A comparative study of seed dormancy and germination in an annual and a perennial species of Senna (Fabaceae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Xiaoying Nan ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Temperature ◽  
Colour Morphs ◽  
Hard Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

AbstractSeed dormancy and germination ofSenna marilandicaandS. obtusifoliawere compared in greenhouse and laboratory studies. About 90% of theS. obtusifoliaseeds were green and had hard seed coat dormancy, whereas the other 10% were brown and nondormant. Seed-colour morphs did not occur inS. marilandica, and nearly 100% of the seeds had hard seed coat dormancy. Seeds ofS. obtusifoliawere significantly heavier than those ofS. marilandica. Mechanical scarification was very effective in overcoming dormancy in seeds of both species. However, concentrated sulfuric acid, absolute ethanol and boiling water were less effective in breaking dormancy in seeds ofS. marilandicathan in those ofS. obtusifolia. Further, incubating seeds at 30/15 to 40/25°C and dry-heat treatments at 80–100°C were ineffective in breaking dormancy inS. marilandica, but significantly increased germination percentages inS. obtusifolia. In neither species were simulated daily/seasonal temperature shifts effective in breaking dormancy. Scarified seeds of both species germinated over a wide range of temperatures in both light and darkness. Under near-natural temperature conditions, seeds ofS. marilandicagerminated in spring only, whereas those ofS. obtusifoliaemerged in late spring and throughout summer. Both species can form a long-lived seed bank. Dormancy break by high field temperatures in seeds ofS. obtusifoliaallows this species to germinate throughout the warm growing season and thus contributes to its success as a weed in arable crops.

Venice Mallow (Hibiscus trionum) Seed Production and Persistence in Soil in Colorado

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Westra ◽  
Calvin H. Pearson ◽  
Randal Ristau ◽  
Frank Schweissing
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Hard Seed Coat ◽  
Insight Into

This study was conducted to gain insight into the soil seedbank dynamics of Venice mallow in two irrigated Colorado soils. Venice mallow plants produced an average of 3100 seeds per plant under noncompetitive irrigated conditions. Venice mallow seeds collected from three regions of Colorado and stored at 25 C averaged 95% dormancy and less than 4% nonviable seeds 6 mo after harvesting. Percent nonviable seeds in soil remained relatively constant over 2 yr. Most seeds germinated within the first 3 mo after burial in the first crop production year. Seed dormancy decreased to an average of 40% after 3 mo of burial in cultivated soil at Fruita and Rocky Ford, and thereafter remained relatively constant for 21 mo. Fruita seeds underwent lessin situgermination than seeds from Greeley or Rocky Ford. Innate seed dormancy was lower at Fruita (27%) than at Rocky Ford (39%). Enforced dormancy remained constant over a 21-mo period and was similar for both locations (32%). Seeds buried for 2 yr at Fruita underwent greaterin situgermination (42%) than at Rocky Ford (27%). At Fruita, the level of enforced dormancy was higher and the level of innate dormancy lower at the 20-cm than the 2-cm depths. Venice mallow seed dormancy likely is due to an impermeable hard seed coat.

scholarly journals Seed Breaking Dormancy Technique and Growth of Screw Tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Nazhira Firda Yulia ◽  
◽  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Diana Prameswari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Cool ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Helicteres Isora ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Tree Fruits ◽  
Hard Seed Coat ◽  
Tree Seed

Screw tree is a shrub from family Malvaceae that has many benefits in pharmacy. Screw tree seed has very hard seed coat, so the seed must be treated before germination. The aim of this research was to assess the characteristic of fruit and seeds, effect of seed breaking dormancy, and effect of NPK fertilizer dosage on the growth of screw tree (Helicteres isora) seedlings. The results indicated that screw tree fruits belong to dry fruits with capsule form and has 5 follicles that has different direction. Screw tree seed is orthodox type that has 9 ̶ 36 seeds in one follicle with triangle and square shape. Germination technique in laboratory with soaking the seeds in hot water 100oC until the water cool for 48 hours treatment produced the best germination amounting to 65.0%. Germination technique in green house with soaking the seeds in hot water 100oC until the water cool for 24 hours treatment was the best germination amounting to 77.0%. Seedlings fertilized with 1 g NPK doses increased screw tree growth in diameter parameter of 6.35 mm and shoot-root ratio parameter of 3.9 compared to control.

Dormancy breakage in Cercis chinensis seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-673
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Gao ◽  
Mingwei Zhu ◽  
Qiuyue Ma ◽  
Shuxian Li
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

The seeds of Cercis chinensis Bunge are important for reproduction and propagation, but strong dormancy controls their germination. To elucidate the causes of seed dormancy in C. chinensis, we investigated the permeability of the hard seed coat and the contribution of the endosperm to physical dormancy, and we examined the effect of extracts from the seed coat and endosperm. In addition, the effectiveness of scarification methods to break seed dormancy was compared. Cercis chinensis seeds exhibited physical and physiological dormancy. The hard seed coat played an important role in limiting water uptake, and the endosperm acted as a physical barrier that restricted embryo development in imbibed seeds. Germination percentage of Chinese cabbage [Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt] seeds was reduced from 98% (control) to 28.3% and 56.7% with a seed-coat extract and an endosperm extract, respectively. This demonstrated that both the seed coat and endosperm contained endogenous inhibitors, but the seed-coat extract resulted in stronger inhibition. Mechanical scarification, thermal scarification, and chemical scarification had positive effects on C. chinensis seed germination. Soaking non-scarified seeds in gibberellic acid (GA3) solution did not promote germination; however, treatment with exogenous GA3 following scarification significantly improved germination. The optimal method for promoting C. chinensis seed germination was soaking scarified seeds in 500 mg·L−1 GA3 for 24 h followed by cold stratification at 5 °C for 2 mo.

scholarly journals Seed Breaking Dormancy Technique and Growth of Screw Tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Nazhira Firda Yulia ◽  
◽  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Diana Prameswari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Cool ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Helicteres Isora ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Tree Fruits ◽  
Hard Seed Coat ◽  
Tree Seed

Screw tree is a shrub from family Malvaceae that has many benefits in pharmacy. Screw tree seed has very hard seed coat, so the seed must be treated before germination. The aim of this research was to assess the characteristic of fruit and seeds, effect of seed breaking dormancy, and effect of NPK fertilizer dosage on the growth of screw tree (Helicteres isora) seedlings. The results indicated that screw tree fruits belong to dry fruits with capsule form and has 5 follicles that has different direction. Screw tree seed is orthodox type that has 9 ̶ 36 seeds in one follicle with triangle and square shape. Germination technique in laboratory with soaking the seeds in hot water 100oC until the water cool for 48 hours treatment produced the best germination amounting to 65.0%. Germination technique in green house with soaking the seeds in hot water 100oC until the water cool for 24 hours treatment was the best germination amounting to 77.0%. Seedlings fertilized with 1 g NPK doses increased screw tree growth in diameter parameter of 6.35 mm and shoot-root ratio parameter of 3.9 compared to control.

scholarly journals Perubahan Perilaku Dormansi selama Proses Desikasi pada Benih Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Maryati Sari ◽  
Satriyas Ilyas ◽  
M. Rahmad Suhartanto ◽  
Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

Bambara groundnut seeds often show unsynchronized and slow germination even though on newly harvested seeds. This might be due to the presence of seed dormancy. Therefore, the objective of this research was to obtain the information on seed dormancy and germination behaviour of bambara groundnut seeds during desiccation. The experiment was arranged in a nested design. Dormancy breaking treatments (untreated, mechanical scarification, soaking in 1% KNO3 for 2 hours, mechanical scarification followed by KNO3 soaking) were nested in each of the desiccation levels (fresh seeds with 54.7% moisture content (mc), desiccated seeds with 44.4%, 18.0%, 15.4%, and 12.1% mc). The results showed that newly harvested seeds were in dormant state. Seed desiccation did not increase the intensity of seed dormancy, even resulted in an increase in field emergence (at 30 days after planting) from 43.9% in fresh seeds to around 70% in dry seed (12-15% mc). Seed desiccation (from 44.4% mc to 12.1% mc) increased the field emergence, although it was inadequate to break the dormancy completely. Meanwhile, seed desiccation tended to increase the GA/ABA ratio, but the seed permeability was decreased. The fact showed that seed desiccation reduced the intensity of dormancy of bambara groundnut seed, therefore, it is suggested to modify the drying method in order to accelerate the increasing of GA/ABA ratio while keeping the testa permeable. Keywords: after-ripening, GA/ABA ratio, hard seed, kacang bogor, permeability

Dormancy in Pinusmonticola seed related to stratification time, seed coat, and genetics

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Minor Site ◽  
Coat Layer ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

The inner layer of the seed coat, a papery membrane, and physiological conditions of the gametophyte–embryo were shown to be major sites of dormancy in seed of western white pine. The hard seed coat layer was a minor site. With no stratification, 7% of the seeds were not dormant, 9% were dormant because of the hard seed coat, 34% were dormant because of the inner seed coat, and 50% were dormant because of physiological conditions of the gametophyte–embryo. These values varied with stratification times and seed lots (families).

scholarly journals Emergence of `Genesis' Triploid Watermelon following Mechanical Scarification

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Duval ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

Production of triploid watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] transplants is hindered by poor, inconsistent emergence, and frequent seed coat adherence to cotyledons. Seed coat adherence leads to weakened and slow growing plants. High seed costs, coupled with stand establishment problems, discourages transplant producers from growing this crop. Improvement of triploid watermelon emergence will lessen financial risks to growers and transplant producers and will provide a more reliable production system. Mechanical scarification was evaluated as a means to overcome inconsistent emergence and seed coat adherence. Seeds of `Genesis' triploid watermelon were placed in a cylinder with 100 g of very coarse sand (1.0 to 2.0 mm diameter) and rotated at 60 rpm for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours in a series of experiments. Number of emerged seed was recorded daily, to obtain emergence dynamics. No significant differences were observed in seed coat adherence among treatments. The longest duration of scarification However, enhanced emergence as compared to the control in three of four experiments. These data support earlier suggestions that a thick or hard seed coat is a factor contributing to poor germination and emergence of triploid watermelons.

scholarly journals Subsidies for propagation of native species in Brazil with medicinal potential: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Rosemeire Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Andreza Cerioni Belniaki ◽  
Elisa Serra Negra Vieira ◽  
Francine Lorena Cuquel ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense ◽  
Complete Extraction ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
Cotyledonary Petioles ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

Abstract: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (guanandi) is a native species with medicinal potential and also generates expectation for commercial use (wood) and for recovery of degraded areas. These seeds have physical and mechanical dormancy, requiring techniques for dormancy release; knowledge of seed and seedling morphology that assists laboratory analysis and propagation of the species is also necessary. The objective of this study was to describe the morphological structures of the seeds and normal and abnormal seedlings of guanandi, and also investigate if complete extraction of the endocarp and the seed coat to overcome dormancy will affect the morphology and initial plant development, and consequently production of transplants. Guanandi seeds are large (1000 seed weight of 1480.9 g) with a hard seed coat; cotyledons account for most of the embryo and serve as a reserve; the embryonic axis is small (1.0-2.0 mm) in relation to the seed, yet it is differentiated. The seedlings have hypogeal cryptocotylar germination, with cotyledonary petioles, taproot, and epicotyl developing into a long stem and a tip protected by cataphylls. The main abnormalities in seedlings are related to the root system. Extraction of the endocarp and seed coat does not alter the morphology of seedlings and promotes their greater development, which may be an advantageous strategy.

scholarly journals Using endocarp-remains of seeds of wild apricot Prunus armeniaca to identify rodent seed predators

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-400
Author(s):  
Hongmao Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Chinese White ◽  
Wild Apricot ◽  
Field Mice ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

Abstract Some rodent-dispersed seeds have a hard seed-coat (e.g.woody endocarp). Specific scrapes or dental marks on the hard seed-coat left by rodents when they eat these seeds can be used to identify seed predators. In this study we measured the morphological traits of endocarp-remains of seeds of wild apricot Prunus armeniaca used by Chinese white-bellied rats Niviventor confucianus and Korean field mice Apodemus peninsulae. We established their Fisher’s linear discriminant functions to separate endocarp-remains between the two predators. A total of 90.0% of the endocarp-remains left by Korean field mice and 88.0% of those left by Chinese white-bellied rats were correctly classified. The overall percentage of correct classification was 89.0%. One hundred and sixty endocarp-remains of unknown what species predated them were classified using the functions. The method may allow more reliable quantitative studies of the effects of Chinese white-bellied rats and Korean field mice on seed consumption and dispersal of wild apricot and this study might be used for reference in other studies of seed predators identification on hard seeds.

scholarly journals Ecophysiology of Mimosa pudica L. at Biratnagar, Eastern Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Niroula ◽  
D. Parajuli ◽  
S. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

All the freshly collected mature seeds of M. pudica were greenish in colour, whereas 7 year old stored seeds were a mixture of greenish and brownish seeds. The greenish seeds had hard seed coat and acid treated as well as sand rubbing for 6-10 min greatly enhanced their germination percentage. The brownish seeds were simply the deteriorated form of greenish seeds. Leaves and pods had higher contribution to total plant dry weight in ungrazed field and in pot-cultured plants clipped a month before flowering. The young shoots of the plant had 18.9% crude protein, 0.46% phosphorus and 25.4% crude fibre on dry weight basis.Key words: Hard seed coat, Mimosa pudica, scarification, dry matter productionDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2568Our Nature (2009) 7:177-181  

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