scholarly journals Swimming-associated outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PAUNIO ◽  
R. PEBODY ◽  
M. KESKIMÄKI ◽  
M. KOKKI ◽  
P. RUUTU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Control Study

In 1997 the first outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infections involving 14 cases occurred in Finland. A case was defined as a resident of Alavus with an episode of diarrhoea between 5 and 17 July 1997, and from whom E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 was isolated from stool. The investigation included case searching and a population-based case control study. Five primary and eight symptomatic secondary cases of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 illness were detected. In the 10 days before the outbreak, all 5 primary patients (aged 3–8 years), but only 6 of 32 population controls from the same age range (Fisher's test, P<0·001) and 4 of 10 sibling controls (P<0·05) had visited (but had not necessarily bathed in) a shallow beach popular among young children. Four out of 5 primary cases had remained within 5 m of the beach while swimming and had swallowed lake water compared to 1 of 5 population controls. These analytical epidemiologic findings incriminated fresh lake water as the vehicle of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 transmission.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to salami, British Columbia, Canada, 1999

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. MacDONALD ◽  
M. FYFE ◽  
A. PACCAGNELLA ◽  
A. TRINIDAD ◽  
K. LOUIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

An outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections was identified in November 1999 with a fivefold increase in the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection. A matched case-control study was conducted. Samples of food from cases and from retailers were analysed for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. A total of 143 cases were identified over a 12-week period with the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. The case-control study found that Company A salami was significantly associated with illness (Mantel–Haenszel matched odds ratio 10·0, 95% CI 1·4–434, P=0·01). Company A salami tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 and isolates had the same PFGE pattern as case isolates. An immediate voluntary national recall of Company A dry fermented meat products took place. Findings from the investigation of this outbreak suggest that the hold-and-test option may not be adequate to prevent shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) infection in salami consumers.

scholarly journals Risk factors for Escherichia coli bacteraemia: a population-based case-control study

The Lancet ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. S85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Song ◽  
Angharad Walters ◽  
Damon Berridge ◽  
Ashley Akbari ◽  
Meirion Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals 717. Antibiotic treatment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli related gastroenteritis and the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome: a population based matched case-control study in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S409-S410
Author(s):  
Shota Myojin ◽  
Kyongsun Pak ◽  
Mayumi Sako ◽  
Tohru Kobayashi ◽  
Takuri Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The role of therapeutic intervention, particularly antibiotics, for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) related infection is controversial. Methods We performed a population based matched case-control study to assess the association between treatment (antibiotics, antidiarrheal agents and probiotics) for STEC related infections and HUS development. We identified all STEC HUS patients as cases and matched five non-HUS patients as controls using the data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018. Further medical information was obtained by standardized questionnaires answered by physicians who registered each patient. We used multivariate conditional logistic regression model to evaluate the association between exposures (use of antibiotics, use of antidiarrheal agents, days between disease onset and fosfomycin administration [within two or three days]) and the development of HUS, by matched odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Covariates we used were sex, age group, area code, presence of diarrhea and other factors. We also performed subgroup analyses using age (adults and children) as a stratification factor. Results 7,760 STEC related patients were registered in the NESID. We selected patients who had a record of HUS diagnosis (n=182) and matched controls without HUS (n=910). After collecting standardized paper-based questionnaires, we enrolled 90 HUS patients and 371 non-HUS patients for analysis. In the main analysis, matched OR of fosfomycin was 0.75(0.47-1.20) in all ages, 1.41(0.51-3.88) in adults and 0.58(0.34-1.01) in children. Matched OR of antidiarrheal agents was 2.07(1.07-4.03) in all ages, 1.84(0.32-10.53) in adults, 2.65(1.21-5.82) in children. Matched OR of probiotics was 0.86(0.46-1.61) in all ages, 0.76(0.21-2.71) in adults, 1.00(0.48-2.09) in children. There was no significant association between the timing of fosfomycin use in the first two or five days of illness and HUS development in any age group. Conclusion Our results suggest that fosfomycin might decrease the risk of HUS in children younger than 15 years of age with STEC confirmed bacterial gastroenteritis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Asthma and Risk of Community-Acquired Blood Stream Infection Caused by Escherichia Coli: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. AB152
Author(s):  
Hyeon Jong Jong Yang ◽  
Duk Won Bang ◽  
Eell Ryoo ◽  
Larry Baddour ◽  
Majdi Al-Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Infection with Escherichia coli in Nursing Home Residents Colonized with Fluoroquinolone-Resistant E. coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Manning ◽  
Ebbing Lautenbach ◽  
Pam Tolomeo ◽  
Jennifer H. Han
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Clinical Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Control Study

A case-control study to determine risk factors for clinical infection with Escherichia coli was conducted among nursing home residents colonized with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. Among 94 subjects, 11 (12%) developed infections with E. coli. Risk factors included the presence of a urinary catheter or tracheostomy, diabetes mellitus, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole exposure.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3

scholarly journals Use of an ingredient-based analysis to investigate a national outbreak of Escherichia coli O157, United Kingdom, July 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gardiner ◽  
Maya Gobin ◽  
Neville Q Verlander ◽  
Isabel Oliver ◽  
Jeremy Hawker
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Menu Item ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
The Common ◽  
Control Study

Public Health England was alerted to a national outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 PT34 in July 2016. Early investigations suggested that the likely source was a salad item consumed outside of the home. A number of cases reported consuming meals at a staff canteen (Venue A) and a garden café (Venue B). Both venues shared a common salad supplier. An investigation was undertaken to measure associations between salad items and illness using an 'ingredient-based analysis'. A retrospective case–control study was conducted using an online questionnaire to collect information on menu items consumed at each venue. Chefs at both venues were interviewed to identify ingredients contained within each menu item. Both venues were pooled together for multivariable analysis measuring associations at the ingredient level. Among 203 responses, 24 cases were identified (13 confirmed, two probable and nine possible). Case onsets ranged between 7 and 25 June 2016. Multivariable analysis identified strong evidence that only baby mixed-leaf salad from the common supplier was a vehicle of infection (adjusted odds ratio = 13.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.6–106.5). Identifying the specific salad ingredient associated with illness was made possible by using an ingredient-based analysis. We recommend the increased use of ingredient-based analyses.

scholarly journals 1396. Risk Factors for Brain Abscess: A Nationwide Population-based Nested Case–Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S507-S508
Author(s):  
Jacob Bodilsen ◽  
Michael Dalager-Pedersen ◽  
Diederik van de Beek ◽  
Matthijs C Brouwer ◽  
Henrik Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Knowledge of risk factors for brain abscess is limited and relies on single-center cohorts without control groups. Methods We accessed nationwide medical registries to conduct a population-based nested case–control study of risk factors for brain abscess. We applied risk set sampling for selection of population controls (1:10) individually matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Next, population attributable fractions were calculated. Results We identified 1,384 brain abscess patients in Denmark from 1982 through 2016 and 13,839 matched population controls. The median age was 50 years (interquartile range 33–63) and 37% were female. Cases often had a Charlson comorbidity score>2 (16%) compared with controls (3%). Adjusted ORs were: head trauma 2.15 (1.72–2.70), neurosurgery 19.3 (14.3–26.0), dental infection 4.61 (3.39–6.26) or surgery 2.57 (1.71–3.84), ear-nose-throat infection 3.81 (3.11–4.67) or surgery 2.85 (2.21–3.70), congenital heart disease 15.6 (9.57–25.4), diabetes mellitus 1.74 (1.33–2.29), alcohol abuse 2.22 (1.58–3.11), liver disease 2.37 (1.53–3.68), kidney disease 2.04 (1.30–3.20), and lung abscess or bronchiectasis 8.15 (3.59–18.5). The aORs were 4.12 (3.37–5.04) and 8.77 (5.66–13.6) for solid and hematological cancer, 12.0 (6.13–23.7) for HIV, and 5.71 (4.22–7.75) for immuno-modulating treatments. Risks were twice as high when risk factors were observed within 5 years before brain abscess. Population attributable fractions showed that neurosurgery (12%), solid cancer (11%), ear-nose-throat infections (7%) and immuno-modulating treatments (5%) were substantial contributors to occurrence of brain abscess. Conclusion Important risk factors included neurosurgery, cancer, ear-nose-throat infections and immuno-modulating treatments Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals 1434. Risk Factors for Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli in Children: A Case–Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S523-S524
Author(s):  
Frank Zhu ◽  
Rodado Maria ◽  
Basim Asmar ◽  
Hossein Salimnia ◽  
Ronald Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli. However, the risk factors of ESBL-producing bacteria in community-acquired (CA)-UTI in children in the USA remain unclear. Methods A retrospective case–control study of UTI due to CA-ESBL-producing E. coli during a 5-year period (2011–2016) was performed. Control cases of non-ESBL-producing E. coli UTI were matched by age, gender, and year of infection. Medical records were manually reviewed to collect data for potential risk factors for ESBL-positive infection. Results A total of 111 patients with ESBL-producing E coli UTI and 103 control patients were included. The proportion of ESBL-producing E coli UTI ranged from 7% to 15% per year. The median age was 4 years with female predominance (84%). The ESBL group was predominantly African American (32%) followed by patients of Middle Eastern (ME) ethnic background (31%). Risk factors by univariate analysis were vesicoureteral reflux (VUR): (20.9 ESBL group vs. 6% controls; P = 0.002), prior antibiotic usage in the previous 3 months (including β-lactams), prior UTI (last 3 months), recent hospitalization (last 3 months) and ME ethnic background. However, multivariate analysis showed that only prior antibiotic usage (P = 0.001) and ME ethnic background (P < 0.001) remained statistically significant. 18% (11/60) of patients exposed to prior antibiotic use in the ESBL group were on long-term antibiotic prophylaxis for VUR. Conclusion Risk factors for CA-ESBL-producing E coli UTI in children were: (1) antibiotic usage within the previous 3 months and (2) ME background. Prior antibiotic usage as a risk factor reinforces the need for judicious use of antibiotics. The high percentage of patients in this group (18%) receiving long-term antibiotic prophylaxis for VUR warrants further study as this practice may increase the prevalence of ESBL-producing infections in a population at high risk for UTI. The increased risk among children of ME ethnic background warrants further study to evaluate possible additional associated risk factors such as recent international travel or contact with international travelers. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and other causes of childhood diarrhoea: a case–control study in children living in a wastewater-use area in Hanoi, Vietnam

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Thi Thu Hien ◽  
Do Thuy Trang ◽  
Flemming Scheutz ◽  
Phung Dac Cam ◽  
Kåre Mølbak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Case Control ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Control Study

A case–control study was conducted to identify the aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in pre-school children in a suburban area of Hanoi where the use of untreated wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture is a common practice. Stool specimens and clinical information were collected from 111 pairs of children with diarrhoea and healthy controls. A total of 73 cases (66 %) and 41 controls (36 %) had an enteric pathogen. The pathogens most often associated with diarrhoea were rotavirus (17 % of cases) and Entamoeba histolytica (15 %), followed by Shigella (5 %). Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) was found in 23 % of both patients and controls. Characterization of DEC by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test and PFGE showed that DEC represented by different pathotypes belonged to various serotypes. Except for three enterotoxigenic E. coli strains, typing by PFGE revealed no correlation between pathotype and serotype of DEC strains. This suggests a high prevalence of a variety of DEC subtypes in this area. For this particular region, vaccine development strategies targeting rotavirus and Shigella are likely to be of public health benefit, whereas the role of DEC and preventive measures need to be further elaborated.

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