Comorbid Depressive Disorders in Epilepsy

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (S4) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres M. Kanner ◽  
Andrew J. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Abnormal Signal ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
History Of Depression

A 27-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after having witnessed generalized tonic clonic seizure while asleep. Birth and development were normal. She had suffered a single febrile seizure at 13 months of age, but had no other seizure risk factors. She was otherwise well except for a history of depression for which she was taking sertraline. Depressive symptoms had been well controlled over the past 3 months, but she had been under increased stress working to finish a doctoral thesis. Neurological examination was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed modest asymmetry of the hippocampi, slightly smaller on the right, but no abnormal signal and well-preserved laminar anatomy. An electroencephalogram was negative. She was discharged from the emergency room with no treatment. Three weeks later, the patient's boyfriend witnessed an episode of behavioral arrest with lip smacking and swallowing automatisms lasting 45 seconds, after which the patient was confused for 20–30 minutes. The next morning she and her boyfriend kept a previously scheduled appointment with a neurologist.

scholarly journals Intracranial subdural osteoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 205873922092685
Author(s):  
Yunna Yang ◽  
Zheng Gu ◽  
Yinglun Song
Keyword(s):  
Dura Mater ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Benign Neoplasms ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
T1 Hyperintensity ◽  
The Right

Subdural osteomas are extremely rare benign neoplasms. Here, we report the case of a 35-year-old female patient with a right frontal and parietal subdural osteoma. The patient presented with a 2-year history of intermittent headache and fatigue. Computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a high-density lesion attached to the inner surface of the right frontal and parietal skull. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated T1 hyperintensity and T2 hypointensity of the lesion. Intraoperatively, the hard mass was located in subdural space and attached to the dura mater. Histopathological examination revealed lamellated bony trabeculae lined by osteoblasts and the intertrabecular marrow spaces occupied by adipose tissue. The patient underwent neurosurgical resection and recovered without complication. Surgical excision is recommended to extract the symptomatic lesions with overlying dura mater.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric morbidity in focal epilepsy

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia J. Adams ◽  
Terence J. O'Brien ◽  
John Lloyd ◽  
Christine J. Kilpatrick ◽  
Michael R. Salzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundPrevious work has identified elevated prevalence rates for psychiatric disorders in individuals with medically refractory focal epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy. Many studies were undertaken before the advent of video electroencephalogram monitoring (VEM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).AimsTo investigate which characteristics of the focal epilepsy syndromes are associated with the presence of depression or psychosis.MethodThree hundred and nineteen individuals with focal epilepsy admitted for VEM were seen over an 11-year period. The lifetime history of depression and psychosis, epileptic site, laterality and type of lesion were determined by clinical assessment, VEM and MRI scan.ResultsThere was a significant association between the prevalence of depressive symptoms and non-lesional focal epilepsy. There were no significant differences in prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders between the groups with temporal lobe epilepsy and those with extratemporal lobe epilepsy.ConclusionsThese findings contrast with previous findings in smaller cohorts. The association between non-lesional focal epilepsy and depression may be due to the effects of a more diffuse epileptogenic area.

scholarly journals Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. e74-e76 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Shah ◽  
O Abu-Sanad ◽  
H Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

Introduction Paratesticular lesions are common, and one subgroup is paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. The latter is a relatively uncommon (but aggressive) tumour that affects children and adolescents predominantly. Ultrasound is the first-line investigation, but can be inconclusive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide useful information, but its role in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is not clear. Case History We report a 17-year-old male who presented with a one-month history of a rapidly enlarging, non-tender, lump in the right testicle. Urgent ultrasound of the scrotum revealed a heterogenous paratesticular mass that was hypervascular and showed calcification in the right inguinal area. MRI of the pelvis showed a solid, enhancing lesion of dimension located superior to the upper pole of the right testes and a slightly heterogeneous T2 signal, but was homogenous post-contrast. The patient underwent right radical orchidectomy, and histology results were assessed. He received chemotherapy and is being followed up. Conclusions Improvements in imaging in addition to early surgical intervention and chemotherapy treatment are crucial to improve survival chances against rhabdomyosarcoma. Ultrasound findings for benign diseases may mimic those seen in rhabdomyosarcoma. In such cases of diagnostic uncertainty, our surgical team suggest MRI to reduce the risk of a delayed diagnosis and time to treatment.

Anesthesia for MRI

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Du ◽  
Mohamed A. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Anesthetic Techniques ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anesthesia Providers ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pediatric Sedation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Over the past two decades, recent advances in technological innovation have led to an increased demand for pediatric noninvasive procedures. This clinical demand has resulted in tremendous growth in pediatric sedation in non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) locations. Providing anesthesia in these locations challenges anesthesia providers to gain familiarity with the procedures, tailor an anesthesia plan to the procedure and location, and plan for the management of life-threatening situations in these challenging locations. Anesthesiologists are the final arbiter of whether the child is optimized for the procedure or not in NORA location with potentially limited access to backup help. This chapter explores the current and important safety issues for anesthetic administration in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suite, the available anesthetic techniques for MRI anesthesia/sedation and finally discuss some specialty-specific considerations for children with history of obstructive sleep apnea and difficult airway.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Thoracic Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Aycan ◽  
Seymen Ozdemir ◽  
Harun Arslan ◽  
Edip Gonullu ◽  
Cemal Bozkına
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Spinal Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spinal Epidural

A 33-year-old male patient experienced temporary sensory loss and weakness in the right lower extremity one month prior to admission. The patient was admitted to a private clinic with a three-day history of acute onset of sensory loss and weakness in both lower extremities and was treated and followed up with a prediagnosis of transverse myelitis and the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). The patient was subsequently transferred to our clinic and the neurologic examination revealed paraplegia in both lower extremities, positive bilateral Babinski signs, and hypesthesia below the T10 dermatome with saddle anesthesia. The patient had urinary incontinence and thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an image of a mass compressing the medulla.

scholarly journals Vaping Disrupts Ventilation-Perfusion Matching in Asymptomatic Users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhilash S. Kizhakke Puliyakote ◽  
Ann R. Elliott ◽  
Rui Carlos Sá ◽  
Kevin M. Anderson ◽  
Laura E. Crotty Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inert Gas ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Second Moments ◽  
Ventilation Heterogeneity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ventilation And Perfusion

Objective: Inhalation of e-cigarettes aerosols (vaping) has the potential to disrupt pulmonary gas exchange, but the effects in asymptomatic users are unknown. We assessed ventilation-perfusion (V̇A/Q̇) mismatch in asymptomatic e-cigarette users, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that vaping induces V̇A/Q̇ mismatch through alterations in both ventilation and perfusion distributions. Methods: Nine young, asymptomatic Vapers with a >1yr vaping history, and no history of cardiopulmonary disease, were imaged supine using proton MRI, to assess the right lung at baseline and immediately after vaping. Seven young Controls were imaged at baseline only. Relative dispersion (SD/Mean) was used to quantify the heterogeneity of the individual ventilation and perfusion distributions. V̇A/Q̇ mismatch was quantified using the second moments of the ventilation and perfusion vs. V̇A/Q̇ ratio distributions, log scale, LogSDV̇ and LogSDQ̇ respectively, analogous to the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Results: Spirometry was normal in both groups. Ventilation heterogeneity was similar between groups at baseline (Vapers: 0.43±0.13, Controls: 0.51±0.11, P=0.13) but increased after vaping (to 0.57±0.17, P=0.03). Perfusion heterogeneity was greater (P=0.04) in Vapers at baseline (0.53±0.06) compared to Controls (0.44±0.10) but decreased after vaping (to 0.42±0.07, P=0.005). Vapers had greater (P=0.01) V̇A/Q̇ mismatch at baseline compared to Controls (LogSDQ̇ = 0.61±0.12 vs. 0.43±0.12), which was increased after vaping (LogSDQ̇ = 0.73±0.16, P=0.03). Conclusion: V̇A/Q̇ mismatch is greater in Vapers and worsens after vaping. This suggests subclinical alterations in lung function not detected by spirometry.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Ossified Chronic Subdural Hematoma Complicated with Tension Pneumocephalus

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (04) ◽  
pp. e44-e45
Author(s):  
Mehmet Turgut ◽  
Murat Ö. Yay
Keyword(s):  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Microsurgical Technique ◽  
Tension Pneumocephalus ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

AbstractA 59-year-old man presented with epileptic seizures interpreted as episodic syncope in the past 3 years and the patient had a history of head trauma about 4 years ago. Computed tomography revealed an ossified chronic subdural hematoma involving the right frontotemporoparietal region, which was totally resected using microsurgical technique. Postoperatively, weakness developed in right arm and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a bilateral tension pneumocephalus, which was immediately treated by a left frontal burr hole trepanation, and the patient was discharged uneventfully.

scholarly journals Viscous Leptomeningeal Pseudotumoural Masses and Multiple Cranial Neuropathy – Severe Presentation of Neurosarcoidosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Ribeiro Dias ◽  
Inês Henriques Ferreira ◽  
Raquel Faria
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Cranial Neuropathy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Multiple Cranial Neuropathy

We present a case of a 56-year-old man with a history of episcleritis (left) and cluster headache (left) who had a penetrating trauma of the left eye leading to amaurosis 1 month previously. Since then, he developed multiple cranial neuropathy of the right side (V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII cranial pairs). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an infiltrative lesion of the base of the skull which extended to the retropharyngeal and jugular space, which progressed to multiple leptomeningeal masses extending to the clivus, despite aggressive immunosuppression. Rebiopsy of 1 meningeal mass supported the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. The patient finally responded to high-dose prolonged infliximab therapy, with complete remission.

scholarly journals Coincident craniopharyngioma and unruptured aneurysm at the right M1- M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery. Case report 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Williams Escalante ◽  
Denis Isao Ueoka ◽  
Eduardo Andre Goulart de Alcântara ◽  
Anderson Rodrigo de Sousa ◽  
Paulo Henrique Pires de Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysm ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

We report a case of coincident craniopharyngioma with an unruptured aneurysm at the right M1- M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery; and discuss the surgical approach to two different pathologies treated at same surgical time, as well as current theories to explain the coincidence or association between tumor and vascular lesions at the sellar and suprasellar regions. The patient was a 59-year-old woman; with a history of visual impairment and headache. Both lesions were identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebral angiography, and were treated surgically. We suggest individualized treatment for each case, choosing the best neurosurgical approach to achieve an appropriate treatment of both pathologies in the same operative session.

COMMONWEALTH Forum: The Politics of Science or the Science of Politics

Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Arway
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Environmental Agency ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The challenges of including factual information in public policy and political discussions are many. The difficulties of including scientific facts in these debates can often be frustrating for scientists, politicians and policymakers alike. At times it seems that discussions involve different languages or dialects such that it becomes a challenge to even understand one another’s position. Oftentimes difference of opinion leads to laws and regulations that are tilted to the left or the right. The collaborative balancing to insure public and natural resource interests are protected ends up being accomplished through extensive litigation in the courts. In this article, the author discusses the history of environmental balancing during the past three decades from the perspective of a field biologist who has used the strength of our policies, laws and regulations to fight for the protection of our Commonwealth’s aquatic resources. For the past 7 years, the author has taken over the reins of “the most powerful environmental agency in Pennsylvania” and charted a course using science to properly represent natural resource interests in public policy and political deliberations.

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