The long and winding journey of Outsider Art. An historical perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Tansella
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Art World ◽  
Outsider Art ◽  
Art Collectors ◽  
Art Dealers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of

SUMMARYAims - The article describes the evolution of Outsider Art from the birth of its term in 1972 to the present and its emancipation from the margin to the markets, still in progress. Results - Tracing the evolution of Outsider Art evidences a stark contradiction. On one hand the art world of collectors, historians, art dealers and admirateurs, accepts without reservation artwork that for many years was kept in a marginal position, compared to the “insider” art establishment. On the other hand art experts can not agree on a universal definition of this category of art. The particular status of the outsider artists is one of the reasons that causes difficulty in reaching a definition of Outsider Art. Significant atelier experiences with psychiatric patients delineate the difference between an Outsider Art work and a work produced by Art Therapy. Conclusions - The art market of art dealers and art collectors can be identified as the place where these contradictions dissolve, and where the Outsider Art category finds its ultimate legitimation and international recognition.

Identity, Community and Belonging in gcc States

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-428
Author(s):  
Miriam R. Lowi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Project ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Studies of identity and belonging in Gulf monarchies tend to privilege tribal or religious affiliation, if not the protective role of the ruler as paterfamilias. I focus instead on the ubiquitous foreigner and explore ways in which s/he contributes to the definition of national community in contemporary gcc states. Building upon and moving beyond the scholarly literature on imported labor in the Gulf, I suggest that the different ‘categories’ of foreigners impact identity and the consolidation of a community of privilege, in keeping with the national project of ruling families. Furthermore, I argue that the ‘European,’ the non-gcc Arab, and the predominantly Asian (and increasingly African) laborer play similar, but also distinct roles in the delineation of national community: while they are differentially incorporated in ways that protect the ‘nation’ and appease the citizen-subject, varying degrees of marginality reflect Gulf society’s perceptions or aspirations of the difference between itself and ‘the other(s).’

On Nernst's “Osmotic Experiment” and a Definition of Osmotic Pressure

1899 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 439-440
Author(s):  
Crum Brown
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

In vol. vi. of the Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (1890), pp. 16–36, Nernst demonstrates the relation between the osmotic pressure of a given solution of N in A and the difference of concentration of two solutions of A in B, the one made by shaking up B with A and the other by shaking up B with the solution of N in A; where A and B are two liquids miscible with each other, but not in all proportions, as, for instance, water and ether, and N a substance soluble in A but not in B. Immediately after this paper, Nernst describes (l.c., pp. 37–40) an osmotic experiment in which the “semipermeable membrane” is a layer of the liquid B held in its place by capillarity. Through this layer no N can pass, because N is insoluble in B, but A will pass from what we may call the A side, on account of the concentration gradient, the layer of B containing more A dissolved in it on the A side than on the solution side. At the same time a pressure is developed on the solution side equal to the osmotic pressure of the solution of N.So far as the diffusion of A through the layer of B from the A side to the solution side is concerned, Nernst's experiment can be shown without fixing the layer of B. In the form exhibited to the Society, A is water, B phenol, and N calcium nitrate.

Prognosis of ProB ALL in Children

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2512-2512
Author(s):  
Ondrej Hrusak ◽  
Ester Mejstrikova ◽  
Katerina Zdrahalova ◽  
Karolina Kramarzova ◽  
Martin Kovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Pediatric Hematology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract ProB ALL is considered an unfavorable subset of ALL both in children and adults. It is currently defined as B precursor ALL with no expression of CD10. MLL/AF4pos cases, who are almost never express CD10, contribute to the poorer prognosis of proB ALL. Until now, it has not been solved whether the prognosis of proB children remains poorer even after removal of MLL/AF4pos cases. We have analyzed the prognosis of proB ALL in comparison to the other types of B precursor ALL in a population-wide cohort of Czech children tested in our lab between 9/1996 and 8/2006; we asked whether the prognosis was affected by MLL/AF4pos cases. Concurrently, we asked whether a more sensitive definition of proB ALL uncovers additional patients with a similar prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed all 505 patients tested in our reference lab, age below 18 years at diagnosis of B precursor ALL. All patients have been treated in one of the Czech Pediatric Hematology working group centers according to the standard treatment protocols BFM95 (n=290), Interfant99 (n=12), Interfant2006 (n=3), ALL-IC BFM 2002 (n=192) or POG9407 (n=5); 3 children were treated/followed off-protocol. ProB ALL (n=42) was associated with a poorer prognosis in the entire cohort (p= 0.0084, 5y EFS 62%±7.9%). After removing MLL/AF4pos ALL (n=10), 5y EFS is 66% ± 8.8% and the difference from CD10pos patients is no longer significant (p=0.09). Next, we tested a hypothesis that patients with a “partial proB” ALL (i.e., those containing CD10pos cells in addition to a substantial proportion of CD10neg lymphoblasts) have a poorer prognosis. The percentage of CD10neg cells was defined in all as a difference between CD19pos and CD10pos gated lymphoblasts; cases with greater than 20% of CD10neg cells who did not fulfill the current proB ALL definition were categorized as “partial proB”. The prognosis of “partial proB” ALL (n=45; 8.9%) is similar (5y EFS 63% ± 7.7%) to the classical proB ALL. With the exception of MLL/AF4, none of which expresses CD10, the distribution of main genotype categories is not significantly different between proB ALL and “partial proB” ALL. In contrast, the genotype distribution differs between “partial proB” ALL and other non-proB cases (p=0.0072). Response of the “partial proB” patients to prednisone is not different from the “classical” proB but poorer than that of non-proB ALL (pFisher=0.0039). Combining the “partial proB” and proB ALL cases into one category (n=87) defines a subset with a poor prognosis (n=77, 5y EFS 64%±5.9%), which is significantly poorer than that of other B precursor ALL cases even after excluding MLL/AF4pos children (5y EFS 78%±2.2%; p=0.011). Therefore, the definition of proB ALL should be based on the percentage of CD10neg blasts, rather than on a complete absence of CD10 in all blasts–such criteria define patients with a new ALL subtype whose prognosis is poorer even after excluding MLL/AF4pos ALL. Supported by MSM0021620813, MZdNR/9531–3. Czech Pediatric Hematology Working Group. Figure Figure

Resilience and risk, metal health and well-being: How do these concepts relate?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S463-S463
Author(s):  
F. Schultze-Lutter ◽  
S. Ochsenbein ◽  
S.J. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of

IntroductionResilience and well-being have become commonplace and increasingly used terms in a wide range of scientific as well as mental health political contexts.ObjectivesThere is much confusion about the relationship of the two constructs: while some use well-being as a proxy measure of resilience, others treat one concept as a component of the other or see interchangeably one as the prerequisite of the other.AimsTo study the definition of these two concepts in relation to each other.MethodsLiterature review.ResultsBoth ‘resilience’ as well as ‘well-being’, have so far defied universal definition and common understanding of their respective measurement. Part of the confusion around these two concepts is the overlap in their components, in particular with regard to resilience and psychological well-being, and the lack of research on these concepts both by themselves, in relation to each other and in relation to other concepts like mental health, risk or protective (or promotive) factors.ConclusionOur critical and comparative inspection of both concepts highlights the need for more conceptual cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies:– to uncover the composition of these constructs and to reach agreement on their definition and measurement;– to detect their potential neurobiological underpinnings;– to reveal how they relate to each other;– to determine the potential role of developmental and cultural peculiarities.Thus, the use of the terms resilience and well-being should always be accompanied by a brief explanation of their respective meanings and theoretical framework.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals In the Provision of the gift for the Judge in the Issue of Bribery

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dr Sayed Nsaralh Mahbooby
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

This discussion has dealt with  two views in jurisprudential books. One aspect of the Makaseb and the other one is the view of judgment . In this essay, we have also reviewed the issues they include : First one is describing and explaining the definition of Bribes . Second , about the reasons why bribes are forbidden .   Third , about the sentence of gift on this topic.        In this section there is an investigation of  sentences of the gift to the Judge and based on sources of jurisprudence , Necessary reasoning is explained for gift sentence and Some narrations have been   quoted in this regard , they explained What is the difference between gift and bribe.

scholarly journals New universal definition of myocardial infarction: What is the difference?

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-244
Author(s):  
Zarko Vucinic
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of

<zakljucak> Ucinjene su brojne izmene univerzalne definicije infarkta miokarda u odnosu na verziju iz 2000. godine, ali troponin ostaje zlatni standard za opstu definiciju u miljeu karakteristicnog klinickog scenarija za ishemiju miokarda i tipicnih EKG promena. Svako povecanje troponina ne znaci istovremeno i definitivno infarkt miokarda. Postoje i mnogi drugi uzroci porasta troponina. Nekroza miokarda nije uvek posledica ishemije, vec postoje i druge nokse koje mogu dovesti do smrti celija miokarda. U novim preporukama navodi se da je troponin 'izabrani' marker, ali i drugi biomarkeri, pre svega MB frakcija kreatinin kinaze, mogu biti dovoljni, ako nije dostupan test sa troponinom. Ostale inovacije ukljucuju kriterijume za infarkt miokarda kao uzrocnika naprasne smrti i posebna tezina koja se daje nalazima dobijenim ehokardiografski, perfuzionom scintigrafijom i ostalim neinvazivnim metodama. Jedan od ciljeva ovog konsenzusa je da se utvrde specificni kriterijumi za postavljenje dijagnoze infarkta miokarda koji ce biti moderni, prakticni i relevantni u svakoj prilici sirom sveta. Ideja je bila da se definicija standardizuje tako da sve klinicke studije i svi ljudi u bolnicama sirom sveta budu 'na istoj talasnoj duzini'.

Myth and Poetry in Macondo

2021 ◽  
pp. 322-340
Author(s):  
Mercedes López-Baralt
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cyclical Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Acceptance Speech

One Hundred Years of Solitude has frequently been approached from a historical perspective, focusing on the colonial imprint in Latin America’s destiny. Yet in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, García Márquez made it clear that he wished to be remembered for the poetry that permeates his writing. This article is inspired by this assertion, as well as by a quote from Ernesto Sabato, who claims that for philosophers and artists, myth and poetry are keys to access the Absolute: truth, beauty, and perfection. Taking into account the few previous attempts to pursue these motifs in the novel, the article undertakes a search of the traces of both myth and poetry in García Márquez’s opera magna. The faces of myth are many: Oedipus, prophecies, magic, utopia, the mandala of the tree of life, cyclical time, alchemy, one-dimensional characters (actants), genesis, and apocalypse. On the other hand, poems and metaphors are ever present in the novel. This search led to a new reading of One Hundred Years of Solitude, discovering García Márquez’ celebration of ambiguity. For the novel’s conclusion moves the reader to two opposing interpretations: apocalypse (the destruction of Macondo and the solitary Buendía dynasty) and hope (solidarity in a new mankind). The possibility of clashing readings confirms Italo Calvino’s definition of a classic as a book that never finishes saying what it has to say.

PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT AS AN ARTIST: FORMING THE DISCOURSE OF OUTSIDER ART IN THE EARLY XXTH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Anna A. Suvorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Outsider Art ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Art Critics

The author of the article studies the discourse of outsider art and refers to the beginning of its formation: the phenomenon of the art of the mentally ill, which is delineated and legitimized at the early twentieth century. Following the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault, the surfaces of emergence and the authorities of delimitation of the art of outsiders (in the early stage of the art of the mentally ill) are initially marginal in relation to the field of art. Instead of traditional instances of art –critics, museums, art critics – in the case of the art of outsiders, the discourse of outsider art was formed by psychiatrists, philosophers, and leftist artists. The transformation of the traditional way of legitimizing the phenomena of art was largely due to the change in the philosophy of culture and, on the one hand, the emergence of the idea of Dionysian values, irrational in culture, on the other, with the emergence of the concepts of the unconscious and the designation of its meaning in the context of personality and culture. The latter has made the field of psychiatry valuable, and psychiatrists new levels of differentiation in culture and art. But it is important to note the cardinal changes that took place in psychiatry in the period of the turn of the XIX–XX century. Including as a result of the activities of the German and Swiss schools, psychiatry becomes complex, multi-component scientific knowledge, was striving to study various aspects of the human psyche. On the other hand, in Germany and Switzerland interest in the art of the mentally ill was formed largely as a result of the active influence of expressionist painting, literature and aesthetics and other avant-garde tendencies; all this sets the stage for significant success in understanding and evaluating the art of psychiatric patients. It is also important that the actual process of legitimizing the art of the mentally ill in the texts of Walter Morgenhalter and Hans Prinzhorn had gone through the using by psychiatrists of the description’s language and analysis’s logic of the indicated phenomena inherent in the contemporary critical art theory.

scholarly journals The effect of the use of the jurists for Alfasid and Albatil in the acts of worship on Juristic Issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Abdullah Al - Shankiti Ali Mohammed Abdullah Al - Shankiti
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Meaning ◽  
Conventional Meaning ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This research deals with the difference between for Alfasid and Albatil. The researcher compares and prefers what appeared to him after investigation and inference. This research aims to indicate the meaning of Alfasid and Albatil, and based on the definition of a difference between jurists and speakers. This research aims to edit the difference between Alfasid and Albatil in the acts of worship on the four doctrines. And the impact on the branches of jurisprudence. This research has an introduction and two chapters: Chapter I: In a statement of the meaning of Alfasid and Albatil: and under three topics: The first topic: the linguistic meaning. The second topic: the conventional meaning. The third topic: the difference between jurists and speakers in the definition of Alfasid and Albatil. Chapter 2: The difference between Alfasid and Albatil at the four schools of worship. The first topic is: Alfasid and Albatil in the Hanafi and its impact on the jurisprudential branches. The second topic: Alfasid and Albatil in the other schools and its impact on the branches of jurisprudence. The third topic: the impact of the difference between the Hanafi and the other schools in achieving the difference between Alfasid and Albatil in worship.

scholarly journals Poverty — definitional problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Martyna Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Increasing Knowledge ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
The Way

Poverty has always existed; nevertheless, one must seek to reduce it, because it is an evil. However, before taking action in this direction, it is necessary to indicate what the problem is, what its essence is, hence it is necessary to define poverty. This is extremely important both from a research-theoretical as well as a practical perspective. Difficulties in establishing a single universal definition of poverty stem from the complexity and multidimensionality of this matter. Contemporary researchers agree that poverty does not have a solely economic dimension, because the other aspects are also important — such as cultural, psychological. The way of defining poverty has changed with increasing knowledge of the subject. When creating definitions of poverty, the assumption must be that the evil of poverty is real, so it is not a subjective assessment.

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