scholarly journals Self-Dual Stochastic Production Frontiers and Decomposition of Output Growth: The Case of Olive-Growing Farms in Greece

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannis Karagiannis ◽  
Vangelis Tzouvelekas
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
Allocative Inefficiency ◽  
Over Time

This paper provides a decomposition of output growth among olive-growing farms in Greece during the period 1987–1993 by integrating Bauer's (1990) and Bravo-Ureta and Rieger's (1991) approaches. The proposed methodology is based on the use of self-dual production frontier functions. Output growth is attributed to the size effect, technical change, changes in technical and input allocative inefficiency, and the scale effect. Empirical results indicate that the scale and the input allocative inefficiency effects, which were not taken into account in previous studies on output growth decomposition analysis, have caused a 7.3% slowdown and a 11.0% increase in output growth, respectively. Technical change was found to be the main source of TFP growth while both technical and input allocative inefficiency decreased over time. Still though, a 56.5% of output growth is attributed to input growth.

scholarly journals Trends in Productivity Growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: A Growth Accounting Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Ariful Hoque ◽  
Subhrabaran Das
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Study Results

The pharmaceutical industry of India is one of the most rapidly expanding research-based industries of Indian manufacturing. This paper attempts to examine the trends in partial and total factor productivity (TFP) growth of India’s pharmaceutical industry using industry-level time series data covering a period of 25 years from 1993-94 to 2017-18, which is further divided into pre-product and post-product patent periods. Three alternative indices of growth accounting approach viz., Translog, Solow, and Kendrick have been used to measure the growth of total factor productivity with four input production framework. The study results indicate significant increasing trends in capital intensity as well as labour, energy and material productivity and a significant declining trend in capital productivity over the entire study period. This study also finds a positive turnaround in the TFP growth of Indian’s pharmaceutical industry during the post-product patent era. The decomposition analysis confirms that output growth in the pharmaceutical industry is input-driven rather than productivity-driven as TFP growth contributes only 8.5 percent to the observed output growth. From the policy standpoint, this paper also suggests greater emphasis on resource efficiency by improving the quality of factor inputs, particularly capital, through increased R&D activities and adoption of cutting-edge technology.

scholarly journals Technical change in Finnish grass silage production

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SIPILÄINEN ◽  
M. RYHÄNEN
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Silage Production

Stochastic production frontier analysis is applied in decomposing output growth of grass silage production to technical change, technical efficiency change, scale effect and input growth. For 1990–2000 in a complete panel of 138 Finnish farms, almost three fourths of the output growth was linked to input growth. The annual technical change, the shift of the production frontier, was on average 1.4 percent. Technical effi- ciency indicated a slightly decreasing tendency, less than 0.2 percent per year. Harvesting techniques were used as indicators of different technologies. The analysis showed that production frontiers differed between harvesting techniques. The choice of harvesting technique seemed to be related to circumstances on the farm. Thus, overall technical efficiency should not be interpreted as a measure of managerial competence when all the factors are not in the farmer’s control. Controlling background and production environment related factors yields a considerably lower level of technical inefficiency than the models without the control. It is also shown that in general a more productive harvesting technique may be on average less effi- ciently utilized when compared to its own frontier.;

Does a Diversified Crop Portfolio Make Farmers More Efficient? A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis of Farm-level Data from Assam, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522199758
Author(s):  
Raju Mandal ◽  
Shrabanti Maity
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Stochastic Production

The agriculture sector in India is beset with twin limitations of shrinking cultivable area and absence of major technological breakthroughs in the recent past. In such a situation, a judicious management of the farm in the form of adjustment in a crop portfolio can be quite useful to maximise output and minimise wastage of resources. This article seeks to examine whether a diversified crop portfolio makes the farmers more efficient using farm-level survey data collected from geographically diverse areas of Assam, a state in northeast India. The results of a stochastic production frontier analysis show that adoption of a diversified crop portfolio across crops and seasons makes the farmers more efficient in cultivation by helping them reduce weather-induced damages to crops and reap better returns from farming. This efficiency-enhancing effect of crop diversification is found to be heterogeneous among the regions. However, too much diversification reduces the efficiency of farmers. The results have important implications for Assam where floods cause extensive damage to crops every year. Moreover, access to extension services and government support are found to make the farmers more efficient. On the other hand, fixed-rent form of tenancy reduces efficiency of the farmers while household size has a positive impact on the same.

scholarly journals Growth and Weight Status in Chinese Children and Their Association with Family Environments

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Xu Tian ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The growth status and weight status of Chinese children have experienced remarkable changes in the past decades. Using China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, this paper examines the secular trends and disparity of the growth status and weight status in Chinese children and further investigates the impact of various family environments on children’s growth from 1991 to 2011. We found an increasing trend in standardized growth indicators (height, weight, and BMI), overweight, and obesity from 1991 to 2011. We also observed an increasing disparity in overweight and obesity over time. Family environments had a significant impact on children’s growth status and weight status. In particular, children that live in families with a small size, higher family income, better sanitary conditions, and with well-educated parents or overweight parents tended to be taller and heavier and have a higher BMI, lower risk of being underweight, and higher risk of exhibiting overweight and obesity. Further decomposition analysis showed that more than 70% of the disparity in standardized height, weight, and overweight and around 50% of the disparity in standardized BMI, underweight, and obesity could be attributed to heterogeneity in family environments. Moreover, the disparity associated with family environments tended to increase over time.

scholarly journals The Economics and Productivity of Organic versus Conventional U.S. Dairy Farms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Richard F. Nehring ◽  
Jeffrey Gillespie ◽  
Catherine Greene ◽  
Jonathan Law
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Input Distance Function ◽  
Technological Adoption ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
Certified Organic

Abstract United States certified organic and conventional dairy farms are compared on the basis of economic, financial, and technological measures using dairy data from the 2016 USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey. A stochastic production frontier model using an input distance function framework is estimated for U.S. dairy farms to examine technical efficiency and returns to scale (RTS) of farms of both systems and by multiple size categories. Financial and economic measures such as net return on assets and input costs, as well as technological adoption measures are compared by system and size. For both systems, size is the major determinant of competitiveness based on selected measures of productivity and RTS.

scholarly journals Land reform in NE Brazil: a stochastic frontier production efficiency evaluation

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Marques de Magalhães ◽  
Hildo Meirelles de Souza Filho ◽  
Miguel Rocha de Sousa ◽  
José Maria F. J. da Silveira ◽  
Antônio Márcio Buainain
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Allocative Inefficiency ◽  
Section Sample

The aim of this paper is to address the sources of technical and allocative inefficiency from a cross section sample of 308 beneficiaries of a market assisted land reform program, called "Cédula da Terra"; from five states in Northeastern region of Brazil. In spite of some differences on governance of the "Cédula da Terra"; in comparison with traditional expropriation land reform program, studies carried by Buainain et al. (2002) have shown small differences between then, regarding their social and economic characteristics. We believe that our results could be useful to identify the main problems of Brazilian land reform settlements. We estimated a potential production frontier following the methodology of Battese and Coelli (1995), Coelli et al. (1998) and applied econometric techniques to explain inefficiency. The results indicate the existence of technical and allocative inefficiency, which is identified mostly in situations where the presence of production for consumption is high. This is a result that shows how immature the agriculture activity is in most of Cédula da Terra Program settlements and the difficulty to overcome the limitations imposed by the initial condition of formation of agrarian reform, primarily in Northeastern region of Brazil.

scholarly journals The Energy Intensity of Economic Sectors in Mint Countries: Implications for Sustainable Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibueze, E. Nnaji ◽  
Nnaji Moses ◽  
Jonathan N. Chimah ◽  
Monica C. Maduekwe
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Industrial Sectors

<div><p><em>This paper analysed the status of energy intensity of economic sectors (agriculture, industry, commercial, residential) in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey) countries and its implications for sustainable development. We utilised descriptive statistics as well as the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis to examine energy and efficiency trends, from 1980-2013, in MINT countries. Empirical results indicate inefficient energy use in the residential and industrial sectors of Nigeria and Indonesia. The analysis  also indicates that income/output growth (activity effect) contributed to an increase in sectoral energy consumption of MINT countries. It also revealed that while structural effects contributed to a reduction in energy consumption in virtually all the sectors in Turkey and Mexico, it contributed to an increase in energy consumption of the residential, industrial and commercial sectors of Indonesia and Nigeria in virtually all the periods. These results suggest that a policy framework that emphasizes the utilization of energy efficient technologies especially electricity infrastructural development aimed at energy service availability, accessibility and affordability will help to trigger desirable economic development and ensure rapid sustainable development of MINT economies.</em></p></div>

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