Morphologically rich Urdu grammar parsing using Earley algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
QAISER ABBAS
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Context Free Grammar ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis work presents the development and evaluation of an extended Urdu parser. It further focuses on issues related to this parser and describes the changes made in the Earley algorithm to get accurate and relevant results from the Urdu parser. The parser makes use of a morphologically rich context free grammar extracted from a linguistically-rich Urdu treebank. This grammar with sufficient encoded information is comparable with the state-of-the-art parsing requirements for the morphologically rich Urdu language. The extended parsing model and the linguistically rich extracted-grammar both provide us better evaluation results in Urdu/Hindi parsing domain. The parser gives 87% of f-score, which outperforms the existing parsing work of Urdu/Hindi based on the tree-banking approach.

scholarly journals Knowledge Sources for Constituent Parsing of German, a Morphologically Rich and Less-Configurational Language

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Fraser ◽  
Helmut Schmid ◽  
Richárd Farkas ◽  
Renjing Wang ◽  
Hinrich Schütze
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Context Free Grammar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Probabilistic Context

We study constituent parsing of German, a morphologically rich and less-configurational language. We use a probabilistic context-free grammar treebank grammar that has been adapted to the morphologically rich properties of German by markovization and special features added to its productions. We evaluate the impact of adding lexical knowledge. Then we examine both monolingual and bilingual approaches to parse reranking. Our reranking parser is the new state of the art in constituency parsing of the TIGER Treebank. We perform an analysis, concluding with lessons learned, which apply to parsing other morphologically rich and less-configurational languages.

A Comprehensive Taxonomy of Dynamic Texture Representation

2023 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Thanh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Phuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Made In

Representing dynamic textures (DTs) plays an important role in many real implementations in the computer vision community. Due to the turbulent and non-directional motions of DTs along with the negative impacts of different factors (e.g., environmental changes, noise, illumination, etc.), efficiently analyzing DTs has raised considerable challenges for the state-of-the-art approaches. For 20 years, many different techniques have been introduced to handle the above well-known issues for enhancing the performance. Those methods have shown valuable contributions, but the problems have been incompletely dealt with, particularly recognizing DTs on large-scale datasets. In this article, we present a comprehensive taxonomy of DT representation in order to purposefully give a thorough overview of the existing methods along with overall evaluations of their obtained performances. Accordingly, we arrange the methods into six canonical categories. Each of them is then taken in a brief presentation of its principal methodology stream and various related variants. The effectiveness levels of the state-of-the-art methods are then investigated and thoroughly discussed with respect to quantitative and qualitative evaluations in classifying DTs on benchmark datasets. Finally, we point out several potential applications and the remaining challenges that should be addressed in further directions. In comparison with two existing shallow DT surveys (i.e., the first one is out of date as it was made in 2005, while the newer one (published in 2016) is an inadequate overview), we believe that our proposed comprehensive taxonomy not only provides a better view of DT representation for the target readers but also stimulates future research activities.

The Technique of Raman Spectroscopy: A State-of-the-Art Comparison to Infrared

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Sloane
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Made In

This paper in a tabulated summary format discusses the state-of-the-art of Raman spectroscopy for commercially available instrumentation. A comparison to infrared is made in terms of (I) instrumentation, (II) sample handling, and (III) applications. Although the two techniques yield similar and often complementary information, they are quite different from the point of view of instrumentation and sampling procedures. This leads to various advantages and disadvantages or limitations for each. These are discussed as well as the future outlook.

scholarly journals An Extended Commentary on Post-Publication Peer Review In Organizational Neuroscience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A Prochilo ◽  
Winnifred R Louis ◽  
Stefan Bode ◽  
Hannes Zacher ◽  
Pascal Molenberghs
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Explicit Reference ◽  
Major Review ◽  
Specific Concern ◽  
Made In

Note: this manuscript has been peer reviewed and is published in Meta-Psychology. Please cite as: Prochilo, G. A., Louis, W. R., Bode, S., Zacher, H., & Molenberghs, P. (2019). An Extended Commentary on Post-publication Peer Review in Organizational Neuroscience. Meta-Psychology, 3. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2018.935 | While considerable progress has been made in organizational neuroscience over the past decade, we argue that critical evaluations of published empirical works are not being conducted carefully and consistently. In this extended commentary we take as an example Waldman and colleagues (2017): a major review work that evaluates the state-of-the-art of organizational neuroscience. In what should be an evaluation of the field’s empirical work, the authors uncritically summarize a series of studies that: (1) provide insufficient transparency to be clearly understood, evaluated, or replicated, and/or (2) which misuse inferential tests that lead to misleading conclusions, among other concerns. These concerns have been ignored across multiple major reviews and citing articles. We therefore provide a post-publication review (in two parts) of one-third of all studies evaluated in Waldman and colleague’s major review work. In Part I, we systematically evaluate the field’s two seminal works with respect to their methods, analytic strategy, results, and interpretation of findings. And in Part II, we provide focused reviews of secondary works that each center on a specific concern we suggest should be a point of discussion as the field moves forward. In doing so, we identify a series of practices we recommend will improve the state of the literature. This includes: (1) evaluating the transparency and completeness of an empirical article before accepting its claims, (2) becoming familiar with common misuses or misconceptions of statistical testing, and (3) interpreting results with an explicit reference to effect size magnitude, precision, and accuracy, among other recommendations. We suggest that adopting these practices will motivate the development of a more replicable, reliable, and trustworthy field of organizational neuroscience moving forward.

ADVANCE PLANNING FOR DISPERSANT USE/NON-USE

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Advance Planning ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Guidelines are suggested for advance planning for the use or non-use of dispersants to combat oil spills. These guidelines are intended to expedite the decision to use dispersants in the event of an oil spill, where that will minimize environmental damage. These guidelines can be applied readily to any geographical area to answer the following questions: (1) Are there locations where dispersant application should normally be allowed? (2) In these locations, what rate of dispersant application should be allowed? (3) Are there locations where dispersant application should normally be avoided? The logic behind these guidelines is explained so that exceptions can be identified and so that changes in the guidelines can be made as advances are made in the state of the art. These guidelines provide for control over dispersant usage while allowing application (in most instances) at rates which can disperse floating oil effectively.

Special Article: Death Anxiety Research: The State of the Art

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Neimeyer
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Death Attitudes ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Made In

Despite forty years of research in death attitudes, our understanding of the causes, correlates, and consequences of death related anxieties and fears remains less than comprehensive. However, clear gains have been made in the measurement of death concerns and competencies, leading to the development and validation of a handful of scales whose more extensive use could improve the conceptual yield of research in this area. In this article, I review these promising approaches to the assessment of death attitudes, as well as a number of theoretical, methodological, and practical issues surrounding their use. If investigators devote equal attention to the quality and quantity of future research, there is reason to hope that psychology could make a more profound and systematic contribution to our understanding of the human encounter with death.

System reliability modelling: The current capability and potential future developments

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (12) ◽  
pp. 2881-2897 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Andrews
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Reliability Modelling ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Made In

This article describes the state-of-the-art methods available for systems reliability assessment. The significant contributions made to those methods in common use for the analysis of industrial systems are identified. The article reviews the developments in engineering systems that are likely to occur over the next decade that will challenge the current capability in this field and the potential advances that may result. A discussion is also provided of novel uses that will become possible due to the advances made in the assessment techniques over this period.

scholarly journals Automated Essay Scoring: A Survey of the State of the Art

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixuan Ke ◽  
Vincent Ng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Automated Essay Scoring ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Essay Scoring ◽  
Made In

Despite being investigated for over 50 years, the task of automated essay scoring is far from being solved. Nevertheless, it continues to draw a lot of attention in the natural language processing community in part because of its commercial and educational values as well as the associated research challenges. This paper presents an overview of the major milestones made in automated essay scoring research since its inception.

scholarly journals Learning Sentence Representation with Guidance of Human Attention

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaonan Wang ◽  
Jiajun Zhang ◽  
Chengqing Zong
Keyword(s):  
Reading Time ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
The State ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Human Attention ◽  
Made In

Recently, much progress has been made in learning general-purpose sentence representations that can be used across domains. However, most of the existing models typically treat each word in a sentence equally. In contrast, extensive studies have proven that human read sentences efficiently by making a sequence of fixation and saccades. This motivates us to improve sentence representations by assigning different weights to the vectors of the component words, which can be treated as an attention mechanism on single sentences. To that end, we propose two novel attention models, in which the attention weights are derived using significant predictors of human reading time, i.e., Surprisal, POS tags and CCG supertags. The extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods significantly improve upon the state-of-the-art sentence representation models.

scholarly journals Two new types of bridges: under-deck cable-stayed bridges and combined cable-stayed bridges — the state of the art

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Ruiz-Teran ◽  
A C Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges ◽  
Made In

At least 20 cable-stayed bridges have been built over the last 30 years that cannot be classified under existing typologies for cable-stayed bridges. These structures represent two new types of cable-stayed bridges that we herein define as "under-deck cable-stayed bridges" and "combined cable-stayed bridges." The evolution of these new bridge types is explored through consideration of the different proposals and structures that have been built throughout this period, pointing out the innovations made in each of them. In this paper we propose a new classification system for bridges prestressed by means of tendons into which these two new bridge types will fit. Studies that have been made of these structural types are also highlighted. On the basis of the aforementioned, we describe the state-of-the-art for these structural types, compiling and cataloguing information, documents, and knowledge that were previously highly dispersed. Lastly, we make a critical analysis of the current situation and draw some key conclusions.Key words: under-deck cable-staying, combined cable-staying, cable-stayed bridges, extradosed prestressing, intradosed prestressing, prestressing.

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