Dutch, Swedish, and English Elements in the Development of Pidgin Delaware

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Buccini
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Contact Language

This paper investigates the influence of Dutch, Swedish, and English on the syntax of Pidgin Delaware, a contact language used in the Middle Atlantic region in the seventeenth century. Arguments are presented against Thomason's (1980) view that the pidgin predated European contact; instead, the structures of the pidgin are viewed from the perspective of Dutch speakers attempting to learn the Delaware language. The theoretical framework of Van Coetsem 1988 is used to explain which Algonquian features were successfully acquired by the Dutch and where the Dutch imposed features from their native language in the early, formational stage of the pidgin. In addition, subsequent changes in Pidgin Delaware are attributed to its use by Swedish and English speakers.

Overview: Lithic quarries in Pennsylvania: the archaeology of tool stone procurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 019769312110433
Author(s):  
Paul A. Raber
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Middle Atlantic

This collection of papers, published in numbers 3 and 4 of this volume of North American Archaeologist, reflects recent research into the development of pre-contact period quarries in Pennsylvania and the surrounding Middle Atlantic region.

scholarly journals Manuskrypt Jana Amosa Komeńskiego "Dedicatio ad tria regna – czyli Specjalny apel do Europejczyków, przeznaczony przede wszystkim do królestw i państw północnych"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomír Hampl
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Native Language ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject

The translation from Latin and Czech into Polish of an entire important, but still little-known work (Latin Dedicatio ad tria regna – Czech Dedikace třem královstvím – English Dedication to the three Kingdoms) introduces us to a large extent to the subject matter of the “i m p r o v e m e n t o f human affairs”. The translation of this manuscript fills a large gap in Polish comeniology. In the work translated into Polish, we can see how John Amos Comenius persistently and decisively pursued the honorable goal he had set for himself – that is, the pansophic improvement of all human affairs. The Polish-speaking reader will finally be able to “fully” read this work in their native language, in which there are also important elements related not only to pedagogical and educational topics, but above all to socio-philosophical issues and theological-biblical comparative references, centered around the domain of interdisciplinary research. The so-called “Portrait sketch” is also presented, or what hopes Comenius linked to the three described countries, strictly speaking the kingdoms of the North, i.e. Poland, Sweden and Great Britain, during the period of significant changes in seventeenth-century Europe.

scholarly journals Cross-linguistic evidence for cognitive universals in the noun phrase

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Martin ◽  
Theeraporn Ratitamkul ◽  
Klaus Abels ◽  
David Adger ◽  
Jennifer Culbertson
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
General Scope

Of the 24 possible orderings of the nominal modifiers Demonstrative, Numeral, Adjective and the Noun, two specific patterns dominate the typology: Dem Num Adj N (as in English) and its mirror order N Adj Num Dem (as in Thai). This has been argued to follow from a universal underlying structure in which Adj forms a constituent with N first, Num scopes over that constituent, and finally Dem takes widest scope. We refer to noun phrase orders that follow this structure as scope-isomorphic. To test for general scope-isomorphic preferences in language users and assess a possible asymmetry between pre- and postnominal modifiers, we tested two linguistic populations with different NP orderings (English and Thai). Learners were exposed to a new language where modifiers were placed on the opposite side of the noun from their native language (i.e., English speakers learned that modifiers in the new language were postnominal and Thai speakers that they were prenominal). Crucially, though, learners were exposed only to single-modifier NPs (e.g., ‘car green’ or ‘car this’) but were not shown how modifiers were ordered relative to one another in multiple modifier phrases. In a test phase, participants were asked how to translate phrases with multiple modifiers into the new language (e.g., ‘this green car’). Speakers of both languages overwhelmingly inferred scope-isomorphic patterns (i.e., they preferred ‘car green this’ over ‘car this green’). We additionally found that Thai participants showed a stronger preference for scope isomorphism, suggesting the possibility that prenominal orders which violate scope isomorphism are particularly dispreferred. We will discuss these results in light of syntactic theory which predicts a pre-/postnominal asymmetry, but will also consider the possible influence of L2 knowledge (specifically Thai speakers’ knowledge of English) on these results, and outline future studies designed to tackle this issue.

scholarly journals Stressed and Unstressed Syllable Alternation in Educated Edo (Nigerian) English

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Julianah Akindele
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Metrical Theory ◽  
British English ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Filing System ◽  
Unstressed Syllable ◽  
Validated Instrument

Standard British English (SBE) rhythm is characterised by stressed and unstressed syllable alternation. Phonological investigations from non-native English such as Nigerian English (NE) have claimed that NE differs remarkably from SBE, especially in the area of rhythm. Existing phonological studies on Educated Edo English (EEE) – a sub-variety of NE – have been on word and variable stress while studies on stressed and unstressed syllable alternation have been rare. This study, therefore, investigated the extent to which Educated Edo English Speakers (EEES) stressed and unstressed syllable alternation conforms to SBE rhythm. Prince and Liberman’s (1977) metrical theory, which explains the alternation of strong and weak constituents in SBE rhythm units, served as a theoretical framework. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 150 (75 males and 75 females) EEES while 2 SBE speakers served as Native Baselines (NB). Speech Filing System (SFS) version 1.41 was used to record the production of a validated instrument of 40 rhythm units, with stressed and unstressed syllable alternation. The recordings were transcribed and subjected to a perceptual analysis (frequency and percentages). Out of 6000 expected instances of stressed and unstressed syllable alternation, the participants had 694 (11.6%), while inappropriate use was higher, with 5,306 (88.4%). The performance of EEES males showed 5.7% and the females 5.9%. The grids of EEES showed proliferation of Strong/Strong (S/S) juxtaposition of stressed and unstressed syllables in rhythm units, compared to the NB alternation of Weak/Strong (W/S) or Strong/Weak (S/W). Results confirmed that EEES alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in rhythm units differ ‘markedly’ from those of the SBE form.

Exports from the Colonies and States of the Middle Atlantic Region 1720–1800

2013 ◽  
pp. 257-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mancall ◽  
Joshua L. Rosenbloom ◽  
Thomas Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Middle Atlantic

Constructing a Globalized E-Commerce Site

2011 ◽  
pp. 464-470
Author(s):  
Tom S. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Web Site ◽  
Native Language ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Good Visibility ◽  
Global Reach

Traditional boundaries and marketplace definitions are fast becoming irrelevant due to globalization. According to recent statistics, there are approximately 208 million English speakers and 608 million non-English speakers online, and 64.2% of Web users speak a native language other than English (Global Reach, 2004). The world outside of English-speaking countries is obviously coming online fast. As with activities such as TV, radio and print, people surf in their own language. A single-language Web site simply could not provide good visibility and accessibility in this age of globalize Internet. In this article, we will focus on the approaches in the construction of an effective globalized e-commerce Web site.

Understanding Time-Compressed Speech: The Effects of Age and Native Language on the Perception of Audiotext and Menus

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny DeGroot ◽  
Eileen C. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nonnative English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

Time compression increases the rate of speech without altering its pitch. The present study investigated time compression as a means of improving the efficiency of audiotext applications for a variety of user populations. Subjects from three age groups (20-30, 40-50, and 60-70 years old) and two native language groups (native and nonnative English speakers) interacted with a prototype of an Interactive Voice Response system. Four prototypes were constructed, each containing speech compressed at a different rate: 30%, 20%, 10%, and uncompressed. Each subject telephoned one of the prototypes to learn how to use Call Forwarding and to order another telephone service feature. Compression rate did not significantly interact with age or native language. Across compression rates, 60-year-olds spent significantly more time on the phone than did 20- and 40-year-olds. Moreover, 60-year-olds were significantly less successful at forwarding phone calls, and reported more difficulty and confusion, than other subjects. Nonnative English speakers spent significantly more time on the phone than did native English speakers. Despite this difference, nonnative speakers were just as successful at forwarding phone calls, and rated the system and the announcer just as favorably as did native speakers of English. There was no main effect of compression rate on call duration; faster speech did not result in significantly shorter phone calls.

Culture and persuasive discourse in localized NGO websites

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parthena Charalampidou
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Semiotics ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Persuasive Discourse ◽  
Skopos Theory

Abstract Non-governmental organisations set different goals than for-profit corporations. However, they need to be advertised in order to keep working. One of the basic means NGOs use in order to attract volunteers and donators is their website. Although the English language is considered as the lingua franca of the internet it seems to be inadequate when a global audience is aimed at. NGOs seem to have realized the need to communicate with potential donators or volunteers in their native language and have started providing localized versions of their websites. In this paper we are going to examine the persuasive discourse adopted by NGOs in their English, French and Greek website versions. According to Aristotle (Rhetoric, 1356a) (2002) the three persuasive techniques used to change the audience’s beliefs are (a) pathos, which appeals to the audience’s emotions, (b) ethos, which establishes the good “character” and credibility of the author and (c) logos, which uses logic and evidence to convince the audience. Our aim is to examine both the use and the multisemiotic realization of the above mentioned techniques in different cultural contexts. For the needs of our analysis we will adopt methodological tools from the field of social semiotics (image and text relation (Barthes 2007) and the grammar of visual design and of colours (Kress and Van Leeuwen 1996, 2002). Translational theories such as Skopos theory (Reiss and Vermeer 1984; Nord 1997) will provide the theoretical framework for the study of the adaptation techniques and strategies adopted when the Greek audience is addressed.

scholarly journals Introduction: Emerging Roles for Historical Medical Libraries

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle DiMeo ◽  
Jeffrey S. Reznick ◽  
Christopher Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
National Network ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Medical Libraries ◽  
College Library ◽  
Rare Opportunity ◽  
Anniversary Celebration

On December 6, 2013, the Historical Medical Library of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia convened, as part of its 225th Anniversary celebration, the symposium entitled “Emerging Roles for Historical Medical Libraries: Value in the Digital Age.” Sponsored in part by a Library Project Award from the National Network of Libraries of Medicine Middle Atlantic Region, this event offered a rare opportunity for librarians and researchers to discuss collectively the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital age.1The fact that the College Library chose to celebrate its past by hosting a conference centered on planning strategically for the future . . .

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