Coercion Theory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
School Readiness ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Success Stories

This chapter describes research supporting a stage model for the progression of antisocial behavior from early childhood through late adolescence. Early coercion within the family leads to growth in a child’s oppositional behavior, which in turn undermines school readiness and can precipitate early influence of deviant peers. Antisocial behaviors in middle childhood are prognostic of deviant peer group association in early adolescence. Involvement with deviant peers and deviancy training in adolescence account for the progression from antisocial behavior to violence, arrests, and multiple forms of problem behavior. The chapter reviews randomized intervention studies that have shown that parent management training leads to reduced coercion, increased positive interactions with parents, less deviant peer involvement, and ultimately, fewer serious antisocial behaviors in adolescence. In this sense, application of the coercion model to understanding and changing antisocial behavior is one of the few success stories of a translational research enterprise.

Testing the Oregon delinquency model with 9-year follow-up of the Oregon Divorce Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S. Forgatch ◽  
Gerald R. Patterson ◽  
David S. Degarmo ◽  
Zintars G. Beldavs
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Peer Association

AbstractThis paper presents experimental tests of the Oregon delinquency model applied within a randomized design of an at-risk sample of single mothers and their elementary school-aged sons. In the theoretical model, ineffective parenting practices and deviant peer association serve as the primary mechanisms for growth in adolescent delinquent behavior and early arrests. Multiple-method assessments of 238 mothers and sons include delinquency as measured by teacher reports and official arrest records, parenting skills measured by observations of parent–child interactions, and deviant peer association as reported by focal boys. Analyses of the 9-year follow-up data indicate that the Oregon model of parent management training significantly reduced teacher-reported delinquency and police arrests for focal boys. As hypothesized, the experiments demonstrated that improving parenting practices and reducing contacts with deviant peers served as mediating mechanisms for reducing rates of adolescent delinquency. As predicted, there was also a significant delay in the timing of police arrests for youth in the experimental as compared to the control group.

Resurrecting the chimera: Progressions in parenting and peer processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S. Forgatch ◽  
James J. Snyder ◽  
Gerald R. Patterson ◽  
Michael R. Pauldine ◽  
Yvonne Chaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis report uses 6-year outcomes of the Oregon Divorce Study to examine the processes by which parenting practices affect deviant peer association during two developmental stages: early to middle childhood and late childhood to early adolescence. The participants were 238 newly divorced mothers and their 5- to 8-year-old sons who were randomly assigned to Parent Management Training—Oregon Model (PMTO®) or to a no-treatment control group. Parenting practices, child delinquent behavior, and deviant peer association were repeatedly assessed from baseline to 6 years after baseline using multiple methods and informants. PMTO had a beneficial effect on parenting practices relative to the control group. Two stage models linking changes in parenting generated by PMTO to children's growth in deviant peer association were supported. During the early to middle childhood stage, the relationship of improved parenting practices on deviant peer association was moderated by family socioeconomic status (SES); effective parenting was particularly important in mitigating deviant peer association for lower SES families whose children experience higher densities of deviant peers in schools and neighborhoods. During late childhood and early adolescence, the relationship of improved parenting to youths' growth in deviant peer association was mediated by reductions in the growth of delinquency during childhood; higher levels of early delinquency are likely to promote deviant peer association through processes of selective affiliation and reciprocal deviancy training. The results are discussed in terms of multilevel developmental progressions of diminished parenting, child involvement in deviancy producing processes in peer groups, and increased variety and severity of antisocial behavior, all exacerbated by ecological risks associated with low family SES.

Family-Based Programs for Preventing Delinquency and Later Offending

2018 ◽  
pp. 652-672
Author(s):  
Brandon C. Welsh ◽  
Steven N. Zane
Keyword(s):  
Parent Education ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Parent Management ◽  
Research And Policy

This chapter reviews the leading family-based programs for preventing delinquency and later offending, focusing on the highest quality research studies as well as the most rigorous reviews of research that include only high-quality studies. It argues that by focusing on families we can go a long way toward improving the effectiveness of programs and policies to prevent delinquency and later criminal offending. As such, this chapter provides some background on family risk factors and family-based prevention programs. It then examines the research evidence on the leading family-based programs for preventing delinquency and later offending: parent education, parent management training, and family programs for system-involved youth. Finally, this chapter discusses some implications for research and policy.

Gender and Children's Social World: Esteemed and Marginalised Masculinities in the Primary School Playground

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the role played by the social worlds of primary school children in producing and reproducing a range of masculine identities. It describes the relatively gender-segregated nature of the culture of middle-childhood, arguing that the specific institutional context reinforces this segregation. The article outlines the range of masculinities documented in the primary school playground and examines the ways in which both the school institution and the peer-group define and police the boundaries of masculinity. The school negatively labels dominant, assertive males through certain institutional practices and attitudes. Certain boys with more androgynous styles are of higher status with peers in this context. The impact of other identities on the relative status of boys is examined. It is shown how those boys who are differently abled are of lower status. Peers perceive them as less socially mature. Their relative invisibility and stigmatisation is partly a consequence of institutional practices.

Saving Children from a Life of Crime: the Benefits Greatly Outweigh the Costs!

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Farrington ◽  
Brandon C. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Parent Education ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Communities That Care ◽  
Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care ◽  
Parent Management

SummaryThis article reviews some of the most effective programmes for saving children from a life of crime, and also presents the results of cost-benefit analyses of some of these programmes. The best programmes include general parent education in home visiting programmes, parent management training, pre-school intellectual enrichment programmes, child skills training, Functional Family Therapy, Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care and Multisystemic Therapy. Communities That Care is a useful overarching programme. Most of these programmes have been shown to reduce crime and save money. The time is ripe to establish national agencies in all countries which will advance knowledge about early risk factors (from longitudinal studies) and about effective developmental interventions (from randomized experiments and cost-benefit analyses).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document