Crisis and Inequality in the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-452
Author(s):  
Ignacio Amate-Fortes ◽  
Almudena Guarnido-Rueda ◽  
Agustín Molina-Morales
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Economic Freedom Index

The objective of this work is to analyse the factors that influence a greater or lesser inequality in income distribution in the 27 EU countries, paying particular attention to the effect that the economic crisis has had. For this purpose we have used panel data covering a period of 16 years (from 1996 to 2011, inclusive), and we have introduced additional variables over and above those normally used, such as the ideology of the governing party, the economic freedom index, as well as the ‘crisis’ variable. The results obtained enable us to conclude that while the economic crisis has not necessarily caused a worsening in inequality, the response of European governments by means of social policy has not so far proved effective in the fight against the lack of equality in income distribution.

scholarly journals Greater or Reduced Economic Freedom? Consequences Following From Contemporary Economic Crisis

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jarecki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
Fraser Institute

The paper is aimed at stating if economic crisis observed during the period 2007-2009 will give rise to greater or reduced economic freedom. Seeking the answer to this question, Economic Freedom Index developed by Fraser Institute during the period 2007-2010 was subject to analysis. The research covered the European Union and the United States of America.

THE COMPOUNDS BETWEEN THE ECONOMIC SITUATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (3) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Aleksander Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries

The main purpose of the article is to examine the compounds between economic results of agricultural holdings and their impact on the environment. The research was conducted on a group of 23 EU countries that have been members since at least 2004. The time scope of the analyses concerns the years 2004-2015. The study uses regression analysis based on panel data. It was found that the more favorable economic situation of the surveyed group of agricultural holdings is accompanied by a stronger negative impact on the environment. The strongest relative environmental impact (from the perspective of material pressure on the environment) was recorded for investments.

scholarly journals Organizing international economic statistics in the context of globalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Ihor TARLOPOV
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
State Management ◽  
Economic Statistics

The paper scrutinizes the peculiarities of organizing the international economic statistics in the context of globalization. It has been proven to be essential to rethink and reevaluate general problems of organizing the international economic statistics at the methodological level with the purpose of enhancing the reputation of Ukraine in the international arena. Ukraine’s choice of strategic direction towards the integration into the European Union actualizes the scientific discourse related to defining the conceptual foundations of state management of foreign economic activity, ensuring the implementation of customs policy of the state in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine. Notwithstanding certain achievements with regard to the implementation of provisions of the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine in recent years, the country still requires a significant improvement of processes related to the activities of government authorities in the sphere of foreign economic activity, their interaction with stakeholders, improved governance over such processes. Indexes of leading ratings affirm the significance of intensifying such processes. The indicators of the «Global Competitiveness Index» and the «Index of Economic Freedom» in EU countries and Ukraine have been analyzed within the scope of the paper. It has been established that the impact of factors which serve to calculate these Indexes displays a considerable dependence on the efficient government regulation over its foreign trade and, correspondingly, state management of foreign economic activity of Ukraine in the context of European integration. The work comprises substantiation for the necessity to improve government regulation in the sphere of macroeconomic indicators which are included into international comparison ratings. According to other ratings such as the «Index of Economic Freedom», the «Corruption Perceptions Index», among all EU member states Ukraine maintains the lowest indexes, which testifies to its current condition as the one which requires the implementation into the activity of government institutions of the best practices and tools originating not only from EU countries but also from the countries with highest rating indexes and most advanced practices of reforming the system of public relations in the sphere of foreign economic activity.

scholarly journals The Quality of Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Competitiveness in European Union Countries: A Panel Data Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rusu ◽  
Dornean
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Relationship

To increase competitiveness, a country has to outperform its competitors in terms of research and innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, and education. In this paper, we aim to test the relationship between the quality of entrepreneurial activity and the economic competitiveness for the European Union countries by using panel data estimation techniques. Our research considers a sample of 28 EU countries over the period 2011–2017. For the empirical investigation we apply panel data regression models. The results obtained show that business, macroeconomic environment and the quality of entrepreneurship are significant determinants of economic competitiveness of EU countries. Thus, we identify significant positive relations between innovation rate, inflation rate, FDI and economic competitiveness, and significant negative relations between expectations regarding job creation, tax rate, costs and competitiveness. Our study completes the literature by analyzing the relationship between the quality of entrepreneurship and the competitiveness of countries, for an extensive sample formed by all the 28 countries members of the European Union for a period of seven recent years.

Roma heteroidentification in the National Roma Integration Strategies of the European Union countries

Ethnicities ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146879682097112
Author(s):  
Lluís Català-Oltra ◽  
Javier Arza-Porras ◽  
Daniel La Parra-Casado
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Integration Strategies

As part of the EU’s social policy, the National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) have been in force until 2020. It was a pending task to systematically observe how these strategies define the Roma population and what element of the definition is prioritised. This is useful in understanding the limits of a unitary policy within the European Union concerning the Roma and also to analyse the orientation of said policies in each country. In this sense, we have previously defined what the Roma heteroidentification components are and we have selected the terms and lexemes that are associated with them. By using content analysis techniques, we have pinpointed the components in the NRIS and we have conducted a statistical analysis with the obtained data. The majority of EU countries define the Roma in their strategies as an ethnocultural, disadvantaged and discriminated group and, to a lesser extent, as foreigners or nomads. This heteroidentification is established based on the geopolitical bloc (East and West) to which the country belongs and the department in charge of the NRIS (mainly social departments or specific departments for minorities).

The problem of the use of unit equivalence scales in the analysis of the income situation of households in the European Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Hanna Dudek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Equivalence Scales ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
Demographic Composition ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Catch Up

The article says about equivalence scales used to compare the income situation of households of different size and demographic composition. The use of a single equivalence scale in the European Union (EU) is questionable due to the different situation of Member States households. The paper presents the results obtained on the basis of panel data on changes in spending share on typical public and private goods. Eurostat data was used on the shares of expenditure on housing, energy, food and soft drinks. The author examined whether the shares of these goods resembled in 2004–2013. It was observed a catch-up effect stronger by the weaker countries in terms of scale. The obtained results allow for moderate optimism regarding the future of the applicability of uniform equivalence scales in all EU countries.

scholarly journals Economic crisis and party responsiveness on the left–right dimension in the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Clements ◽  
Kyriaki Nanou ◽  
José Real-Dato
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Median Voter ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Eu Countries

The economic crisis within the European Union has had a significant impact on domestic politics in the member states, affecting the links between parties and citizens and accentuating the tensions parties face between governing responsibility and being responsive to public opinion. This article examines whether parties in EU countries have shifted their left–right ideological positions during the current crisis and whether such shifts are a direct response to the pressures of wider economic conditions or are more affected by changes in the preferences of the median voter. Party-based and citizen-based data are examined between 2002 and 2015, encompassing both the precrisis and crisis periods. The main findings are that the economic crisis has made parties less responsive to public opinion on the left–right dimension, and this effect is more pronounced for parties that have been in government.

scholarly journals Economic Polarization Across European Union Regions in the years 2007–2012 at NUTS 2 Level

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Piętak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Polarization Index ◽  
Economic Collapse ◽  
Statistical Yearbook ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The aim of this paper is to study the economic polarization in countries of the EU at NUTS 2 level in the years 2007–2012. The studies have to decide on positive or negative verification of the hypothesis, which states that the economic crisis of 2008–2013 had an influence on rising economic polarization in EU countries. The method used in this article is an application of some measures of economic polarization and inequality of income distribution. The carried out research did not allow for the positive verification of the hypothesis. Only in a few countries did the economic crisis have an influence on a reduction of the middle class. In most cases the economic collapse did not play any role in the raising of the economic polarization index. The statistical data used in this paper was taken from the following databases: Statistical Yearbook of the Regions – Poland from 2009 to 2013 and Eurostat – Regional statistics by NUTS classification*.

Preventive Debt Restructuring and the Nigerian Draft Insolvency Legislation: Lessons from a Comparative Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
Sanford U. Mba
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Debt Restructuring ◽  
The Us ◽  
Financially Distressed ◽  
Bankruptcy Code ◽  
Second Chance

Recently, the Nigerian Senate passed the Bankruptcy and Insolvency (Repeal and Re-enactment) Bill. This is no doubt a welcome development following the continued demand by insolvency practitioners, academics and other stakeholders for such legislation. The call has not only been for the enactment of just about any legislation, but (consistent with the economic challenges faced by businesses in the country), one that is favourably disposed to the successful restructuring of financially distressed businesses, allowing them to weather the storm of (impending) insolvency, emerge from it and continue to operate within the economy. This article seeks to situate this draft legislative instrument within the present wave of preventive restructuring ably espoused in the European Union Recommendation on New Approaches to Business Rescue and to Give Entrepreneurs a Second Chance (2014), which itself draws largely from Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code. The article draws a parallel between the economic crisis that gave rise to the preventive restructuring approach of the Recommendation and the present economic situation in Nigeria; it then examines the chances of such restructuring under the Nigerian draft bankruptcy and insolvency legislation. It argues in the final analysis that the draft legislation does not provide for a prophylactic recourse regime for financially distressed businesses. Consequently, a case is made for such an approach.

Constitutional and Legal Restrictions in the European Union Countries in the Context of the COVID 19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the norms of international law and the legislation of the EU countries. The list of main provisions of constitutional and legal restrictions in the European Union countries is presented. The application of the norms is described Human rights conventions. The principle of implementing legal acts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. A comparative analysis of legal restrictive measures in the States of the European Union is carried out.

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