The Coronal Site of a Type III Burst as a Source of Interplanetary Electrons

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Palmer ◽  
R. P. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Active Region ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Open Cone ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
The Earth

Although cosmic rays detected in interplanetary space have often been correlated with visible flares at the Sun, little is known about the transport of these particles through the corona. Lin demonstrated a good correlation between ≳20 keV electron events detected by spacecraft near the Earth and type III radio bursts at the Sun. In a detailed investigation of many of these electron events from one particular active region source, Lin proposed that the injection of electrons was characterized by a source region in the corona which extended over ~70° in longitude, such that in this region the electrons had direct access to an ‘open cone’ of propagation in interplanetary space. When the spacecraft was situated outside this open cone (by up to 15°), impulsive electron events were still recorded, but these were now modified by diffusion through the corona of the electrons from the 70° source region.

Correlations of solar-flare electron events with radio and X-ray emission from the sun

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S757-S760 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Solar Radio ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Radio Observations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Electron Event ◽  
Burst Emission

The > 40-keV solar-flare electrons observed by the IMP III and Mariner IV satellites are shown to be closely correlated with solar radio and X-ray burst emission. In particular, intense type III radio bursts are observed to accompany solar electron-event flares. The energies of the electrons, the total number of electrons, and the size of the electron source at the sun can be inferred from radio observations. The characteristics of the electrons observed in interplanetary space are consistent with these radio observations. Therefore these electrons are identified as the exciting agents of the type III emission. It has been noted that the radio and X-ray bursts are part of the flash phase of flares. The observations indicate that a striking feature of the flash phase is the production of electrons of 10–100 keV energies.

scholarly journals A review of the SCOSTEP’s 5-year scientific program VarSITI—Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Shiokawa ◽  
Katya Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Scientific Program ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Grand Minimum ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Connection ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe Sun is a variable active-dynamo star, emitting radiation in all wavelengths and solar-wind plasma to the interplanetary space. The Earth is immersed in this radiation and solar wind, showing various responses in geospace and atmosphere. This Sun–Earth connection variates in time scales from milli-seconds to millennia and beyond. The solar activity, which has a ~11-year periodicity, is gradually declining in recent three solar cycles, suggesting a possibility of a grand minimum in near future. VarSITI—variability of the Sun and its terrestrial impact—was the 5-year program of the scientific committee on solar-terrestrial physics (SCOSTEP) in 2014–2018, focusing on this variability of the Sun and its consequences on the Earth. This paper reviews some background of SCOSTEP and its past programs, achievements of the 5-year VarSITI program, and remaining outstanding questions after VarSITI.

Influence of supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, solar flares, and cosmic rays on the terrestrial environment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Dar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Threat To Life

Changes in the solar neighbourhood due to the motion of the sun in the Galaxy, solar evolution, and Galactic stellar evolution influence the terrestrial environment and expose life on the Earth to cosmic hazards. Such cosmic hazards include impact of near-Earth objects (NEOs), global climatic changes due to variations in solar activity and exposure of the Earth to very large fluxes of radiations and cosmic rays from Galactic supernova (SN) explosions and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Such cosmic hazards are of low probability, but their influence on the terrestrial environment and their catastrophic consequences, as evident from geological records, justify their detailed study, and the development of rational strategies, which may minimize their threat to life and to the survival of the human race on this planet. In this chapter I shall concentrate on threats to life from increased levels of radiation and cosmic ray (CR) flux that reach the atmosphere as a result of (1) changes in solar luminosity, (2) changes in the solar environment owing to the motion of the sun around the Galactic centre and in particular, owing to its passage through the spiral arms of the Galaxy, (3) the oscillatory displacement of the solar system perpendicular to the Galactic plane, (4) solar activity, (5) Galactic SN explosions, (6) GRBs, and (7) cosmic ray bursts (CRBs). The credibility of various cosmic threats will be tested by examining whether such events could have caused some of the major mass extinctions that took place on planet Earth and were documented relatively well in the geological records of the past 500 million years (Myr). A credible claim of a global threat to life from a change in global irradiation must first demonstrate that the anticipated change is larger than the periodical changes in irradiation caused by the motions of the Earth, to which terrestrial life has adjusted itself. Most of the energy of the sun is radiated in the visible range. The atmosphere is highly transparent to this visible light but is very opaque to almost all other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum except radio waves, whose production by the sun is rather small.

scholarly journals Distribution Functions of Type III Electrons Observed in Interplanetary Space

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 311-313
Author(s):  
R. P. Lin ◽  
D. W. Potter ◽  
K. A. Anderson ◽  
J. Fainberg ◽  
R. G. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Energetic Particle ◽  
Solar Radio ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
Good Energy

We present simultaneous energetic electron and solar radio observations from the ISEE−3 spacecraft of several solar type III radio bursts. The UC Berkeley energetic particle experiment measures from 2 to ~ 103 keV with good energy and pitch angle resolution while the Meudon/GSFC radio experiment tracks type III radio bursts at 24 frequencies in the range 30 kHz—2 MHz.

scholarly journals Observations of interplanetary scintillation in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S294) ◽  
pp. 487-488
Author(s):  
Li-Jia Liu ◽  
Bo Peng
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Interplanetary Medium ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Solar Wind Speed ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Interplanetary Scintillation ◽  
The Earth

AbstractThe Sun affects the Earth in multiple ways. In particular, the material in interplanetary space comes from coronal expansion in the form of solar wind, which is the primary source of the interplanetary medium. Ground-based Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) observations are an important and effective method for measuring solar wind speed and the structures of small diameter radio sources. In this paper we will discuss the IPS observations in China.

scholarly journals Type III solar radio bursts in inhomogeneous interplanetary space observed by Geotail

Radio Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1701-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiya Kasahara ◽  
Hiroshi Matsumoto ◽  
Hirotsugu Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radio ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Solar Radio Bursts ◽  
Type Iii

scholarly journals The Speed and Acceleration of the Sources of Type III And Type V Solar Radio Bursts Over Large Distances in the Corona

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Active Region ◽  
Solar Radio ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Solar Radio Bursts ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Lower Corona ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
If Current ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type V

The outward velocity and acceleration through the solar corona of the disturbances responsible for the emission of 50 type III bursts recorded on the Dapto radio spectrograph are investigated by applying standard electron density models for the corona to the frequency drift of each burst. If current models for an active region are assumed, the velocities often remain unchanged from the lower corona out to heights of at least two solar radii above the photosphere. The mean velocity is about ie. Speeds of sources of type III bursts followed by type V continuum are similar to those for isolated type III bursts.

scholarly journals A criterion to discriminate between solar and cosmic ray forcing of the terrestrial climate

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 10811-10836 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fichtner ◽  
K. Scherer ◽  
B. Heber
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Test Particle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Particle Simulations ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Abstract. There is increasing evidence that there exist interstellar-terrestrial relations and that the heliosphere's effectivity to serve as a protecting shield for the Earth, specifically against cosmic rays, is varying in time. Nonetheless, a debate is going on whether, amongst other drivers, the Sun or the cosmic rays are influencing the terrestrial climate, particularly on periods of hundred years and shorter. As the modelling of the transport of cosmic rays in the heliosphere has evolved from pure test particle simulations to far more consistent treatments, one can explain various correlations within the framework of physical models and one can make quantitative predictions regarding terrestrial indicators of interstellar-terrestrial relations. This level of understanding and modelling allows to identify a criterion with which one can discriminate between solar and cosmic ray forcing on a period of several decades. We define such a criterion and discuss related existing observations.

scholarly journals Periodicities in an active region correlated with Type III radio bursts observed by Parker Solar Probe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Cattell ◽  
Lindsay Glesener ◽  
Benjamin Leiran ◽  
Keith Goetz ◽  
Juan Carlos Martínez Oliveros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Region ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Type Iii

scholarly journals A Case Study of Explosion a Single Solar Burst Type III and IV due to Active Region AR1890

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zety Sharizat Hamidi ◽  
M.B. Ibrahim ◽  
N.N.M. Shariff ◽  
C. Monstein
Keyword(s):  
Active Region ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Solar Burst ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Using Data

Using data from a BLEIN Callisto site, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of the synopsis formation and dynamics of a a single solar burst type III and IV event due to active region AR1890. This eruption has started since 14:15 UT with a formation of type III solar burst. To investigate the importance of the role of type III solar burst can potentially form a type IV solar burst, the literature review of both bursts is outlined in detailed. The orientation and position of AR1890 make the explosion of a class C-solar flare is not directly to the Earth. Nevertheless, it is clear that the interactions of others sunspots such as AR1893,AR1895,AR1896, AR1897 and AR1898 should be studied in detail to understand what makes the type III burst formed before the type IV solar burst.

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