Spatial patterns of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the terrestrial environment at McMurdo Station, Antarctica

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Klein ◽  
Stephen T. Sweet ◽  
Terry L. Wade ◽  
José L. Sericano ◽  
Mahlon C. Kennicutt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Mcmurdo Station ◽  
Environmental Monitoring Programme

AbstractFossil fuels are used throughout the United States Antarctic Program. Accidental releases of petroleum hydrocarbons are the leading source of environmental contamination. Since 1999 McMurdo Station has been the site of the most extensive environmental monitoring programme in Antarctica. Nearly 2500 surface soil samples were collected from 1999–2007 to determine the spatial “footprint” of petroleum hydrocarbons. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations were measured using a high-resolution capillary gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection. Three distinct TPH patterns were detected: low molecular weight gasoline/JP5/AN8, residual weathered petroleum and an unresolved complex mixture of high molecular weight material. Overall TPH concentrations were low with 38% of the samples having TPH concentrations below 30 ppm and 58% below 100 ppm. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations above 30 ppm are largely confined to the central portions of the station, along roads and in other areas where elevated TPH would be expected. Peripheral areas typically have TPH concentrations below 15 ppm. Areas of elevated TPH concentrations are patchy and of limited spatial extent, seldom extending over distances of 100 m. This environmental monitoring programme is ongoing and can serve as an example to other Antarctic programmes concerned with monitoring environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Assessment of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wastewater from Selected Flow Stations in Agbada II, Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Akpan Esther Emmanuel ◽  
Obi Chidi ◽  
Kinigoma Boma
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Rivers State

Aims: This study evaluates total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in wastewaters from three locations of the oil-producing flow station in Rivers State. Study Design: By experiment and the results obtained by analytical means. Place and Duration of Study: This work was conducted at the Department of Industrial Chemistry/Petrochemical Technology, School of Science and Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria between February and August, 2021. Methodology: The evaluation was done using gas chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer Detector (GC-MSD). Results: Results obtained showed low levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons ranging from 0.051, 0.119, and 0.07 mg/l and 0.01, 0.06, and < 0.01 mg/l for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for the three locations, respectively. The results also revealed that the concentrations of the total petroleum hydrocarbons of the samples from the three locations were highest at carbon atom 17 suggesting a biogenic contribution of organic matter. The chromatographs obtained gave evidence that the nature of the contamination was minimally crude oil, because crude oil normally distributes in broad range, as observed in the locations samples as against the narrower carbon range of C8 to C40 characteristics of refined products. The pristane/phytane ratios, which were 0.925, 0.891 and 0.372 for the three samples, depicted an oxygenated environment. The C17/pristane ratios (39.53, 38.93, and 31.48) for all three locations revealed that the wastewaters were slightly weathered. The low concentrations as well as absence of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and higher concentrations of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons support the petrogenity of the wastewaters.  The phenanthrene/anthracene ratios (1.26, 0, and 0) for the three samples confirm the nature of the wastewaters. In addition, the absence of benzo(a)anthracene to chrysene ratio for all three samples point to proper treatment of the wastewaters. Conclusion: From this study, the level of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs) obtained from all the samples were lower than the maximum recommended levels by the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). This study recommends constant monitoring in the total petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic hydrocarbons concentrations because even at its low concentrations can be injurious to health of the people residing within the facility and beyond.

scholarly journals Nature monitoring: a tool for the evaluation of the preservation of synanthropic habitats

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Anna Bomanowska ◽  
Izabella Kirpluk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmental Monitoring Programme

AbstractThe article presents the results of nature monitoring in synanthropic habitats. It shows the organizational aspects of monitoring, a survey procedure, including its assessment for use in synanthropic habitats, and the key findings of the research, including the evaluation of the conservation status of habitats covered by the monitoring and influencing factors’ effects. Observations of segetal and ruderal habitats were carried out in 2013 within the Kampinos National Park, according to the recommendations specified in the State Environmental Monitoring Programme, with specific adjustment to the monitored habitats. We used, for example, modified indices for specific structures and functions, e.g., by introducing the index of “archaeophytes”, which was also adopted as a cardinal index for synanthropic habitats. The obtained results show the detailed information, collected during monitoring, on the current status of synanthropic habitats. They allowed to evaluate conservation status, threats and conservation prospects for these habitats. This is the first proposal for the standardized monitoring of synanthropic habitats in Poland.

scholarly journals BIOREMEDIATION OF A CAMBIC CHERNOZEM POLLUTED WITH PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Marinescu ◽  
M. Dumitru ◽  
Anca Lacatusu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The exploitation of petroleum has generated various sources of pollution in soil. In order to resolve this problem, several techniques have been developed. Physical and chemical methods are the most widely methods used for land treatment of oil polluted soils. These methods are expensive, ineffective and could cause a lot of damages on soil. The biological methods are not expensive and do not cause changes in the soil physical and chemical characteristics. Bioremediation is based on the capacity of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutant compounds, such as hydrocarbons. This study presents the preliminary results of a bioremediation alternative for soils polluted with crude oil (petroleum hydrocarbons). The bioremediation was achieved by increasing the microbial population by adding the fibers provided from celluloid wastes and bacteria inoculum. The paper presents the effect of a bioremediation treatment applied to a cambic chernozem polluted with 50000 mg kg-1 (5% crude oil) and 100000 mg kg-1 (10% crude oil) of a complex mixture of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH).

Effect of size upon metal content of shellfish

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Boyden
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Environmental Monitoring Programme

Studies of tissue metal concentrations in shellfish have progressed along two major lines: first, to record the range of concentrations within commercial species, a response to the need to identify potentially hazardous levels from a human nutritional standpoint; and second, to compare concentrations within a single species on a geographical basis as a framework for an environmental monitoring programme. Body size is a parameter which can influence tissue metal concentrations, and if significant variations due to size do occur, then clearly it is a factor which should be taken into consideration within these contexts.

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