Testing the Oregon delinquency model with 9-year follow-up of the Oregon Divorce Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S. Forgatch ◽  
Gerald R. Patterson ◽  
David S. Degarmo ◽  
Zintars G. Beldavs
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Peer Association

AbstractThis paper presents experimental tests of the Oregon delinquency model applied within a randomized design of an at-risk sample of single mothers and their elementary school-aged sons. In the theoretical model, ineffective parenting practices and deviant peer association serve as the primary mechanisms for growth in adolescent delinquent behavior and early arrests. Multiple-method assessments of 238 mothers and sons include delinquency as measured by teacher reports and official arrest records, parenting skills measured by observations of parent–child interactions, and deviant peer association as reported by focal boys. Analyses of the 9-year follow-up data indicate that the Oregon model of parent management training significantly reduced teacher-reported delinquency and police arrests for focal boys. As hypothesized, the experiments demonstrated that improving parenting practices and reducing contacts with deviant peers served as mediating mechanisms for reducing rates of adolescent delinquency. As predicted, there was also a significant delay in the timing of police arrests for youth in the experimental as compared to the control group.

Resurrecting the chimera: Progressions in parenting and peer processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S. Forgatch ◽  
James J. Snyder ◽  
Gerald R. Patterson ◽  
Michael R. Pauldine ◽  
Yvonne Chaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis report uses 6-year outcomes of the Oregon Divorce Study to examine the processes by which parenting practices affect deviant peer association during two developmental stages: early to middle childhood and late childhood to early adolescence. The participants were 238 newly divorced mothers and their 5- to 8-year-old sons who were randomly assigned to Parent Management Training—Oregon Model (PMTO®) or to a no-treatment control group. Parenting practices, child delinquent behavior, and deviant peer association were repeatedly assessed from baseline to 6 years after baseline using multiple methods and informants. PMTO had a beneficial effect on parenting practices relative to the control group. Two stage models linking changes in parenting generated by PMTO to children's growth in deviant peer association were supported. During the early to middle childhood stage, the relationship of improved parenting practices on deviant peer association was moderated by family socioeconomic status (SES); effective parenting was particularly important in mitigating deviant peer association for lower SES families whose children experience higher densities of deviant peers in schools and neighborhoods. During late childhood and early adolescence, the relationship of improved parenting to youths' growth in deviant peer association was mediated by reductions in the growth of delinquency during childhood; higher levels of early delinquency are likely to promote deviant peer association through processes of selective affiliation and reciprocal deviancy training. The results are discussed in terms of multilevel developmental progressions of diminished parenting, child involvement in deviancy producing processes in peer groups, and increased variety and severity of antisocial behavior, all exacerbated by ecological risks associated with low family SES.

Interrupting Coercion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S. Forgatch ◽  
Melanie M. Domenech Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parental Resistance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parent Management

The Oregon Model of Parent Management Training (PMTO) is an intervention based on the social interaction learning model, which posits coercion as a disruptor for family processes and outcomes. This chapter examines the role that coercion plays in the context of theory-based intervention, reviewing two randomized, controlled trials that evaluated coercive and positive parenting practices as mediators of outcomes. The studies examined the differential effects of changes on coercive and positive parenting as well as the orderly sequence of these changes and their mediating effects in short-term and longer term follow-up data. The chapter considers family contextual factors and their impact on change processes during intervention and includes a discussion of factors such as parental adjustment (depression, antisocial qualities) and stressful circumstances and their relationship to parental resistance during intervention. Practitioner variables and practices are examined as contributors to the change process. Some findings of resistance observed during therapy are discussed.

Development of a Program based on Goal Management Training for Adolescents with Executive Dysfunctions Complaints

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Garcia Nunes ◽  
Alessandra Gotuzo Seabra
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Goal Management ◽  
Executive Dysfunctions ◽  
Goal Management Training

Abstract This study aimed to develop a program based on Goal Management Training (GMT) and to investigate its effectiveness on executive functions, through formal instruments and an ecological task. Participants were 25 adolescents with complaints of executive dysfunctions. They underwent neuropsychological assessment of working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and intellectual ability. Participants also took part in a cooking activity and were evaluated for errors per action, of omission, activity performance time, recipe consultation. After, they were randomly allocated to an active control group (CG), which underwent psychoeducation sessions, and an experimental group (EG), stimulated through GMT in eight sessions. Then participants underwent another assessment and follow-up after 4 weeks. In post-intervention analyses, results showed an improvement in executive functions in EG, in the working memory measurement and time of the ecological activity (g = 1.78 and .93, respectively), IQ (g = −1.01), reasoning (g = −.89), flexibility (g = −1.21), and inhibition (g = −3.11). In follow-up evaluation, large-size effects were observed on flexibility (g = −2.95), inhibition (g = −5.78) and execution time of the ecological activity (g = .98). Significant interactions between assessment Time x Group revealed EG gains in IQ, scores in reasoning and flexibility. EG also had longer execution time in flexibility and inhibition tests. That is, EG had greater scores and probably was less impulsive in these tests. Furthermore, EG decreased the number of verifications and the time in the ecological task, that is, had a more efficient performance. Results suggest the intervention can be as instrument to promote executive function.

Coercion Theory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
School Readiness ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Success Stories

This chapter describes research supporting a stage model for the progression of antisocial behavior from early childhood through late adolescence. Early coercion within the family leads to growth in a child’s oppositional behavior, which in turn undermines school readiness and can precipitate early influence of deviant peers. Antisocial behaviors in middle childhood are prognostic of deviant peer group association in early adolescence. Involvement with deviant peers and deviancy training in adolescence account for the progression from antisocial behavior to violence, arrests, and multiple forms of problem behavior. The chapter reviews randomized intervention studies that have shown that parent management training leads to reduced coercion, increased positive interactions with parents, less deviant peer involvement, and ultimately, fewer serious antisocial behaviors in adolescence. In this sense, application of the coercion model to understanding and changing antisocial behavior is one of the few success stories of a translational research enterprise.

Adolescent Delinquency, Drinking, and Smoking

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Sanchagrin ◽  
Karen Heimer ◽  
Anthony Paik
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Social Network Data ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Youths who have deviant and delinquent friends are more likely to engage in delinquency. Interestingly, most quantitative studies of the association between deviant peers and deviant behavior have assumed that all peer connections have similar effects. Yet, it is possible that peer influence may vary depending on the characteristics of peers. Using social network data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examines the impact of same-sex and cross-sex friendships on deviance and delinquency in adolescent networks. The findings demonstrate that peer association is a significant predictor of delinquency for males, although its effects depend on the gender of boys’ friends. For females, by contrast, the link between associating with deviant peers and behavior is minimal once the stable characteristics of individuals are taken into account. Rather, social bonds are the most important predictors of delinquency.

Long-term follow-up of home-based behavioral management training provided by migraine patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S Voerman ◽  
Cora de Klerk ◽  
Saskia YM Mérelle ◽  
Elise Aartsen ◽  
Reinier Timman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Multi Level

Background Behavioral migraine approaches are effective in reducing headache attacks. Availability of treatment might be increased by using migraine patients as trainers. Therefore, Mérelle and colleagues developed and evaluated a home-based behavioral management training (BMT) by lay trainers ( 1 ). The maintenance of effects at long-term follow-up is studied in the present study. Method Measurements were taken pre-BMT (T0), post-BMT (T1), at six-month follow-up (T2), and at long-term follow-up, i.e. two to four years after BMT (T3). Data of 127 participants were analyzed with longitudinal multi-level analyses. Results Short-term improvements in attack frequency and self-efficacy post-BMT were maintained at long-term follow-up ( dT0–T3 = −.34 and dT0–T3 = .69, respectively). The level of internal control that increased during BMT decreased from post-BMT to long-term follow-up ( dT0–T3 = .18). Quality of life and migraine-related disability improved gradually over time ( dT0–T3 = .45 and dT0–T3 = −.26, respectively). Conclusions Although the results should be interpreted with caution because of the lack of a follow-up control group and the inability to gather information about additional treatments patients may have received during the follow-up period, the findings suggest that lay BMT for migraine may be beneficial over the long term. If so, this could make migraine treatments more widely available.

Randomized Study of PMTO in Foster Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 810-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becci A. Akin ◽  
Kyle Lang ◽  
Thomas P. McDonald ◽  
Yueqi Yan ◽  
Todd Little
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Children In Foster Care

Objective: This study examined the effects of Parent Management Training, Oregon (PMTO) model on parenting effectiveness and caregiver functioning. Method: Children in foster care with emotional and behavioral problems were randomized to PMTO ( n = 461) or services as usual ( n = 457) in a nonblinded study design. Using an intent-to-treat approach, analysis of covariance models tested the intervention’s overall effect and time interactions for parenting and caregiver functioning. Additional analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of outcomes. Results: PMTO did not significantly affect parenting practices; however, positive effects were observed on caregiver functioning in mental health (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.01), substance use ( OR = 1.67), social supports ( OR = 2.37), and readiness for reunification ( OR = 1.64). While no time interactions were detected, several child, parent, and case characteristics were associated with improvements in 6-month outcomes. Conclusion: This study extends evidence on PMTO to biological families of children in foster care, including those with older youth.

The effectiveness of parent management training in parent- child relationship and parental self-efficacy of mothers with autistic children

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 359-359
Author(s):  
K. Tahmassian ◽  
S. Khorramabadi
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Parent Management ◽  
Parent Child

IntroductionOne of the most significant stressors for families is extent of behaviour problems exhibited by children with developmental disabilities. These affects parental efficacy and parent-child relationship which are important variables for optimal parenting (Hastig and Brow, 2002).AimThe aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of parent management training to increase child-parent relationship and parental self-efficacy of mothers with autistic children.Methods30 mothers of children with autism (17 in experimental group and 13 in control group) were included. The experimental group participate in parent management training sessions includes behaviour modification techniques for 6 weeks. The scales of this research were Parenting Self-Agency Measure (Dumka, Storerzinge, Jackson and Koosa, 1996) and Parent _Child Relationship test (Pianta, 1994). t test were used to compare the meanings of pre-tests and post-tests.ResultsThe results indicate that there was significant differences between parenting self-efficacy (p < ./05) and parent-child relationship (p < ./001) scores. The experimental group's parental self-efficacy and positive parent-child relationship were significantly higher than control group and parent management trainings increase those important variables in mothers of children with autism.ConclusionParent management training programmes can enhance parental self-efficacy and parent-child relationship and prevent many problems in families with autistic children.

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