scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 from human and environmental sources in Malaysia

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. RADU ◽  
Y. K. HO ◽  
S. LIHAN ◽  
YUHERMAN ◽  
G. RUSUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Wide Variability

A total of 31 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 (10 from outbreak cases and 7 from surface water) and non-O1 (4 from clinical and 10 from surface water sources) isolated between 1993 and 1997 were examined with respect to presence of cholera enterotoxin (CT) gene by PCR-based assays, resistance to antibiotics, plasmid profiles and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. All were resistant to 9 or more of the 17 antibiotics tested. Identical antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates may indicate that they share a common mode of developing antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the multiple antibiotic resistance indexing showed that all strains tested originated from high risk contamination. Plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of small plasmids in 12 (7 non-O1 and 5 O1 serotypes) with sizes ranging 1·3–4·6 MDa. The CT gene was detected in all clinical isolates but was present in only 14 (6 O1 serotype and 8 non-O1 serotype) isolates from environmental waters. The genetic relatedness of the clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 strains was investigated by RAPD fingerprinting with four primers. The four primers generated polymorphisms in all 31 strains of Vibrio cholerae tested, producing bands ranging from <250 to 4500 bp. The RAPD profiles revealed a wide variability and no correlation with the source of isolation. This study provides evidence that Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 have significant public health implications.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Virulence Determinants of Different SCCmec and Pulsotypes of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from a Major Hospital in Ilam, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Abbasi ◽  
Majid BaseriSalehi ◽  
Nima Bahador ◽  
Morovat Taherikalani
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aims & Objectives:The aim of this studyisto evaluate genetic relatedness, antibiotic resistance pattern, and virulence characteristics of different types ofS. aureusisolated from air, surfaces, staff, and patients in a Public hospital in Ilam.Methods & Materials:A total of 88 of 140 staphylococci identified asS. aureusby conventional and molecular methods were used in this study. Isolate samples were obtained from surfaces, staff, patients, and hospital indoor air. The sampling from staff and surfaces was done through using swab and air by standard pump. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and presence different resistant and virulence determinants was assessed. Isolates were then typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and SCCmectyping methods.Results:Out of 88isolates, 36 of them (40.9%) were MRSA. Among MRSA isolates, the range of resistance to antibiotic was 0% in vancomycin to 83.3% in gentamycin. The most prevalent resistant genes among gentamicin resistantS. aureuswereacc (6')/aph (2”)Iaandaph(3”)IIIa. The most common erythromycin resistant gene wasermC. Surprisingly, SCCmectypes I (30.5%), II (25%)were highly distributed. PFGE analysis showed 33 different pulsotypes.Conclusion:This study confirms that different isolates of MSSA and MRSA circulate in Ilam which differ in antimicrobial susceptibility, content of resistance, and virulence determinants.

scholarly journals Effects of plasmid curing on Rhizobium spp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukitu Nahar ◽  
Zinat Mahal ◽  
Hasan M Zahid ◽  
Khadiza Zaman ◽  
Fahmida Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Rhizobial Strain ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Rhizobial Species ◽  
Rhizobium Spp ◽  
The Difference

Present study was carried out to determine the difference between the wild type rhizobial strains and plasmid cured strains for some important characteristics such as antibiotic resistance. The rhizobial strains were isolated from locally produced legumes of different varieties such as Pisum sativum, Sesbania aculeata, Vigna mungo, Phaseolus vulgaris, Lens culinaris and Arachis hypogea.They were purified and subjected to various morphological, cultural and biochemical analysis, and also to antibiogram. All the strains showed resistance against amoxicillin and bacitracin, and exhibited higher (50% or more) resistance against ampicillin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid and strptomycin. The isolates were then subjected to plasmid profile analysis. To determine appropriate dose for plasmid curing, Sesbania nodulating rhizobial strain was treated with different concentrations of acridine orange (plasmid curing agent). Rhizobial growth was found in yeast mannitol broth after curing with 30 ?g/ml of acridine orrange. The rhizobial strain was found to be sensitive against amoxicillin, streptomycin and ampicillin after plasmid curing and no exopolysaccharides were found. The present study reveals that the plasmid in rhizobial species might confer the antibiotic resistance and possibly involve in maintaining symbiotic relationships. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v2i1.15212 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.2(1) 2012: 34-37

scholarly journals Plasmidic Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Isolates in Argentina

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1462-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Petroni ◽  
Alejandra Corso ◽  
Roberto Melano ◽  
María Luisa Cacace ◽  
Ana María Bru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Susceptibility Analysis ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

ABSTRACT Since 1992 there have been seven major outbreaks of cholera in Argentina. Susceptibility analysis of 1,947 isolates (40% of reported cases) of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor suggested the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in 28 isolates. Because of their different susceptibility profiles, V. cholerae isolates M1502, M1516, M1573, and M3030 (all of which are of the Ogawa serotype) were selected for the present study. By susceptibility analysis, isoelectric focusing, and PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, CTX-M-type enzymes were identified in three isolates, whereas a PER-2-type enzyme, in addition to a TEM-1-like enzyme, was identified in the other isolate. The presence of these ESBLs in V. cholerae isolates resulted in MICs well below those commonly observed for members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Genes that encode both ESBLs were transferred to Escherichia coli by conjugation, together with all determinants of resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics (gentamicin, kanamycin, and sulfamethoxazole for all isolates; amikacin and streptomycin for three isolates; trimethoprim, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol for two isolates). Plasmid profile analysis and Southern blotting revealed the presence of single plasmids of about 150 kb in the four V. cholerae isolates and their respective transconjugants and revealed that the plasmids harbored genes encoding CTX-M-type or PER-2-type ESBLs. These results strongly suggest the broad spread of these ESBLs among genera belong to families other than the Enterobacteriaceae.

scholarly journals Shifting serotypes, plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigellae strains isolated from Kolkata, India during 1995–2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DUTTA ◽  
K. RAJENDRAN ◽  
S. ROY ◽  
A. CHATTERJEE ◽  
P. DUTTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

One hundred and sixty-six shigellae strains, isolated from stool samples of paediatric patients (<5 years old) at a Childrens' Hospital in Kolkata, India during the period of 1995–2000 were examined for serotyping, drug resistance pattern and plasmid profiles. Sh. flexneri (58%) was found to be commonest isolate of total shigellae, followed by Sh. sonnei (28%), Sh. boydii (9%) and Sh. dysenteriae (5%). This profile of species was in sharp contrast to the picture obtained before 1995, when Sh. dysenteriae 1 predominated over Sh. flexneri. In Sh. flexneri strains, Sh. flexneri 2a (35%) was the most prevalent serotype, following Sh. flexneri 3a (31%), Sh. flexneri 6 (14%), Sh. flexneri 2b (11%) and Sh. flexneri 4 (9%). Resistance patterns of the strains to 12 commonly used antimicrobial agents and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics were also tested. All strains were found uniformly susceptible to norfloxacin, but more than 90% strains were resistant to tetracycline, co-trimoxazole and 67% strains were resistant to ampicillin. Resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid was found in 55% (range 45–74%), 46% (range 40–60%) and 29% (range 15–40%) strains respectively. Overall, shigellae strains showed statistically significant increase in resistance against tetracycline, nalidixic acid and furazolidone (P<0.05) over the years of this study. This indicates decreased efficacy of furazolidone, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid for the empirical treatment of shigellosis in Kolkata. Although a few strains showed intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (4%) and cefotaxime (10%) by disk diffusion test, but the MICs of those antibiotics were within the normal limits. Almost 57% of the strains were resistant to four or more drugs with high MICs of the antibiotics. Plasmid profile analysis revealed presence of large plasmid of 220 kb in majority of the strains except in Sh. sonnei and a correlation between presence of smaller plasmids and shigellae serotypes. Hence this study reports epidemiological change of shigellae species in Kolkata, India with regard to serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns.

scholarly journals Occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance and R plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from children in the Sudan

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shears ◽  
G. Suliman ◽  
C. A. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYThe prevalence of resistance to six commonly-used antimicrobial agents in faecal coliforms from children in Khartoum, Sudan was studied. A relatively high prevalence of resistance was found, ranging from 96% of children with isolates resistant to ampicillin to 70% of children with isolates resistant to chloramphenicol. Seventy-seven percent of children had isolates with high-level resistance to trimethoprim (MIC > 1000 μg/ml). Twenty-nine different resistance patterns were found. Thirty-nine percent of the children had isolates resistant to all six antibiotics studied, and 80% of children had isolates resistant to at least four. Transfer of resistance to each of the antimicrobials, in varying combinations, was demonstrated, but did not occur for all resistance patterns. Plasmid analysis showed plasmids ranging from 160 MDa to 2·8 MDa and isolates contained from one to five plasmids of different sizes. There were no consistent relationships between resistance pattern and plasmid profile, but multiple resistance transfer was mediated commonly by plasmids with a molecular weight of 62 MDa.The high prevalence of potentially transferable antibiotic resistance in gut commensals of children in the Sudan may be of importance in the management of enteric and other infections requiring antimicrobial treatment.

scholarly journals Isolation, detection of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, plasmid profile, and molecular typing among Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Malaysian seawater from recreational beaches and fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1140-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orooba Meteab Faja ◽  
Ali Abd Sharad ◽  
Khansa Mohammed Younis ◽  
Merriam Ghadhanfar Alwan ◽  
Basima Jasim Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Recreational Beaches ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background and Aim: Despite the importance of the global emergence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections worldwide, there has been scanty information on its occurrence in Malaysian seawaters and fish. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus isolates using polymerase chain reaction targeted at toxin operon gene, thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), and tdh-related hemolysin genes and to determine antibiotic resistance pattern, genes, and plasmid profile of V. parahaemolyticus from Malaysian seawaters and fish. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from four recreational beaches in Malaysia (Port Klang; Bachok; Port Dickson; and Mersing). Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar and chromogenic Vibrio agar were used for isolation and identification. Colonies with yellow color on TCBS and green color on chromogenic vibrio (CV) agar were considered to be V. parahaemolyticus and they were subjected to biochemical tests. All V. parahaemolyticus isolates were further subjected to identification using seven specific gene markers. Results: Seventy-three Vibrio isolates were recovered. Only one gene tdh> from seawater isolates of Vibrio has high virulence gene percentage (95.23%). Two genes alkaline serine protease (asp) and (tdh) had high percentage of virulence (83.87% and 80.64%, respectively) from fish. Comparatively, fish isolates have a higher virulence percentage compared to seawater isolates. Only gene streptomycin resistance B (strB) from seawater had 100% of the resistance genes. All isolates were multi-antibiotic resistant. Seventeen antibiotic resistance patterns were observed. The isolates had plasmids of varying sizes ranging from 2.7 kb to 42.4 kb. Dendrogram based on antibiotic resistance patterns of V. parahaemolyticus isolates discriminated the isolates into three clusters. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the occurrence of pathogenic, multi-antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains in Malaysian coastal waters and fish, and this could constitute potential public health risks.

scholarly journals Genetic Relatedness of SalmonellaIsolates from Nondomestic Birds in Southeastern United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1860-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene R. Hudson ◽  
Charlotte Quist ◽  
Margie D. Lee ◽  
Kathleen Keyes ◽  
Sara V. Dodson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Pet Birds

Salmonella infections have been implicated in large-scale die-offs of wild birds in the United States. Although we know quite a bit about the epidemiology of Salmonellainfection among domestic fowl, we know little about the incidence, epidemiology, and genetic relatedness of salmonellae in nondomestic birds. To gain further insight into salmonellae in these hosts, 22Salmonella isolates from diseased nondomestic birds were screened for the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance-associated genes and compared genetically using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Of the 22 Salmonella isolates examined, 15 were positive for the invasion gene invA and the virulence plasmid-associated genes spvC and pef. Most (15 of 22) were generally sensitive to antibiotics. However, twoSalmonella isolates from pet birds were identified asSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Despite the general susceptibility of these Salmonella isolates to most antimicrobial agents, antibiotic resistance-associated genesintI1, merA, and aadA1 were identified in a number of these isolates. Five distinctXbaI and nine distinct BlnI DNA patterns were observed for the 22 Salmonella isolates typed by PFGE. PFGE analysis determined that Salmonella isolates from passerines in Georgia and Wyoming were genetically related.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Case Study: Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Batlama Creek in Giresun, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Akkan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Weak Resistance

Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from the freshwater of the Batlama Creek in Giresun, to measure their resistance levels against to antibiotics. A total of 9 antibiotics disc were applied for the resistance test. Antibiotic resistances of all isolates were at percentages for ampicillin (75%), erythromycin (64%), nalidixic acid (48%), tetracycline (39%), amikacin (34%), cefazolin and chloramphenicol (33%), cefuroxime (32%) and cefotaxime (23%), respectively. The highest resistant strain was resistant against to 9 antibiotics, while the weak resistance of 16 isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics. Moreover, Multiple antibiotic resistance index values were found to be higher than 0.2 for 77% of all isolates. High resistances of examined bacteria against to antibiotics indicated a dense and multisource pollution in the Batlama Creek. Consequently, a need for good surveillance programs to monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns in surface water bodies.

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