scholarly journals Effects of Trophic Poisoning with Methylmercury on the Appetitive Elements of the Agonistic Sequence in Fighting-Fish (Betta Splendens)

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Gouveia ◽  
Caio Maximino de Oliveira ◽  
Cynthia Ferreira Romão ◽  
Thiago Marques de Brito ◽  
Dora Fix Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Pronounced Effect ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Aggressive Display ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Amino Oxidase

The aggressive display in Betta splendens is particularly prominent, and vital to its adaptation to the environment. Methylmercury is an organic variation of Hg that presents particularly pronounced neuro-behavioral effects. The present experiments aim to test the effect of acute and chronic poisoning with methylmercury on the display in Bettas. The animals were poisoned by trophic means in both experiments (16 ug/kg in acute poisoning; 16 ug/kg/day for chronic poisoning), and tested in agonistic pairs. The total frequency of the display was recorded, analyzing the topography of the agonistic response. The methylmercury seems to present a dose- and detoxification-dependent effect on these responses, with a more pronounced effect on motivity in acute poisoning and on emotionality in the chronic poisoning. It is possible that this effect could be mediated by alteration in the mono-amino-oxidase systems.

scholarly journals True and Pseudo Cholinesterase levels in short and long-term of pesticides exposures

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Raghunatha Rao D ◽  
Vasantha L
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The present study is aimed to study and analyze the true and pseudo Cholinesterase levels in the subjects exposed to pesticides during short term by intentional or accidental intake and long term exposure due to their occupation were studied at Department of Biochemistry, SVS medical college and hospital mahbubnagar district. Whole blood cholinesterase levels and Pseudo cholinesterase levels were estimated. 150 people were taken as controls who had no medical illness and a total number of 300 cases of pesticide poisoning were selected, aged between 20 to 55 years, which consist of 150 acute poisoning and 150 chronic poisoning subjects in Mahbubnagar district, were taken as case study, the detailed case history and the type of organophosphorus pesticide taken were recorded. Mean and standard deviation (S.D) of all variables were calculated and compared with those of controls. Statistical significance was assessed and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.           During acute poisoning the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase/True cholinesterase (U / L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 1.267± 0.612 on 3th day was 1.651±0.647, on 7th day was 2.221±0.684 and at the end of 6 months was 3.970±0.404.The difference between the study group and control group (4.0 ± 0.39) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 2213.05 ± 1749.81, on 3th day was 2862.3 ± 2025.6, on 7th day was 4008.4 ± 2355.9 and at the end of 6 months was 7708.34 ± 880.72.The difference between the study group and control group (7991.97 ± 1276.5) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. During chronic poisoning (exposure) the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase (U/L) in controls is 4.0 ± 0.39 as compared to 3.019 ± 0.848 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in controls was 7991.97 ± 1276.5 as compared to 6214 ± 1189 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant.

Effects of Mercury Chloride (HgCl2) on Betta Splendens Aggressive Display

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno de Matos Mansur ◽  
Caio Neno Silva Cavalcante ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Amauri Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Aggressive Display ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Progressive Group ◽  
Image Test ◽  
Motor Display

Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is a toxic mercury salt and a major pollutant, that can be found in soil, water and air, with influences on behavior, physiology and adaptation to the environment. In this study two experiments were designed to examine interactions and effects of HgCl2 on some behavioral patterns of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). In the first experiment we tested the effect of a progressive dose (five 0.04 mg) on aggressive display with exposure to a mirror, whereas in the second experiment we tested the effect of an acute dose (0.2 mg) on the aggressive display with exposure to a mirror. The experiments were performed on 5 consecutive sessions at intervals of 18 hours between sessions. Differences of performance were shown by subjects in the acute and progressive treatments when compared with a control treatment in the majority of behaviors evaluated, namely Floating, Slow Swimming, Wavy Swimming, Emerging, Bend, Square Move and Motor Display Components. Acute treatment was different from control only on Show Body, while the progressive group differed on Resting, Horizontal Display and Appropriate Display Components. Differences between Correlate Display Components and Total were also shown. Both the acute and progressive contamination with HgCl2 decrease the motor activity in the aggressive display, mirror-image test of Betta splendens, mainly on the progressive dose. This implies an impairment on feeding behavior, predator avoidance, reproductive behavior, mate choice and territoriality. These results suggest that in this fish species, the progressive dose has a greater effect on behavior in general and that both the acute and progressive contamination with mercury chloride affect many other aspects of behavior.

Mad cats and mad hatters: accidental mercury poisoning

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Emsley
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Mercury Poisoning ◽  
Industrial Medicine ◽  
Italian Physician ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
General Weakness ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System

There are two kinds of mercury poisoning: chronic poisoning in which the body is subjected to regular small doses of mercury which exceed the amount it can excrete every day, and acute poisoning, in which a person is exposed to a life-threatening dose. It is the former type of poisoning that this chapter is about. Large doses deliberately given will be the topic of the next chapter. Chronic mercury poisoning used to be an occupational hazard for many employees. Those affected suffered from the physical symptoms of fatigue, general weakness, and a tremor of the hands, to the extent that their handwriting became spidery, and these symptoms were due to the effects on the central nervous system. More serious were the psychological symptoms such as irritability, depression, and a paranoid belief that other people were persecuting them, all of which came as a result of mercury seeping into the brain. The groups of workers most at risk from chronic mercury poisoning were gilders, hat makers, dentists, those in the electrical industries – and detectives. Most of these occupations no longer use mercury, and in those that do it is strictly controlled so that the risks are now negligible. Monitoring those exposed to mercury in their employment can be done via their urine or blood. Yet it was a long struggle to make people aware of the dangers this metal posed, and along the way there were some major examples of exposure involving hundreds of thousands of individuals, many of whom had their lives made wretched by mercury. Indeed the campaign against mercury really started 300 years ago when an Italian physician was the first to become interested in the link between occupation and illness. That physician was the surgeon Bernardino Ramazzini (1633–1714), who is today regarded as the founder of occupational and industrial medicine. In 1700 he wrote the first book on the subject: De Morbis Artificum Diatriba [The Diseases of Workers]. In it he outlined the health hazards associated with various chemicals, dust, and metals encountered by those working in 52 different occupations, including the miners who worked in the mercury mines.

Chemoreception in Betta Splendens

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Simón
Keyword(s):  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Aggressive Display

4 Ss were kept visually and chemically isolated for 21 days in individual glass beakers with no aereation or drainage. They were then transplanted to each other's beakers (their “habitats”), which retained the water “contaminated” by the original S. They were observed for signs of aggressive display. No sign of displaying occurred.

scholarly journals Norepinephrine elicitation of aggressive display responses in Betta splendens

1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Marrone ◽  
Sidney L. Pray ◽  
Cecil C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Aggressive Display
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