ◽  
Xing Zhao ◽  
Chaonan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential association between rainfall and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), but the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between rainfall and HFMD based on a multicity study and explore the potential sources of spatial heterogeneity. Methods We retrieved the daily counts of childhood HFMD and the meteorological variables of the 143 cities in mainland China between 2009 and 2014. A common time series regression model was applied to quantify the association between rainfall and HFMD for each of the 143 cities. Then, we adopted the meta-regression model to pool the city-specific estimates and explore the sources of heterogeneity by incorporating city-specific characteristics. Results The overall pooled estimation suggested a nonlinear exposure-response relationship between rainfall and HFMD. Once rainfall exceeded 15 mm, the HFMD risk stopped increasing linearly and began to plateau with the excessive risk ratio (ERR) peaking at 21 mm of rainfall (ERR = 3.46, 95% CI: 2.05, 4.88). We also found significant heterogeneity in the rainfall-HFMD relationships (I2 = 52.75%, P < 0.001). By incorporating the city-specific characteristics into the meta-regression model, temperature and student density can explain a substantial proportion of spatial heterogeneity with I2 statistics that decreased by 5.29 and 6.80% at most, respectively. Conclusions Our findings verified the nonlinear association between rainfall and HFMD. The rainfall-HFMD relationship also varies depending on locations. Therefore, the estimation of the rain-HFMD relationship of one location should not be generalized to another location.

scholarly journals Antibody response of sheep to simultaneous vaccine administration of foot and mouth disease, blue tongue, peste des pestits ruminants , and sheep-goat pox antigens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyhan Sareyyüpoğlu ◽  
Veli Gülyaz ◽  
Fahriye Saraç ◽  
Serdar Uzar ◽  
Özden Kabaklı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Difference

Abstract There are many infectious animal diseases in Turkey and generally vaccination is the prime control strategy to combat them. However, it is difficult to apply all vaccines in a definite period in the field due to limitations of the labor and finance. The rapid vaccination and effective use of labor can be possible with the help of simultaneous vaccines administrations. The aim of the study is to show the effects of simultaneous foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), peste des pestits ruminants (PPR), sheep-goat pox (SGP) and bluetongue (BT) vaccine administration on the antibody response of sheep. For this aim, 30 sheep were divided in to the one experiment and 5 control groups. Blood samples collected in each group at 30 and 60 days post-vaccination (DPV). Immune response was measured with virus neutralization test (VNT), liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) for FMDV, VNT for BTV and PPR. A live virus challenge study was performed to determine the immune response of SGP vaccine. As a result, antibody titers for each vaccine agent decreased on 60 DPV with the simultaneous vaccination. The difference between means of antibody titers with single and simultaneous vaccinations are significant especially for BTV and PPR vaccines at 60DPV (p < 0.05). It was concluded that four vaccines can not be used simultaneously in sheep.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

High resolution surface structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
S. S. Breese ◽  
H. L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Models for the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proposed from chemical and physical measurements (Brown, et al., 1970; Talbot and Brown, 1972; Strohmaier and Adam, 1976) and from rotational image-enhancement electron microscopy (Breese, et al., 1965). In this report we examine the surface structure of FMDV particles by high resolution electron microscopy and compare it with that of particles in which the outermost capsid protein VP3 (ca. 30, 000 daltons) has been split into smaller segments, two of which VP3a and VP3b have molecular weights of about 15, 000 daltons (Bachrach, et al., 1975).Highly purified and concentrated type A12, strain 119 FMDV (5 mg/ml) was prepared as previously described (Bachrach, et al., 1964) and stored at 4°C in 0. 2 M KC1-0. 5 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 5. For electron microscopy, 1. 0 ml samples of purified virus and trypsin-treated virus were dialyzed at 4°C against 0. 2 M NH4OAC at pH 7. 3, deposited onto carbonized formvar-coated copper screens and stained with phosphotungstic acid, pH 7. 3.

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