Self-concept, post-traumatic self-appraisals and post-traumatic psychological adjustment: what are the relationships?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-480
Author(s):  
Alberta Engelbrecht ◽  
Laura Jobson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Asian Group ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ought Self

AbstractBackground:Cognitive models of post-traumatic psychological adjustment have implicated both self-concept and self-appraisals in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Two studies investigated the relationship between self-concept and trauma-related self-appraisals, and whether culture influenced this relationship.Method:In Study 1, a student sample (Asian n = 41, British n = 34) who self-identified as having been through a trauma or extremely stressful event completed measures of self-concept, trauma-related self-appraisals and trauma-related distress. Study 2 extended this by asking Asian (n = 47) and British (n = 48) trauma survivors with and without PTSD to complete the same self measures as those administered in Study 1.Results:Study 1 found that overall for the British group, disruptions in self-concept (i.e. self-discrepancies and trauma-themed self-concept) correlated significantly with negative self, world and self-blame appraisals and depression. However, the same was not found in the Asian group. Study 2 found that pan-culturally those with PTSD had greater self-discrepancies and trauma-defined self-concept than those without PTSD. Additionally, pan-culturally, trauma-defined self-concept correlated significantly with negative self appraisals and depression; ideal self-discrepancies correlated significantly with negative self-appraisals across cultures and depression for the British group; while ought self-discrepancies correlated significantly with negative world appraisals for the Asian group and negative self and self-blame appraisals for the British. Lastly, negative self, world and self-blame appraisals correlated with symptoms of depression.Conclusions:Taken together, the findings relay the important associations between appraisals, self-concept and post-traumatic psychological adjustment.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress disorder among persons with HIV who engage in heavy alcohol consumption in southwestern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Kekibiina ◽  
Julian Adong ◽  
Robin Fatch ◽  
Nneka I. Emenyonu ◽  
Kara Marson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background We aimed to describe the prevalence of PTSD symptoms and its associated factors in persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Uganda who engage in heavy alcohol use. Methods We analyzed baseline data from the Drinkers Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study which enrolls PLWH with latent tuberculosis who engage in heavy alcohol consumption. Using the primary care Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) screening scale from the DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5), probable PTSD was defined as reporting ≥3 of 5 assessed symptoms. We conducted the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption and assessed demographics, smoking, symptoms of depression, and spirituality/religiosity. Results Of 421 participants enrolled from 2018 through 2020, the majority (68.2%) were male, median age was 40 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 32–47), and median AUDIT-C score was 6 [IQR: 4–8]. Half (50.1%) of the participants reported ever experiencing a traumatic event, and 20.7% reported ≥3 symptoms of PTSD. The most commonly reported PTSD symptoms in the past 1 month in the entire sample were avoidance (28.3%), nightmares (27.3%), and being constantly on guard (21.6%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, level of alcohol use was not associated with probable PTSD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for each AUDIT-C point: (1.02; 95% CI: 0.92–1.14; p = 0.69); however, lifetime smoking (AOR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.10–3.24) and reporting symptoms of depression (AOR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.04–3.44) were independently associated with probable PTSD. Conclusions and recommendations A history of traumatic events and probable PTSD were frequently reported among persons who engage in heavy drinking, living with HIV in Uganda. Level of alcohol use was not associated with probable PTSD in this sample of PLWH with heavy alcohol use, however other behavioral and mental health factors were associated with probable PTSD. These data highlight the high prevalence of PTSD in this group, and the need for screening and interventions for PTSD and mental health problems.

Computer-Based Perspective Broadening Support for Appraisal Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-108
Author(s):  
Ursula M. Beer ◽  
Mark A. Neerincx ◽  
Nexhmedin Morina ◽  
Willem-Paul Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Multiple Outcome ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Effect Of The Support

Post-traumatic stress affects millions of people worldwide. Appraisal training is an intervention that has been used to decrease the negative effects of a traumatic event. In two studies, the acceptance and effects of technology in supporting appraisal was studied. Study 1, a descriptive study, examined the response to and acceptance of a workshop on perspective broadening with technological support among soldiers and firefighters. Results revealed that both groups evaluated the training as useful and feasible, and both favoured the full version of the tool. Study 2 investigated the effect of the support tool among a student sample in comparison to the paper-based training. Participants followed the training individually. Comparisons between the two groups revealed no significant differences on multiple outcome measures. Behaviour observed during the training suggests that shorter sessions might prove more effective. The findings indicate acceptance of the technology supported training but gives no indication that the effects of the training are improved by technological support.

scholarly journals The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms of pregnant and non-pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Zhou ◽  
Hui Shi ◽  
Zhengkui Liu ◽  
Songxu Peng ◽  
Ruoxi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading worldwide, with a staggering number of cases and deaths. However, available data on the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on pregnant women are limited. The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms among pregnant women, and to compare them with non-pregnant women. From February 28 to March 12, 2020, a cross-sectional study of pregnant and non-pregnant women was performed in China. The online questionnaire was used to collect information of participants. The mental health status was assessed by patient health questionnaire, generalized anxiety disorder scale, insomnia severity index, somatization subscale of the symptom checklist 90, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist-5. Totally, 859 respondents were enrolled, including 544 pregnant women and 315 non-pregnant women. In this study, 5.3%, 6.8%, 2.4%, 2.6%, and 0.9% of pregnant women were identified to have symptoms of depression, anxiety, physical discomfort, insomnia, and PTSD, respectively. However, the corresponding prevalence rates among non-pregnant women were 17.5%, 17.5%, 2.5%, 5.4%, 5.7%, respectively. After adjusting for other covariates, we observed that pregnancy was associated a reduced risk of symptoms of depression (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.12–0.45), anxiety (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.16–0.42), insomnia (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06–0.58), and PTSD (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04–0.53) during the COVID-19 epidemic. Our results indicate that during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, pregnant women have an advantage of facing mental problems caused by COVID-19, showing fewer depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms than non-pregnant women.

scholarly journals The physician’s Achilles heel—surviving an adverse event

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Stukalin ◽  
B. C. Lethebe ◽  
W. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background Of hospitalized patients in Canada, 7.5% experience an adverse event (ae). Physicians whose patients experience aes often become second victims of the incident. The present study is the first to evaluate how physicians in Canada cope with aes occurring in their patients.Methods Survey participants included oncologists, surgeons, and trainees at the Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB. The surveys were administered through REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture, version 9.0: REDCap Consortium, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, U.S.A.). The Brief cope (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) Inventory, the ies-r (Impact of Event Scale–Revised), the Causal Dimension Scale, and the Institutional Punitive Response scale were used to evaluate coping strategies, prevalence of post-traumatic stress, and institutional culture with respect to aes.Results Of 51 responses used for the analysis, 30 (58.8%) came from surgeons and 21 (41.2%) came from medical specialists. On the ies-r, 54.9% of respondents scored 24 or higher, which has been correlated with clinically concerning post-traumatic stress. Individuals with a score of 24 or higher were more likely to report self-blame (p = 0.00026) and venting (p = 0.042). Physicians who perceive institutional support to be poor reported significant post-traumatic stress (p = 0.023). On multivariable logistic regression modelling, self-blame was associated with an ies-r score of 24 or higher (p = 0.0031). No significant differences in ies-r scores of 24 or higher were observed between surgeons and non-surgeons (p = 0.15). The implications of aes for physicians, patients, and the health care system are enormous. More than 50% of our respondents showed emotional pathology related to an ae. Higher levels of self-blame, venting, and perception of inadequate institutional support were factors predicting increased post-traumatic stress after a patient ae.Conclusions Our study identifies a desperate need to establish effective institutional supports to help health care professionals recognize and deal with the emotional toll resulting from aes.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Professional Burnout among Residents During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Situational and Psychological Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-47
Author(s):  
A.B. Kholmogorova ◽  
A.A. Rakhmanina ◽  
A.Y. Suroegina ◽  
O.Y. Mikita ◽  
S.S. Petrikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Professional Burnout ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Ptsd Checklist ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Second Wave

The paper presents the results of a study of the level and factors of mental malad- justment and professional burnout of medical residents undergoing training at the Training Center of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 110 first and second year residents (30 men and 80 women; mean age — 25.1±2.32), both working in the COVID-19 “red zone” and helping other patients. The follow- ing methods were used to assess symptoms and factors of mental maladjustment and professional burnout: Beck Depression and Anxiety Scales (Beck et al., 1988; 1996), Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), PTSD Checklist for DSM 5 (PSL-5; Weathers et al., 2013) Distress Thermometer (Holland, Bultz, 2007), UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1978) Three-Factor Perfectionism Inventory (Garanyan et al., 2018) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Taylor et al., 2003). According to the data, 43% of young doctors noted symptoms of depression of moderate and high severity, suicidal thoughts were present in 10%, symptoms of heightened anxiety in 30%, and more than a half (55%) had critically high rates of symptoms of post-traumatic stress. About a quarter of the respondents showed high rates of general distress (24%) and professional burnout in all three of its as- pects (emotional exhaustion — 21%, depersonalization — 23%, and personal ac- complishment — 22%). Most residents associated distress with difficulties in com- bining work and study and fear for the quality of education during the pandemic. Social support was noted as a factor in coping with stress. A series of regression analyzes showed the importance of the contribution of the experience of loneli- ness, as well as high rates of perfectionism and alexithymia, to mental distress and professional burnout of residents.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress and Its Predictors Among Hospital Admitted COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renjith R. Pillai ◽  
Abhishek Ghosh ◽  
Sumit Shrivasthava ◽  
Sanuj Muralidharan ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Posttraumatic Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Time Of Admission

Abstract Objective Limited evidence is available on the psychological distress among patients hospitalized with COVID -19. We assessed (a) the incidence of psychological distress, posttraumatic symptoms and substance use among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, (b) perceived stress, coping, and social support experienced by distressed and non-distressed patients and the predictors of psychological distress. Method Ours was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in a Union Territory of India. Patients were assessed (August – September, 2020) at the time of admission (within two days) with standardized instruments (N=250). Results More than 19 percent of respondents had experienced significant psychological distress (probable cases) and nearly 9% reported post traumatic stress symptoms. The cases and non-cases differ in terms of active coping (5.51±0.87 v/s 5.06±1.06; t=3.10, p<0.01), emotional support (5.21±0.87 v/s 4.86±0.79; t=2.57, p<0.01), behavioural disengagement (5.18±0.92 v/s 4.55±1.15; t=3.56, p<0.001), venting (5.42±0.96 v/s 4.80±1.24; t=3.30, p<0.01), acceptance (5.75±1.24 v/s 5.29±1.50; t=2.23, p<0.05), religion (5.43±1.41 v/s 6.06±1.46; t=-2.76, p<0.01) and self-blame (5.65±1.00 v/s 4.82±1.39; t=3.95, p<0.001). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress (OR: 2.058; 95% CI: 1.49-2.84) was the only significant predictor of the psychological distress. Conclusions Nearly one in five hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience psychological distress. Screening and treatment for trauma and psychological distress should be made an integral component of care for patients with COVID-19

scholarly journals MO833PSYCHOLOGICAL REPERCUSSIONS OF THE LOCKDOWN AND THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS IN FRANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Prezelin-Reydit ◽  
Abdallah Guerraoui ◽  
Thibault Dolley-Hitze ◽  
Benoît Vendrely ◽  
François Chantrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
To Come

Abstract Background and Aims The health crisis linked to the COVID-19 epidemic has required lockdown measures in France and changes in practices in dialysis centers. The objective was to assess the depressive and anxiety symptoms during lockdown in hemodialysis patients and their caregivers, to assess their coping strategies during this period and to assess the symptoms of depression, anxiety and post traumatic stress beyond confinement. Method We sent, during lockdown period, between April and May 2020, self-questionnaires to voluntary subjects (patients and caregivers), treated by hemodialysis or who worked in hemodialysis in one of the 14 participating centers in France. We analyzed their perception of dialysis sessions (beneficial or worrying), their stress level (VAS rated from 0 to 10), their anxiety and depressive symptoms (HADS). Factors associated with stress, anxiety and depression were analyzed with multiple logistic regression models. We will look for associations between coping strategies, participant characteristics and symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression using chi-square tests. A second questionnaire was sent out in October to collect symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress beyond confinement. Symptoms will be described and factors associated with stress, anxiety and depression will be analyzed with multiple logistic regression models. Results 669 patients and 325 caregivers agreed to participate. 70% of participants found it beneficial to come to dialysis during confinement. The proportions of subjects with a stress level ≥ 6 linked to the epidemic, confinement, fear of contracting COVID-19 and fear of infecting a loved one were respectively 23.9%, 26.2%, 33.4% and 42%. 39.2% presented with certain (13.7%) or doubtful (19.2%) anxious symptoms. 21.2% presented a certain (7.9%) or doubtful (13.3%) depressive symptomatology. Age, gender, history of psychological disorders and perception of dialysis sessions were associated with levels of stress, anxiety and depression. 685 subjects participated in the second part of the study (68.9% of the participants of the first part). Analyzes of this data are in progress. Conclusion During the lockdown period, in France, the majority of hemodialysis patients and caregivers found it beneficial to come to dialysis. One in 3 subjects had anxiety symptoms and one in 5 subjects had depressive symptoms. It will be interesting to investigate if there was an association between the coping strategies implemented by the participants and their level of stress, anxiety and depression during confinement and to analyze the evolution of the anxiety-depressive symptoms over time.

scholarly journals Factors Related To Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Shelter-Based Abused Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene E. Jonker ◽  
Danielle A. M. Lako ◽  
Mariëlle D. Beijersbergen ◽  
Marit Sijbrandij ◽  
Albert M. van Hemert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic

In this study, linear mixed-effects regression analyses were used to examine whether sociodemographic variables, abuse-related variables, and well-being variables were associated with symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in abused women residing in shelters. Results pointed out that symptoms of depression severity were positively associated with migration background and the experience of physical abuse and negatively associated with self-esteem and social support. PTSD symptoms were positively associated with the experience of sexual abuse and negatively associated with self-esteem. Within women’s shelters, staff could be sensitive to improving the social integration of women, especially those with a non-Dutch background, and strengthening the women’s social networks and their self-esteem.

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