scholarly journals Isolation, detection of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, plasmid profile, and molecular typing among Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Malaysian seawater from recreational beaches and fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1140-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orooba Meteab Faja ◽  
Ali Abd Sharad ◽  
Khansa Mohammed Younis ◽  
Merriam Ghadhanfar Alwan ◽  
Basima Jasim Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Recreational Beaches ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background and Aim: Despite the importance of the global emergence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections worldwide, there has been scanty information on its occurrence in Malaysian seawaters and fish. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus isolates using polymerase chain reaction targeted at toxin operon gene, thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), and tdh-related hemolysin genes and to determine antibiotic resistance pattern, genes, and plasmid profile of V. parahaemolyticus from Malaysian seawaters and fish. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from four recreational beaches in Malaysia (Port Klang; Bachok; Port Dickson; and Mersing). Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar and chromogenic Vibrio agar were used for isolation and identification. Colonies with yellow color on TCBS and green color on chromogenic vibrio (CV) agar were considered to be V. parahaemolyticus and they were subjected to biochemical tests. All V. parahaemolyticus isolates were further subjected to identification using seven specific gene markers. Results: Seventy-three Vibrio isolates were recovered. Only one gene tdh> from seawater isolates of Vibrio has high virulence gene percentage (95.23%). Two genes alkaline serine protease (asp) and (tdh) had high percentage of virulence (83.87% and 80.64%, respectively) from fish. Comparatively, fish isolates have a higher virulence percentage compared to seawater isolates. Only gene streptomycin resistance B (strB) from seawater had 100% of the resistance genes. All isolates were multi-antibiotic resistant. Seventeen antibiotic resistance patterns were observed. The isolates had plasmids of varying sizes ranging from 2.7 kb to 42.4 kb. Dendrogram based on antibiotic resistance patterns of V. parahaemolyticus isolates discriminated the isolates into three clusters. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the occurrence of pathogenic, multi-antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains in Malaysian coastal waters and fish, and this could constitute potential public health risks.

scholarly journals Report of Antibiotic Resistance in Urban and Rural Wastewaters from West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Meesha Singh ◽  
Rupsha Karmakar ◽  
Sayak Ganguli ◽  
Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aims: This study aims at comparative identification of antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from samples collected from rural environment (LS) and urban environments (SS). Metagenomic profiling gave us insights into the microbial abundance of the two samples. This study focused on culture-based methods for complete identification of antibiotic resistant isolates and estimation of comparative antibiotic resistance among the two samples. Study Design: Untreated medical waste and anthropogenic waste disposal can lead to the propagation of different antibiotic resistant strains in wastewater environments both in urban and rural set ups which provide an insight towards this study approach mentioned in the methodology segment. Place and Duration of Study: Sewer system of a medical facility located in Purulia, India was the collection site for liquid sludge. Solid sludge and associated wastewater were collected in vicinity of a large urban medical facility from central Kolkata, India. Methodology: Physico-chemical properties were analyzed followed by microbiological and biochemical characterization. The antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay. Potent multidrug resistant isolates were identified using 16srRNA gene amplification followed by Phylogenetic profiling, using CLC Genomics workbench. Results: We observed maximum resistance in an E. coli isolate which was resistant up to 22 antibiotics. Combined data for resistance from urban and rural samples were found to exhibit 83.9% resistance to beta lactams, 85.7% to macrolides, 44.2% to fluoroquinolones, 50% to glycopeptides and cephalosporins, 35.7 % to carbapenems and sulfonamides, 28.5 % to tetracycline, and 23.8 % to aminoglycosides. Conclusion: The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria harbouring diverse resistance traits across samples indicated towards probable horizontal gene transfer across environmental niches. This study can prove to be useful to understand and map the patterns of resistance and stringently apply the counter measures related to public health practices.

Antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from faecal wastes in the environment and contaminated surface water

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Camiade ◽  
Josselin Bodilis ◽  
Naouel Chaftar ◽  
Wassila Riah-Anglet ◽  
Johan Gardères ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

ABSTRACT The Pseudomonas genus, which includes environmental and pathogenic species, is known to present antibiotic resistances, and can receive resistance genes from multi-resistant enteric bacteria released into the environment via faecal rejects. This study was aimed to investigate the resistome of Pseudomonas populations that have been in contact with these faecal bacteria. Thus, faecal discharges originating from human or cattle were sampled (from 12 points and two sampling campaigns) and 41 Pseudomonas species identified (316 isolates studied). The resistance phenotype to 25 antibiotics was determined in all isolates, and we propose a specific antibiotic resistance pattern for 14 species (from 2 to 9 resistances). None showed resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, or polymyxins. Four species carried a very low number of resistances, with none to β-lactams. Interestingly, we observed the absence of the transcriptional activator soxR gene in these four species. No plasmid transfer was highlighted by conjugation assays, and a few class 1 but no class 2 integrons were detected in strains that may have received resistance genes from Enterobacteria. These results imply that the contribution of the Pseudomonas genus to the resistome of an ecosystem first depends on the structure of the Pseudomonas populations, as they may have very different resistance profiles.

scholarly journals Transmission of infectious drug resistance from animals to man

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Wells ◽  
O. B. James
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
R Factors

SUMMARYThe antibiotic resistance patterns of coliforms in faecal specimens from pigs and their human contacts were studied. The ability of the resistant coliforms to transfer their resistance in vitro to antibiotic-sensitive recipients was examined. The results showed that pigs which had received antibiotics carried more multiply-resistant, R-factor bearing coliforms than pigs which had not been given antibiotics. Human contacts of the antibiotic-treated pigs had a higher incidence of antibiotic-resistant coliforms with R-factors than human contacts of pigs which had not been given antibiotics. It is concluded that antibiotic treatment of farm, animals may lead to acquisition of antibiotic resistance by gut coliforms of man.

scholarly journals The mosaic architecture of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida pAsa4 plasmid and its consequences on antibiotic resistance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine H Tanaka ◽  
Antony T Vincent ◽  
Mélanie V Trudel ◽  
Valérie E Paquet ◽  
Michel Frenette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Genomic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonids, is an issue especially because many isolates of this bacterium display antibiotic resistances, which limit treatments against the disease. Recent results suggested the possible existence of alternative forms of pAsa4, a large plasmid found in A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and bearing multiple antibiotic resistance genes. The present study reveals the existence of two newly detected pAsa4 variants, pAsa4b and pAsa4c. We present the extensive characterization of the genomic architecture, the mobile genetic elements and the antimicrobial resistances genes of these plasmids in addition to the reference pAsa4 from the strain A449. The analysis showed differences between the three architectures with consequences on the content of resistance genes. The genomic plasticity of the three pAsa4 variants could be partially explained by the action of mobile genetic elements like insertion sequences. Isolates from Canada and Europe that bore similar antibiotic resistance patterns than pAsa4-bearing strains were genotyped and specific pAsa4 variants could be attributed to phenotypic profiles. pAsa4 and pAsa4c were found in Europe, while pAsa4b was found in Canada. The plasticity of pAsa4 variants related to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance indicates that these plasmids may pose a threat in terms of the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant A.salmonicida subsp. salmonicida bacteria.

scholarly journals 849. Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Reveals Diversity in Genetic Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S464-S466
Author(s):  
Ryan Beaver ◽  
Hosoon Choi ◽  
Chetan Jinadatha ◽  
Keith S Kaye ◽  
Piyali Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella variants are difficult to treat and have been reported with increasing frequency in hospitals. Whole genome multi-locus sequence typing (wg-MLST) of K. pneumoniae HAI isolates was used to compare antibiotic resistance genetic patterns against epidemiologic typing. Figure 1. Prevalence of ABX resistance genes for each drug class. Figure 2. Prevalence of ABX resistance genes by hospital. Methods Forty-six clinical bacterial HAI isolates were collected from patients admitted to two disparate tertiary care hospitals in Detroit, Michigan between 2017 and 2019. Data output from wg-MLST was de novo assembled using SPAdes (version 3.7.1) assembler on the Bionumerics calculation engine. Minimum spanning tree (MST) analysis categorized isolates into unique MLST Pasteur serotypes (ST). Antimicrobial resistance genes and/or chromosomal mutations were identified using the ResFinder Database (version 3.2). K. pneumoniae isolates were compared for antibiotic-resistance patterns by hospital, unit, and ST. Figure 3. Hospital 1 clusters and strains that detected gene qnr1, arranged by unit for visual comparison. Figure 4. Sample of clinically significant genes and prevalence, excluding SHV family of genes for simplicity. Results There was significant genetic diversity among the isolates, and no predominant strain was identified. MST analysis revealed 17 unique strains. Only six strains had genetically unique resistance genes detected in more than one isolate, and only three of six were hospital-specific; none were unit-specific. Out of the 75 unique resistance genes detected, only 8 genes had a prevalence >50%: oqxA (100%), oqxB (100%), fosA (89%), blaCTX-M-15 (76%), aac(6’)-Ib-cr (61%), blaTEM-1B (52%), blaOXA-1 (52%), and catB3 (52%). No colistin resistance genes were detected. Of the remaining 69 low-prevalence resistance genes, only 8 hospital-specific genes were detected in more than one isolate (qnrB1, blaSHV-1, blaSHV-110, ac(6’)-Ib3, blaCTX-M-3, blaSHV-36, blaSHV-80, blaSHV-178) with a prevalence range of 4%-22%. Conclusion Our genetic analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns and wg-MLST revealed significant heterogeneity among the isolates, indicating no common source of transmission for either hospital. Although K. pneumoniae is a very common nosocomial pathogen, etiologic analysis suggests diverse community strains (e.g., gut colonization) may actually be responsible for previously-designated HAI. Disclosures Chetan Jinadatha, MD, MPH, AHRQ (Research Grant or Support)Department of Veterans Affairs (Other Financial or Material Support, Owner: Department of Veterans Affairs. Licensed to: Xenex Disinfection System, San Antonio, TX)Inventor (Other Financial or Material Support, Methods for organizing the disinfection of one or more items contaminated with biological agents)NiH/NINR (Research Grant or Support)NSF (Research Grant or Support)Xenex Healthcare Services (Research Grant or Support) Mark Stibich, PhD MHS, Xenex Disinfection Services, Inc (Board Member, Employee)

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Antibiotic Resistance Patterns from Co-Grazing and Non-Co-Grazing Livestock and Wildlife Species from Two Farms in the Western Cape, South Africa

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Michaela Sannettha van den Honert ◽  
Pieter Andries Gouws ◽  
Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Although limited, studies have found conflicting results on whether co-grazing results in significant antibiotic resistance transfer between species. This type of farming system can act as a vector in the geographical spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic-resistant patterns between co-grazing and non-co-grazing livestock and wildlife species in South Africa. Escherichia coli was isolated from the faeces of various wildlife and livestock species from two farms in South Africa and was tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphafurazole, and tetracycline. A selection of some common antibiotic-resistant genes (blaCMY, aadA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, and tetB) were detected using PCR. The E. coli isolates from wildlife and livestock that co-grazed showed no significant differences in antibiotic resistance patterns. However, this was not the case for tetracycline resistance as the livestock isolates were significantly more resistant than the co-grazing wildlife isolates. The E. coli isolates from the non-co-grazing livestock and wildlife had significant differences in their antibiotic susceptibility patterns; the wildlife E. coli isolates were significantly more resistant to sulphafurazole and streptomycin than the livestock isolates, whilst those isolated from the cattle were significantly more resistant to ampicillin than the wildlife and sheep isolates. The results of this study suggest that there could be an exchange of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes between livestock and wildlife that co-graze.

scholarly journals The Wide Range of Antibiotic Resistance and Variability of Genotypic Profiles in Escherichia coli from Domestic Animals in Eastern Sicily

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nunziatina Russo ◽  
Alessandro Stamilla ◽  
Giuseppe Cascone ◽  
Cinzia Lucia Randazzo ◽  
Antonino Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

The emergence of multidrug resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in livestock poses a serious public health threat. Escherichia coli, a usual host of intestinal microbiota, is recognized also as etiological agent of numerous infections widespread in both humans and animals. The colibacillosis is one of the most reported zoonoses worldwide, typically treated with antibiotics in the primary stages. This strategy has promoted the onset of antibiotic-resistant serotypes of E. coli, reducing the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments and contributing to antibiotic resistance spread. The current study focused on biodiversity, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance profile of 104 E. coli strains isolated from domestic animals in Eastern Sicily. The strains were isolated from sick animals and carcasses of six different animal species and screened for resistance against 16 antibiotic molecules, as recommended by WHO and OIE. The antibiotic resistance patterns highlighted that all strains were multi-resistant, showing resistance to at least three antibiotic classes. The highest incidence of resistance was observed against amoxicillin (100%), tylosin (97%), sulfamethoxazole (98%), and erythromycin (92%), while the lowest for colistin (8%). The pathotype characterization identified two EPEC strains and the study of genetic linkage (PFGE) showed a wide variety of profiles. The current study emphasized the wide range of multidrug resistance and genotyping profiles in E. coli isolated in Easter Sicily.

Identification of drug-resistant phenotypes and resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from animal feces originating in Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-682
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Jingwen Gao ◽  
Jianpeng Gao ◽  
Dianhua Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Spectrum ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

This study examined the presence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the feces of 285 animals. Polymerase chain reaction tests verified the presence of E. faecalis from 49 pigs, 20 cows, 174 sheep, 17 horses, 21 chickens, and four dung beetles. Bacterial strains from different animals showed differences in susceptibility and resistance to the tested antimicrobials. The isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (6.32%), ciprofloxacin (40.00%), nitrofurantoin (1.40%), erythromycin (54.04%), streptomycin (82.11%), tetracycline (45.26%), amoxicillin (64.91%), penicillin (92.28%), and vancomycin (0.35%). The resistant strains also possessed varying complements of resistance genes including tem (77.89%), tetM (33.68%), gyrA (37.54%), parC (34.74%), aph(3′)-III (22.46%), aac(6′)/aph2″ (10.88%), and ant(6′)-I (8.42%). Genes for vancomycin resistance (vanB and vanC) and erythromycin resistance (mefA) were not detected. These results indicate high levels of antibiotic resistance among the isolates, although no positive correlation was observed between resistance genes and antibiotic resistance spectrum.

scholarly journals Resistance to Azithromycin and β-Lactam Antibiotics by Clinical Isolates of E. coli Isolated from Dhaka, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Mayen Uddin ◽  
Juthika Mandal ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Antibiotic resistant E. coli are prevalent in Bangladesh. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials and ready availability of over the counter drugs are responsible for this. This study was conducted to investigate the susceptibility of clinical Escherichia coli to the antibiotics Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Azithromycin. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine sensitivity to antimicrobials. Agar based assay was employed for the detection of efflux pumps. PCR was used amplify antibiotic resistance genes.All isolates were resistant to Ceftriaxone whereas most were sensitive to Imipenem. The MICs of Ceftazidime and Azithromycin ranged between 128 μg/ml and 256 μg/ml. The prevalence of ²-lactamase producers was 57.89 % with 36.84 % of the isolates exhibiting ESBL activity. No specific correlation could be found between plasmid sizes and antibiotic resistance patterns. Efflux pump was found to be involved in Azithromycin resistance in 63.15% of the isolates. The gene for phosphotransferase, mph(A) was the most common among the macrolide modifying genes, being present in 73.68% (14/19) of the isolates followed by both erm(A) anderm(C) esterases each present in 10.53% (2/19) isolates. This study concluded that clinical isolates of E. coli in Bangladesh could be resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics through different mechanisms of resistance. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 61-66

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