Sympathetic nervous system functioning during the face-to-face still-face paradigm in the first year of life

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Louis Klein ◽  
Frances L. Doyle ◽  
Jaimie C. Northam ◽  
Valsamma Eapen ◽  
Paul J. Frick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Free Play ◽  
First Year ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Still Face Paradigm

Abstract Contemporary theories of early development and emerging child psychopathology all posit a major, if not central role for physiological responsiveness. To understand infants’ potential risk for emergent psychopathology, consideration is needed to both autonomic reactivity and environmental contexts (e.g., parent–child interactions). The current study maps infants’ arousal during the face-to-face still-face paradigm using skin conductance (n = 255 ethnically-diverse mother–infant dyads; 52.5% girls, mean infant age = 7.4 months; SD = 0.9 months). A novel statistical approach was designed to model the potential build-up of nonlinear counter electromotive force over the course of the task. Results showed a significant increase in infants’ skin conductance between the Baseline Free-play and the Still-Face phase, and a significant decrease in skin conductance during the Reunion Play when compared to the Still-Face phase. Skin conductance during the Reunion Play phase remained significantly higher than during the Baseline Play phase; indicating that infants had not fully recovered from the mild social stressor. These results further our understanding of infant arousal during dyadic interactions, and the role of caregivers in the development of emotion regulation during infancy.

scholarly journals The development of the cortisol response to dyadic stressors in Black and White infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1995-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dismukes ◽  
Elizabeth Shirtcliff ◽  
Christopher W. Jones ◽  
Charles Zeanah ◽  
Katherine Theall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Life ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Black And White ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Still Face Paradigm ◽  
Strange Situation Procedure

AbstractAcute reactivity of the stress hormone cortisol is reflective of early adversity and stress exposure, with some studies finding that the impact of adversity on the stress response differs by race. The objectives of the current study were to characterize cortisol reactivity to two dyadically based stress paradigms across the first year of life, to examine cortisol reactivity within Black and White infants, and to assess the impact of correlates of racial inequity including socioeconomic status, experiences of discrimination, and urban life stressors, as well as the buffering by racial socialization on cortisol patterns. Salivary cortisol reactivity was assessed at 4 months of age during the Still Face paradigm (N = 207) and at 12 months of age across the Strange Situation procedure (N = 129). Infants demonstrated the steepest recovery after the Still Face paradigm and steepest reactivity to the Strange Situation procedure. Race differences in cortisol were not present at 4 months but emerged at 12 months of age, with Black infants having higher cortisol. Experiences of discrimination contributed to cortisol differences within Black infants, suggesting that racial discrimination is already “under the skin” by 1 year of age. These findings suggest that race-related differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal reactivity are present in infancy, and that the first year of life is a crucial time period during which interventions and prevention efforts for maternal–infant dyads are most likely able to shape hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal reactivity thereby mitigating health disparities early across the life course.

scholarly journals Physiological synchrony is associated with cooperative success in real-life interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Behrens ◽  
J. A. Snijdewint ◽  
R. G. Moulder ◽  
E. Prochazkova ◽  
E. E. Sjak-Shie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Physiological Synchrony ◽  
Skin Conductance Levels ◽  
The Face

AbstractCooperation is pivotal for society to flourish. To foster cooperation, humans express and read intentions via explicit signals and subtle reflections of arousal visible in the face. Evidence is accumulating that humans synchronize these nonverbal expressions and the physiological mechanisms underlying them, potentially influencing cooperation. The current study is designed to verify this putative linkage between synchrony and cooperation. To that end, 152 participants played the Prisoner’s Dilemma game in a dyadic interaction setting, sometimes facing each other and sometimes not. Results showed that synchrony in both heart rate and skin conductance level emerged during face-to-face contact. However, only synchrony in skin conductance levels predicted cooperative success of dyads. Crucially, this positive linkage was strengthened when participants could see each other. These findings show the strong relationship between our bodily responses and social behavior, and emphasize the importance of studying social processes between rather than within individuals in real-life interactions.

scholarly journals Associations between Infant Behaviors during the Face-To-Face Still-Face Paradigm and Oppositional Defiant and Callous-Unemotional Behaviors in Early Childhood

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1439-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Wagner ◽  
W. Roger Mills-Koonce ◽  
Cathi B. Propper ◽  
Michael T. Willoughby ◽  
Pete D. Rehder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
The Face ◽  
Still Face Paradigm

scholarly journals Condylar hypoplasia: Clinical case

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Agnaldo Plácido da Silva ◽  
Eloá Jessica Mendes dos Santos Plácido ◽  
Walber Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Condylar Process ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Changes ◽  
First Year Of Life

The formation of the face and the stomatognathic system is complex in nature and involves the development of multiple tissue processes that must unite and fuse in an extremely orderly manner. Disorders in the growth of these tissue processes or in their fusions can result in facial changes. The temporomandibular joint is one of the most complex in the human body, with the condylar process responsible for the expression of mandibular growth. Condylar hypoplasia is characterized by a defective formation of the condylar process that can be congenital or acquired. In the case presented, the patient has facial asymmetry since the first year of life, only on the left side. Thus, professionals working in the region of the temporomandibular joint must have knowledge of the existence and clinical implications for an early diagnosis in order to avoid the development of facial asymmetries, restoring the patient’s function, aesthetics and psychological status.

scholarly journals The benefits of good tutor-student relationships in the first year

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Ella R Kahu ◽  
Catherine Picton
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
First Year ◽  
Student Relationships ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Teacher Student Relationships ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Face ◽  
Affective Dimensions

Teacher-student relationships (TSR) are an important influence on the student experience at university. Existing research, predominantly with lecturers, highlights that these relationships have academic and affective dimensions. Studies demonstrate good TSR increase student motivation, engagement, and learning. The current study adds a student voice to this topic, focussing on their views of tutoring staff, who undertake much of the face-to-face teaching in universities. The qualitative study followed 19 students through their first year at an Australian university. The students identified four characteristics of a ‘good’ tutor: helpful, caring, likeable, and hands-on. Students talked about multiple benefits of having a good tutor including increased help-seeking, studying harder, more interest in class, and improved well-being and belonging. The importance of the tutor role is underestimated and institutions would do well to better support these valuable staff.

scholarly journals Changing the face of academic skills workshops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Summative Assessment ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Academic Confidence ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Forward Guidance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Learning Development

The flipped approach offers flexibility in the way students learn and was adopted within Learning Development workshops to improve academic skills. Academic skills are predominantly taught using passive content, however the flipped approach looks to change the emphasis and provide active opportunities to understand taught knowledge. The sessions were delivered alongside self-paced, online, asynchronous content to scaffold academic skills and feed-forward guidance to inform summative assessment preparation. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of the flipped approach in delivering academic skills. A cohort of 50 first year students completed three face-to-face academic skills sessions together with the asynchronous content. Each were themed to develop different academic skills using subject specific examples. Attendance data was collected and a survey was used to evaluate the asynchronous content and measure the self-perceived academic confidence levels of students. To measure the success of the flipped approach this data was analysed together with the number of attempts at each e-tivity and the formative and summative grades. Results demonstrated those who attended two or more sessions (57.7% +/- 1.43) had a significantly higher summative score (p=0.041) than those who attended 1 or less (51.7% +/- 2.73). The summative grades and the number of attempts at the asynchronous content demonstrated a positive linear relationship for e-tivity 1 to 3. Overall the academic confidence improved in nearly a third of all students for each e-tivity and 17 students (54.8%) stated that they preferred the flipped approach in developing their academic skills. This emphasises that the flipped approach is an effective method to improve summative grades and deliver academic skills.

Mother-Infant Vagal Regulation in the Face-To-Face Still-Face Paradigm Is Moderated by Maternal Sensitivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginger A. Moore ◽  
Ashley L. Hill-Soderlund ◽  
Cathi B. Propper ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
W. Roger. Mills-Koonce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Still Face Paradigm

Infant Coping and Maternal Interactive Behavior Predict Attachment in a Portuguese Sample of Healthy Preterm Infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fuertes ◽  
Pedro Lopes-dos-Santos ◽  
Marjorie Beeghly ◽  
Ed Tronick
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interactive Behavior ◽  
Mother Attachment

In this longitudinal study of a Portuguese sample of healthy preterm infants, the aim was to identify specific, independent predictors of infant-mother attachment status from a set of variables including maternal education, maternal representations’ of infant temperament, infant regulatory behavior (coping), and mothers’ interactive behavior in free play. The sample consisted of 48 medically low-risk preterm infants and their mothers who varied in education. When infants were 1 and 3 months (corrected age), mothers described their infants’ temperament using a Portuguese temperament scale (Escala de Temperamento do Bebé). At 3 months (corrected age), infants’ capacity to regulate stress (coping) was evaluated during Tronick’s Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm (FFSF). At 9 months (corrected age), mothers’ interactive behaviors were evaluated during free play using the Crittenden’s Child-Adult Relationship Experimental Index (CARE-Index). At 12 months (corrected age), infants’ attachment security was assessed during Ainsworth’s strange situation. Sixteen (33.3%) infants were classified as securely attached, 17 (35.4%) as insecure-avoidant, and 15 (31.3%) as insecure-resistant. In bivariate analyses, multiple factors were significantly associated with attachment status. However, in hierarchical regression analyses, only infant coping and maternal responsiveness were significant predictors of attachment status. These findings suggest that both infant characteristics identifiable early in the first year, such as coping, and maternal characteristics such as sensitivity influence the process of attachment formation.

scholarly journals Lessons From Starting a New Subspecialty in a Rural State

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 986-988
Author(s):  
Paul Rosen ◽  
Charles Mullett
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Work Absence ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rural State ◽  
Team Based Care

In starting a new pediatric rheumatology service in a rural state, we designed the practice to focus on patient access, patient quality, and patient experience. We created a clinical experience that starts with an intake call to optimize the face-to-face visit. A team-based care approach is used. Weekend appointments are offered to avoid school and work absence. The social determinants of health are addressed. In our first year, our patients have reported their appreciation for a high-touch, patient-centered experience.

scholarly journals The sexual life of women with breast cancer: meanings attributed to the diagnosis and its impact on sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Monteiro Cesnik ◽  
Elisabeth Meloni Vieira ◽  
Alain Giami ◽  
Ana Maria de Almeida ◽  
Daniela Barsotti Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
First Year ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

Breast cancer is the main neoplasm which affects women. It brings emotional problems in addition to physical and social problems due to affecting a bodily symbol of femininity. The aim of this study was to investigate the sexual life of women with breast cancer in the first year after the surgical procedure, seeking the meanings they attributed to the diagnosis and its repercussions on sexuality. Ten women who participated in a rehabilitation program were interviewed. In addition to the face to face interview their medical record were analyzed. Two categories emerged from the thematic analysis highlighting the negative and the positive impacts of this disease on the sexual life. This variety of meanings encountered shows that there no single pattern of sexual life after breast cancer. The way each woman reacts to the disease makes the way she experiences her sexuality unique. It follows that issues of sexuality must be incorporated in interventions offered in the context of care for these women.

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