scholarly journals CHANGES TO AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS AND DYSFUNCTIONAL ATTITUDES IN GROUP CBT FOR DEPRESSION

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Furlong ◽  
Tian P. S. Oei
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cumulative Change ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Cbt

The present study sought to clarify the role of cognitive change in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) by examining the relationship between depression outcome and changes to automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes at different points of therapy. Thirty patients suffering from Major Depression (MDD) or Dysthymia attended the 12 sessions of a group CBT program. Multiple regressions found total scores on the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) and cumulative change scores on the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) to predict scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at later stages of therapy, though neither form of cognition was predictive from earlier stages of therapy. Only scores on the ATQ were significantly related to both cognitive and somatic subscales of the BDI, indicating that automatic thoughts are more directly related to cognitive change than dysfunctional attitudes. Overall findings suggest that significant reductions in both automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes are related to non-clinical levels of depressive symptoms at the end of the treatment.

Cognitive change in cognitive-behavioural therapy v. pharmacotherapy for adult depression: a longitudinal mediation analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2626-2634
Author(s):  
Leanne Quigley ◽  
David J. A. Dozois ◽  
R. Michael Bagby ◽  
Daniela S. S. Lobo ◽  
Lakshmi Ravindran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Change ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Cognitive Mediation ◽  
Adult Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a well-established treatment for adult depression, its efficacy and efficiency may be enhanced by better understanding its mechanism(s) of action. According to the theoretical model of CBT, symptom improvement occurs via reductions in maladaptive cognition. However, previous research has not established clear evidence for this cognitive mediation model.MethodsThe present study investigated the cognitive mediation model of CBT in the context of a randomized controlled trial of CBT v. antidepressant medication (ADM) for adult depression. Participants with major depressive disorder were randomized to receive 16 weeks of CBT (n = 54) or ADM (n = 50). Depression symptoms and three candidate cognitive mediators (dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive distortions and negative automatic thoughts) were assessed at week 0 (pre-treatment), week 4, week 8 and week 16 (post-treatment). Longitudinal associations between cognition and depression symptoms, and mediation of treatment outcome, were evaluated in structural equation models.ResultsBoth CBT and ADM produced significant reductions in maladaptive cognition and depression symptoms. Cognitive content and depression symptoms were moderately correlated within measurement waves, but cross-lagged associations between the variables and indirect (i.e. mediated) treatment effects were non-significant.ConclusionsThe results provide support for concurrent relationships between cognitive and symptom change, but not the longitudinal relationships hypothesized by the cognitive mediation model. Results may be indicative of an incongruence between the timing of measurement and the dynamics of cognitive and symptom change.

Pre-Existing Antidepressant Medication and the Outcome of Group Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian P. S. Oei ◽  
Alice E. O. Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Cbt

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-existing medication on the outcome of group cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in the treatment of patients with depression. Method: Of the 71 patients diagnosed with major depression who participated in group CBT, 25 were on medication (CBT-M) and 46 were unmedicated (CBT). The patients received 12 sessions of group CBT over a 3-month period. The dependent measures used were the Beck Depression Inventory, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, Hopelessness Scale, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Daily Activity Rating Scale and Daily Mood Rating Scale. Results: Both the CBT and CBT-M groups showed statistically significant improvement in depression scores and cognitive process measures. However, the rate of improvement for both groups on these measures did not differ. Conclusion: The study indicated that pre-existing antidepressant medication did not enhance or detract from the positive treatment outcome of depressed patients receiving a group CBT treatment.

Does intolerance of uncertainty mediate improvement in anger during group CBT for GAD? A preliminary investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-593
Author(s):  
Judith M. Laposa ◽  
Katie Fracalanza
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Treatment Improvement ◽  
Group Cbt

AbstractBackground:Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have elevated intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and anger, and IU mediates the relationship between GAD symptoms and anger.Aims:The current pilot study examined whether group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) improves anger in people with GAD, and the degree to which change in IU mediates improved anger.Method:Individuals diagnosed with GAD completed measures of worry, IU, and facets of anger, before and at the end of group CBT for GAD.Results:Worry, IU, and internally felt and outwardly expressed anger, reduced significantly over treatment, but anger control (inwardly and outwardly) did not. CBT for GAD led to improvement in both internally felt and outwardly expressed anger, even though anger is not directly targeted in this treatment. Improvement in IU significantly mediated improvement in internally felt and outwardly expressed anger.Conclusions:This preliminary study contributes to the literature on the importance of IU in understanding worry and other symptoms such as elevated anger, experienced by people with excessive worry.

scholarly journals The role of dysfunctional attitudes in depressive mood and the mediation effect of "hot" evaluative cognitions

Psihologija ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Maric
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Previous research has found dysfunctional attitudes to be elevated in persons with elevated depressed mood, and a facet of dysfunctional attitudes referred to as Approval by Others has been a significant predictor of severity of depressed mood. The present study evaluated relations between Approval by Others and depression and examined the role of dysfunctional evaluative cognitions over life problems and hassles as a mediator of this relationship among 100 undergraduates. Approval By Others facet was found to be a significant predictor of severity of depressed mood. However, further analysis provided strong evidence that the effect of this dysfunctional attitudes facet is mediated by evaluative cognitions over life problems and hassles. Results are discussed in the context of previous research and cognitive behavioural therapy practice.

scholarly journals The role of psychological inflexibility in Beck’s cognitive model of depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Ruizq ◽  
Paula Odriozola-González
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Negative Automatic Thoughts ◽  
The Relationship

Beck’s cognitive model of depression proposes that depressogenic schemas have an effect on depressive symptoms by increasing the frequency of negative automatic thoughts in response to negative life events. We aimed to test a moderated, serial mediation model where psychological inflexibility, a core concept of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) model of psychopathology, both mediates and moderates the relationship between depressogenic schemas and the frequency of negative automatic thoughts. A cross-sectional design was used in which 210 undergraduates responded to questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest. Results supported the proposed moderated mediation model. Both psychological inflexibility and negative automatic thoughts were significant mediators of the relationship between depressogenic schemas and depressive symptoms, and psychological inflexibility also moderated the effect of depressogenic schemas on negative automatic thoughts. We conclude that the role of psychological inflexibility in the cognitive model of depression deserves more attention.

Group rumination-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) v. group CBT for depression: phase II trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Hvenegaard ◽  
Stine B. Moeller ◽  
Stig Poulsen ◽  
Matthias Gondan ◽  
Ben Grafton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Group Cbt

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression, less than half of patients achieve satisfactory symptom reduction during treatment. Targeting known psychopathological processes such as rumination may increase treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to test whether adding group rumination-focused CBT (RFCBT) that explicitly targets rumination to routine medical management is superior to adding group CBT to routine medical management in treating major depression.MethodsA total of 131 outpatients with major depression were randomly allocated to 12 sessions group RFCBT v. group CBT, each in addition to routine medical management. The primary outcome was observer-rated symptoms of depression at the end of treatment measured on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Secondary outcomes were rumination at post-treatment and depressive symptoms at 6 months follow-up (Trial registered: NCT02278224).ResultsRFCBT significantly improved observer-rated depressive symptoms (Cohen's d 0.38; 95% CI 0.03–0.73) relative to group CBT at post-treatment on the primary outcome. No post-treatment differences were found in rumination or in depressive symptoms at 6 months follow-up, although these secondary analyses may have been underpowered.ConclusionsThis is the first randomized controlled trial providing evidence of benefits of RFCBT in major depression compared with CBT. Group RFCBT may be a beneficial alternative to group CBT for major depression.

Face-to-face versus Video Teleconference Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Anxiety and Related Disorders: A Preliminary Comparison: Thérapie cognitivo-comportementale de groupe en personne contre par vidéo téléconférence pour l’anxiété et les troubles connexes: une comparaison préliminaire

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372110273
Author(s):  
Irena Milosevic ◽  
Duncan H. Cameron ◽  
Melissa Milanovic ◽  
Randi E. McCabe ◽  
Karen Rowa
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Group Cbt ◽  
Delivery Formats

Objective: Telehealth is being increasingly incorporated into the delivery of mental health care and has received widespread attention during the COVID-19 pandemic for its ability to facilitate care during physical distancing restrictions. Videoconferencing is a common telehealth modality for delivering psychotherapy and has demonstrated similar outcomes to those of face-to-face therapy. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the most common psychotherapy evaluated across various telehealth modalities; however, studies on CBT delivered via videoconference, particularly in a group therapy format, are lacking. Further, little research exists on videoconference group CBT for anxiety disorders. Accordingly, the present study compared the outcomes of group CBT for anxiety and related disorders delivered via videoconference versus face-to-face. Method: Using a non-randomized design, data on attendance, dropout, clinical outcomes, and functional impairment were collected from 413 adult outpatients of a tertiary care anxiety disorders clinic who attended a CBT group for panic disorder/agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or obsessive-compulsive disorder delivered either face-to-face (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) or via videoconference (since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic). Outcomes were assessed using well-validated self-report measures. Data were collected pre-treatment, across 12 weekly sessions, and post-treatment. Intent-to-treat analyses were applied to symptom outcome measures. Results: Face-to-face CBT conferred only a slight benefit over videoconference CBT for symptom outcomes across all groups, but when assessed individually, only the GAD group showed greater symptom improvement in the face-to-face format. Effect sizes for significant differences between the delivery formats were small. Participants in videoconference groups tended to have slightly higher attendance rates in some instances, whereas functional improvement and treatment dropout were comparable across the delivery formats. Conclusions: Results provide preliminary evidence that videoconference group CBT for anxiety and related disorders may be a promising and effective alternative to face-to-face CBT. Additional research is needed to establish equivalence between these delivery formats.

Pain intensity and physical performance among individuals with fibromyalgia in mid-to-late life: The influence of depressive symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110092
Author(s):  
Dylan G Serpas ◽  
Laura Zettel-Watson ◽  
Barbara J Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
6 Minute Walk Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minute Walk

This study investigated the mediating role of depressive symptoms among 147 middle-aged and older adults with FM in the relationship between pain intensity and 4 objective measures of physical performance: Fullerton Advanced Balance scale (FAB), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), 30-Second Chair Stand (30SCS), and 8-Foot Up and Go Test (8FUPGT). Asymptotic mediation analyses revealed that depressive symptoms fully mediated the relationship between pain intensity and FAB (95% CI [−0.40, −0.10]) and 8FUPGT (CI [0.02, 0.11]) and partially mediated the relationship to 6MWT (CI [−9.15, −2.20]) and 30SCS (CI [−0.29, −0.06]). Findings support the evaluation of co-morbid depression in FM.

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