Disaster Reanimatology Potentials: A Structured Interview Study in Armenia. III. Results, Conclusions, and Recommendations

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto A. Pretto ◽  
Edmund Ricci ◽  
Miroslav Klain ◽  
Peter Safar ◽  
Victor Semenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
Advanced Trauma Life Support ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
First Aid Training ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Lay Public

AbstractNational medical responses to catastrophic disasters have failed to incorporate a resuscitation component.Purpose:This study sought to determine the lifesaving potentials of modern resuscitation medicine as applied to a catastrophic disaster situation. Previous articles reported the preliminary results (I), and methodology (II) of a structured, retrospective interview study of the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. The present article (III) reports and discusses the definitive findings, formulates conclusions, and puts forth recommendations for future responses to catastrophic disasters anywhere in the world.Results:Observations include: 1) The lack of adequate construction materials and procedures in the Armenian region contributed significantly to injury and loss of life; 2) The uninjured, lay population together with medical teams including physicians in Armenia were capable of rapid response (within two hours); 3) Due to a lack of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) training for medical teams and of basic first-aid training of the lay public, and scarcity of supplies and equipment for extrication of casualties, they were unable to do much at the scene. As a result, an undetermined number of severely injured earthquake victims in Armenia died slowly without the benefit of appropriate and feasible resuscitation attempts.Recommendations:1) Widespread adoption of seismic-resistant building codes for regions of high seismic risk; 2) The lay public living in these regions should be trained in life-supporting first-aid (LSFA) and basic rescue techniques; 3) Community-wide emergency medical services (EMS) systems should be developed world-wide (tai-lored to the emergency needs of each region) with ATLS capability for field resuscitation; 4) Such systems be prepared to extend coverage to mass casualties; 5) National disaster medical system (NDMS) plans should provide integration of existing trauma-EMS systems into regional systems linked with advanced (heavy) rescue (public works, fire, police); and 6) New techniques and devices for victim extrication should be developed to enable rapid extrication of earthquake casualties within 24 hours.

Disaster Reanimatology Potentials: A Structured Interview Study in Armenia I. Methodology and Preliminary Results

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Klain ◽  
Edmund Ricci ◽  
Peter Safar ◽  
Victor Semenov ◽  
Ernesto Pretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Advanced Trauma Life Support ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Medical Teams

AbstractIn general, preparations for disasters which result in mass casualties do not incorporate a modern resuscitation approach. We explored the life-saving potential of, and time limits for life-supporting first aid (LSFA), advanced trauma life support (ATLS), resuscitative surgery, and prolonged life support (PLS: intensive care) following the earthquake in Armenia on 7 December 1988. We used a structured, retrospective interview method applied previously to evaluation of emergency medical services (EMS) in the United States. A total of 120 survivors of, and participants in the earthquake in Armenia were interviewed on site (49 lay eyewitnesses, 20 search-rescue personnel, 39 medical personnel and records, and 12 administrators). Answers were verified by crosschecks. Preliminary results permit the following generalizations: 1) a significant number of victims died slowly as the result of injuries such as external hemorrhage, head injury with coma, shock, or crush syndrome; 2) early search and rescue was performed primarily by uninjured covictims using hand tools; 3) many lives potentially could have been saved by the use of LSFA and ATLS started during extrication of crushed victims. 4) medical teams from neighboring EMS systems started to arrive at the site at 2-3 hours and therefore, A TLS could have been provided in time to save lives and limbs; 5) some amputations had to be performed in the field to enable extrication; 6) the usefulness of other resuscitative surgery in the field needs to be clarified; 7) evacuations were rapid; 8) air evacuation proved essential; 9) hospital intensive care was well organized; and 10) international medical aid, which arrived after 48 hours, was too late to impact on resuscitation. Definitive analysis of data in the near future will lead to recommendations for local, regional, and National Disaster Medical Systems (NDMS).

scholarly journals (A100) Building Local Resilience and Competencies in Remote Haitian Communities

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s27-s27
Author(s):  
R. Gore ◽  
C.M. Bloem ◽  
B. Arquilla ◽  
P. Roblin
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Training Model ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
First Aid Training

Injury and trauma are major causes of premature deaths worldwide. At present, Haiti does not have an existing emergency medical system. Basic first responders training was developed for lay people and medical professionals in rural Haiti.MethodsThe training was conducted in Terrier Rouge, Haiti. Participants included medical professionals, laborers, health professionals, teachers, students, and truck drivers from six towns in northeastern Haiti. A three-day training course taught by U.S. board certified emergency medicine physicians was instituted. Basic life support (BLS), first aid, and BLS/first aid instructors courses were taught based on the American and Canadian Heart Associations curriculum. The BLS/first aid instructors course was limited to health professionals, whereas the first aid course was open to all members of the community. The program included the development of local teaching tools and manuals translated to local languages. Twelve newly trained local Haitian instructors assisted in the final day of training.ResultsThe course was well received by participants. A total of 54 people completed the BLS course, 67 completed the first aid course, and 12 participants completed the BLS/first aid instructors course. Ninty-five program participants completed the end of course survey. Forty-four of the participants were male, 49 were female, and 2 did not answer. Forty-one participants had no prior BLS/first aid training or exposure. The ages of participants ranged from 13 to 52 years. The course participants included two physicians, 22 students, eight nursing students, seven nurses, 20 teachers, 12 health workers, five drivers, and 14 laborers. Of those surveyed, 92 stated they would recommend this course to a friend. Eighty-eight participants stated that hands on learning helped them better learn the course material.ConclusionThis sustainable, locally controlled training model increased local skill level for basic first responders in rural Haiti.

Comparison of two modes of delivery of first aid training including basic life support

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lippmann ◽  
Patricia Livingston ◽  
Melinda J Craike
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
First Aid ◽  
First Aid Training

scholarly journals (P2-29) Educational Model for Pre-Hospital Disaster Management in Haiti and Beyond

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s145-s145
Author(s):  
R. Gore ◽  
C. Bloem ◽  
K. Elbashir ◽  
P. Roblin ◽  
G. Ostrovskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Training Model ◽  
First Aid ◽  
First Aid Training

IntroductionThere has been increased international awareness and a need to provide accessible and essential emergency preparedness training in developing countries that has resulted in the recognition of new teaching needs and number of new initiatives to meet these needs.MethodsThese teaching methods have been applied in Haiti before and after the 2010 earthquake. They include: - Established a “Train the trainer” model - Established civilian first responder training - Basic Life Support (BLS) and First Aid - Implemented medical training using the Meti Simulator models - Conducted post-training Disaster drill - Conduction of post training assessment - Succession model of training.ResultsA total of 54 people completed a BLS course and 67 completed a First Aid course. 12 participants completed the First Aid and BLS Instructors course. 95 program participants completed an end of course survey. 41 participants had no prior BLS/First Aid training or exposure. The course participants included 2 physicians, 22 students, 8 nursing students, 7 nurses, 20 teachers, 12 health workers, 5 drivers, and 14 laborers. 92 of those surveyed stated they would recommend this course to a friend. 88 participants stated that hands on learning helped them better learn the course material.ConclusionThis training model has been well received in rural Haiti and can be applied in other developing countries. We would like to standardize training protocols that will serve as a foundation for self-sustaining higher-level emergency, pre-hospital, disaster training and management. This will improve the general quality of health care delivery. Our next pilot of this program will be in other parts of Haiti and in Khartoum, Sudan.

Guidelines for Rescue Training of the Lay Public

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel I. Abrams ◽  
Ernesto A. Pretto ◽  
Derek Angus ◽  
Peter Safar
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Advanced Trauma Life Support ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Lay Public

AbstractThe fundamental goal of emergency medical response in disaster is to save lives and reduce injury and permanent disability. It has been observed that urgent emergency medical care of seriously injured earthquake casualties trapped under building rubble, cannot be provided unless the victims have been extricated and transported to medical facilities by friends or relatives, or are accessible to field rescue and medical teams. Equally important is the fact that extrication of seriously injured, trapped victims by laypersons is hazardous, unless the following conditions are met: 1) the rescuer has basic knowledge of extrication, and; 2) there is early application of effective life-supporting first-aid (LSFA) and/or advanced trauma life support (ATLS) at the scene. Time is the critical factor in such an effort. In previous studies of death and dying in earthquakes, it was noted that extrication of trapped victims will be attempted by survivors. Therefore, it is suggested that citizens living in regions of high seismic risk and trained in basic search and rescue and in LSFA are the most immediate resource for early response after an earthquake. An accompanying paper addresses the issue of citizen LSFA training. This paper focuses on the basic concepts of search and rescue training for the lay public.

scholarly journals A review on awareness of first aid among students

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
Gitumoni Konwar ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi ◽  
Anusuya Goswami ◽  
Bidyashori Konjengbam
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
School Health ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Life Support ◽  
First Aid ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
First Aid Training ◽  
Health Organization

Knowledge of first aid, which constitutes life-saving treatments for injuries or unexpected illnesses, is important for every individual at every age. First aid and basic life support are so important that teaching basic first aid should be compulsory in all schools. According to world health organization (WHO), injuries related to traffic accidents were ninth among the first 10 causes of global disease burden in 1990. They are expected to be ranked in third place after ischemic cardiac disease and unipolar major depression in 2020. Basic first aid training prepares students to react to situations and provide immediate, efficient management for a wide variety of incidents. Providing of knowledge and training about correct management of injuries and illnesses to students is important to improve their health knowledge which in turn may lead to healthy and save life. It is necessary to strengthen school health services through full participation of teachers and educators, providing them training sessions and update them by regularly interacting with them. Literature demonstrates that the widespread dissemination of first aid may have benefits for injury prevention in terms of reducing traffic crashes, lowering rates of workplace incidents, and increasing safety awareness. The present study revealed a perceived need for knowledge regarding first aid among school students and thus advocates that first-aid education should be made compulsory in school syllabus. It is reasonable to conclude that the ultimate goal of the first aid is neither to treat, nor to diagnose, but to stabilize the patient.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Basic and Advanced Life Support (BLS, ALS) Self-Training Systems (STS) for Paramedical and Medical Personnel

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
M. Scott ◽  
P. Safar ◽  
P. Berkebile ◽  
A. Sladen ◽  
J. McClintock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Training System ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Respiratory Care ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Film Viewing ◽  
Lay Public

Resuscitation and acute respiratory care must be taught to all personnel involved in the management of everyday emergencies and mass casualties. Personnel range from the lay public to physician specialists. In deciding who should be taught what and how one must consider the limitations of learning ability of trainees and of resources. Mouth-to-mouth ventilation can be learned by laymen merely from viewing pictures, but better with manikin practice to perfection. CPR steps A-B-C can be effectively taught to non-physicians including laymen with instructor-coached manikin practice to perfection. but also with self-practice coached by audiotape, and to some extent even by frequent film viewing only without manikin practice. In 1972, A. Laerdal invented a CPR steps A-B-C self-training system consisting of a recording manikin, flipcharts and the coaching audiotape. We added a demonstration film to be shown before manikin practice.

scholarly journals The Pemberdayaan Pemuda Tanggap Bencana (PENDAB) dalam Implementasi Panduan Risiko Bencana

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Husni Husni ◽  
Widya Lestari ◽  
Septiyanti Septiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Task Force ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Neighborhood Association ◽  
First Aid Training ◽  
Training Simulation ◽  
Disaster Training ◽  
Discussion Question

Bengkulu is one of the vulnerable disasters areas. Flood is one of disaster that often occurs in the Bengkulu city. The big flood that occurred at the end of 2019 which claimed the lives of 29 people and 13 people were missing. The aim was to increase the capacity of youth in disaster risk management. Activities done through socialization, disaster training, simulation and disaster risk mapping. Socialization done to stakeholders, youth and community leaders. Disaster risk training, the first aid training for youth and making of organization of Youth Responding to Disasters (PENDAB) have done using lecture, discussion, question and answer methods and doing simulation Table Top Exercise (TTX) for disaster management in the neighborhood Association (RT). The training was attended by 15 youths and was conducted in an open field for 2 days while still observing health protocols. This activity has received permission from the Bengkulu Province Covid-19 task force. The results of the training showed that there was an increase in the knowledge and skills of youth about disasters, basic life support (BHD) and first rescue (PP) actions. Youth are expected to apply the knowledge and abilities that have been acquired during the training to provide education about disaster to the community.

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