Vigils of the saints and the stational liturgy of Milan

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
TERENCE BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Service Books

AbstractVigils, an important and eventually troublesome component of the cult of the saints, are attested to in the fourth century by Sts Ambrose, Jerome and Augustine. In Gregorian regions nearly all these penitential observances were prohibited by a synod in Rouen in 1231, and have been virtually ignored in the scholarly literature. In the Ambrosian orbit, Vigils remained an extraordinarily important part of the public liturgy until the end of the Middle Ages; however, the treatment of these offices in the Milanese service books presents a confused picture that can only be pieced together with some difficulty. In clarifying the practices of Vigils, certain details are brought to light concerning the two other examples of the external episcopal liturgy of Milan (the three-day Litany in the week following Ascension, and the daily stations at both the ancient baptistries of the city), and even important details about the practices in the cathedrals themselves, practices concerning which the ordinal is silent, ambiguous or even misleading.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Hanawalt
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personal Security ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Common ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

Civil society, a term was used in the Middle Ages, valued the peaceful possession of property, personal security, access to legal means of settling disputes, loyalty to the city, and obedience to officials. It also implied that denizens would share self-imposed codes of behavior and would work for the common good. London valued its self-government, but it was reliant on the king for its charter. Ceremonies, both the official ones that installed a new mayor and the public ceremonies of humiliation for those who broke the city rules were part of the education of inhabitants in the values of civil society. This chapter considers the historiography and theoretical approaches to civic ritual and ceremony, provides an overview of the sources used to study these practices in London and outlines the topics covered in the book.

The Hippodrome of Constantinople

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Akyürek
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Imperial Authority ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Byzantine History

The Hippodrome of Constantinople was constructed in the fourth century AD, by the Roman Emperor Constantine I, in his new capital. Throughout Byzantine history the Hippodrome served as a ceremonial, sportive and recreational center of the city; in the early period, it was used mainly as an arena for very popular, competitive, and occasionally violent chariot races, while the Middle Ages witnessed the imperial ceremonies coming to the fore gradually, although the races continued. The ceremonial and recreational role of the Hippodrome somehow continued during the Ottoman period. Being the oldest structure in the city, the Hippodrome has witnessed exciting chariot races, ceremonies glorifying victorious emperors as well as the charioteers, and the riots that shook the imperial authority. Today, looking to the remnants of the Hippodrome, one can imagine the glorious past of the site.

scholarly journals Les males paraules: insults masculins a la València baixmedieval

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Guillermo López Juan
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

   Resum: L’insult, en l’Edat Mitjana, és més que un mitjà per a ofendre un individu. L’omnipresent cultura de l’honor, que impregna la societat i determina el comportament d’homes i dones, el converteix en oprobi, en l’avergonyiment públic de la persona injuriada. Les respostes a aquest tipus de situacions eren diverses, en funció del gènere i la posició social de l’individu i, també, del seu criteri personal, però el ventall d’opcions era ampli: replicar amb altre insult; la violència; apel·lar als testimonis de la injúria; i, finalment, recórrer als tribunals de justícia. A la València al tombant del Tres-Cents, sembla que aquest últim recurs era força freqüent, especialment entre les classes populars; i, per aquesta raó, conservem nombrosos clams i demandes que ens han permès observar com es produïa i desenvolupava la violència verbal a la ciutat. En el present article, analitzarem l’insult masculí a finals del llarg segle XIV, parant esment en els termes fets servir més freqüentment; els espais als quals es produïen la major part dels episodis; i, finalment, en la centralitat de la violència física com a resultat, resposta o acompanyant de l’ofensa verbal.  Paraules clau: insults, honor, injúria, violència  Abstract: Insults were, during the Middle Ages, more than a way to offend an individual. The ubiquituous culture of honour, which impregnated society and determined men’s and women’s behaviour, turned them into vituperation, into the public shaming of the insulted person. The responses to these situations were diverse, and depended on the gender, social standing and, ultimately, personal criteria of the slandered individual, but the range of options was broad: retorting with another insult; responding with violence; appealing to the witnesses of the insult; and, finally, denouncing the insulter at the courts of justice. In Valencia, by the end of the 14th century, it seemed that this last resort was particularly frequent, especially among the populace; for this reason, there have been preserved numerous court claims and prosecution records that allow us to observe how verbal violence occurred in the city. In this article, we will analyze insults against men at the end of the 14th century, focusing specially on the slanders more commonly used; the spaces in which verbal disputes took place; and, finally, on the centrality of physical violence as a result, response or companion to verbal offense.  Keywords: insults, honour, slander, violence 

History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Gregorovius ◽  
Annie Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Gregorovius ◽  
Annie Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

scholarly journals The evolution of the hospital from antiquity to the end of the middle ages

Curationis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cilliers ◽  
F.P. Retief
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Specialized Institutions ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Middle Ages

The evolution of the hospital is traced from its onset in ancient Mesopotamia towards the end of the 2nd millennium to the end of the Middle Ages. Reference is made to institutionalised health care facilities in India as early as the 5th century BC, and with the spread of Buddhism to the east, to nursing facilities, the nature and function of which are not known to us, in Sri Lanka, China and South East Asia. Special attention is paid to the situation in the Graeco-Roman era: one would expect to find the origin of the hospital in the modem sense of the word in Greece, the birthplace of rational medicine in the 4th century BC, but the Hippocratic doctors paid house-calls, and the temples of Asclepius were visited for incubation sleep and magico-religious treatment. In Roman times the military and slave hospitals which existed since the 1st century AD, were built for a specialized group and not for the public, and were therefore also not precursors of the modem hospital. It is to the Christians that one must turn for the origin of the modem hospital. Hospices, initially built to shelter pilgrims and messengers between various bishops, were under Christian control developed into hospitals in the modem sense of the word. In Rome itself, the first hospital was built in the 4th century AD by a wealthy penitent widow, Fabiola. In the early Middle Ages (6th to 10th century), under the influence of the Benedictine Order, an infirmary became an established part of every monastery. During the late Middle Ages (beyond the 10th century) monastic infirmaries continued to expand, but public hospitals were also opened, financed by city authorities, the church and private sources. Specialized institutions, like leper houses, also originated at this time. During the Golden Age of Islam the Muslim world was clearly more advanced than its Christian counterpart with magnificent hospitals in various countries.

The Marais

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Reader
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Andre Malraux ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

This book explores the history and the vicissitudes of one of Paris’s most extraordinary areas, the Marais. Centrally located on the Right Bank, this neighbourhood was from the Middle Ages through to the eighteenth century the most fashionable in the city, headquarters of the nobility who endowed it with resplendent architecture. The Court’s move to Versailles and the Revolution of 1789 led to the quartier’s decline, so that in the nineteenth century and the earlier part of the twentieth it was in parlous shape, its fine buildings run down and often severely overcrowded. It escaped wholesale destruction in the post-War frenzy of modernization largely thanks to André Malraux, who as Culture Minister fostered the restoration of the area. Malraux’s efforts were, however, not immune from criticism, sometimes seen as a form of socio-economic cleansing with concomitant fossilization, and thus emblematic of the problems faced by a city which has always been torn between the preservation of its past and the need to adapt to social and historical change. The book focuses particularly on literary, cinematic and other artistic reproductions of the quartier, of which it attempts to provide a comprehensive overview, and foregrounds particularly its importance as home to and base of two highly significant minorities – the Jewish and the gay communities.

scholarly journals Religion as an index of the rise and fall of ‘moral treatment’ in 19th century lunatic asylums in England

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry R. Rollin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Christian Ethic ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
Lunatic Asylums ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

“…; and the tone of the chapel bell, coming across the Valley of the Brent, still reminds me, morning and evening, of the weft-remembered and mingled congregation of the afflicted, and who are then assembling, humble yet hopeful, and not forgotten, and not spiritually deserted.”As a function of the Christian ethic, monasteries in Britain from the Middle Ages onwards set aside a section for the care of the sick. The monastic tradition ensured that the spiritual needs of the physically sick were well taken care of: chapels formed an integral part of the building complex and chaplains were, of course, constantly on tap. The mentally sick were less well served, however. For example, the second building to be occupied by St Luke's Hospital, London, opened in 1787, did not even boast a chapel, a distinction shared with Bethlem, the other major charity asylum, then occupying a purpose-built structure in Moorgate in the City of London.

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