Ischemic stroke and depression

Previous studies of depression after stroke have reported widely variable findings, possibly due to differences between studies in patient characteristics and methods for the assessment of depression, small sample sizes, and the failure to examine stroke-free reference groups to determine the base rate of depression in the general population. In an effort to address certain of those methodologic issues and further investigate the frequency and clinical determinants of depression after stroke, we administered the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (SIGH–D) and neurological, neuropsychological, and functional assessments to 421 patients (age = 71.5 ± 8.0 years) 3 months after ischemic stroke and 249 stroke-free control subjects (age = 70.8 ± 6.7 years). We required a SIGH–D total score > 11 for the identification of depression. We found that depression was less frequent (47/421 patients, or 11.2%, and 13/249 control subjects, or 5.2%), less severe, and less persistent in our stroke cohort than previously reported, possibly due to the underrepresentation of patients with a premorbid history of affective illness. Depression was associated with more severe stroke, particularly in vascular territories that supply limbic structures; dementia; and female sex. SIGH–D item analyses suggested that a reliance on nonsomatic rather than somatic symptoms would result in the most accurate diagnoses of depression after ischemic stroke. (JINS, 2003, 9, 429–439.)

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Ischemic stroke and depression

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.379-b ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 379-379

Author(s):

David W Desmond ◽

Robert H Remien ◽

Joan T Moroney ◽

Yaakov Stern ◽

Mary Sano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Depressed Mood ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Interview Guide ◽

Significant Depression ◽

History Of ◽

Clinically Significant

P219 Objective: To investigate the frequency and clinical determinants of depression after ischemic stroke. Methods: We administered the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (SIGH-D) and neurological, neuropsychological, and functional assessments to 421 patients (age = 71.5 ± 8.0 years) three months after ischemic stroke and 249 stroke-free control subjects. We required a SIGH-D total score > 11 for the identification of clinically significant depression. Results: We identified clinically significant depression in 47 of the 421 patients (11.2%) and 13 of the 249 control subjects (5.2%), yielding an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.3) for depression associated with stroke. Logistic regression suggested that depression was independently associated with dementia (OR, 3.2), a major hemispheral stroke syndrome (OR, 1.7), infarcts in the anterior and posterior cerebral artery territories vs. infarcts in other vascular territories (OR, 1.6), and female sex (OR, 1.7). When present, depression tended to be mild and typically remitted in follow-up examinations. Somatic SIGH-D items but not depressed mood best distinguished stroke patients from control subjects and demented from nondemented stroke patients. Conclusions: Depression was less frequent, less severe, and less persistent in our stroke cohort than previously reported, possibly due to the underrepresentation of patients with a premorbid history of affective illness. It was associated with more severe stroke, particularly in vascular territories that supply limbic structures, and it was more frequent among patients with dementia and women. Somatic symptoms but not depressed mood best distinguished stroke patients from control subjects and demented from nondemented stroke patients, however, suggesting that stroke is more likely to be associated with a “pseudo-depression of dementia” than a “pseudo-dementia of depression.”

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Candida infective endocarditis: A retrospective study of patient characteristics and risk factors for death in 703 U.S. cases, 2015-2019

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa628 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan P Huggins ◽

Samuel Hohmann ◽

Michael Z David

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Liver Failure ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Medication Administration ◽

Small Sample ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Opiate Abuse ◽

Small Sample Sizes ◽

Valve Pathology

Abstract Background Candida endocarditis is a rare, sometimes fatal complication of candidemia. Past investigations of this condition are limited by small sample sizes. We used the Vizient clinical database to report on characteristics of patients with Candida endocarditis and to examine risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 703 inpatients admitted to 179 United States hospitals between October 2015 and April 2019. We reviewed demographic, diagnostic, medication administration, and procedural data from each patient’s initial encounter. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality. Results Of 703 patients, 114 (16.2%) died during the index encounter. One hundred and fifty-eight (22.5%) underwent an intervention on a cardiac valve. On multivariate analysis, acute and subacute liver failure was the strongest predictor of death (OR 9.2, 95% CI 4.8 –17.7). Female sex (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 – 3.0), transfer from an outside medical facility (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 – 2.8), aortic valve pathology (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5 – 4.9), hemodialysis (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 – 4.0), cerebrovascular disease (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2 – 3.8), neutropenia (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3 – 4.8), and alcohol abuse (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3 – 6.7) were also associated with death on adjusted analysis, whereas opiate abuse was associated with a lower odds of death (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2 – 0.9). Conclusions We found that the inpatient mortality rate was 16.2% among patients with Candida endocarditis. Acute and subacute liver failure was associated with a high risk of death while opiate abuse was associated with a lower risk of death.

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Collaboration and Open Science Initiatives in Primate Research

10.31219/osf.io/7c93a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

ManyPrimates ◽

Alba Motes Rodrigo ◽

Charlotte Canteloup ◽

Sonja J. Ebel ◽

Christopher I Petkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Large Scale ◽

Open Science ◽

Small Sample ◽

Primate Research ◽

Research Model ◽

Primate Cognition ◽

History Of ◽

Small Sample Sizes ◽

Successful Collaboration

Traditionally, primate cognition research has been conducted by independent teams on small populations of a few species. Such limited variation and small sample sizes pose problems that prevent us from reconstructing the evolutionary history of primate cognition. In this chapter, we discuss how large-scale collaboration, a research model successfully implemented in other fields, makes it possible to obtain the large and diverse datasets needed to conduct robust comparative analysis of primate cognitive abilities. We discuss the advantages and challenges of large-scale collaborations and argue for the need for more open science practices in the field. We describe these collaborative projects in psychology and primatology and introduce ManyPrimates as the first, successful collaboration that has established an infrastructure for large-scale, inclusive research in primate cognition. Considering examples of large-scale collaborations both in primatology and psychology, we conclude that this type of research model is feasible and has the potential to address otherwise unattainable questions in primate cognition.

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What Determinants Are Needed to Hookah Smoking Control: a Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-418050/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sakineh Dadipoor ◽

Ali Heyrani ◽

Mehdi mirzaei-Alavijeh ◽

Teamur Aghamolaei ◽

Mohtasham Ghaffari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Political Factors ◽

Interview Guide ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Hookah Smoking ◽

History Of ◽

Organizational Determinants ◽

Smoking Control ◽

Bandar Abbas

Abstract Background: There is evidence that HS is correlated with severe diseases. The present research aims to explore the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control in Bandar Abbas city in the south of Iran.Method: This study is the first qualitative conventional content analysis of the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control between 2018 and 2019. The participants were 62 in number (21 women with a history of failed cessation, 20 with successful cessation and 21 experts in tobacco consumption control) were selected purposively to take part in a semi-structured interview. An interview guide was followed and the interviews continued until data saturation. The interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. MAXQDA 10.0 was used for data analysis.Results: The participants. Overall, 5 main themes were extracted: Employing trusted influentials to address HS, Controlling HS by alternative services, Changing beliefs and attitudes toward HS, Executing administrative and regulatory measures, Facilitating HS cessation.Conclusion: The results revealed that the key determinants of controlling hookah smoking are wide and varied. They are also multi-dimensional and include different environmental, social and political factors. Controlling hookah smoking can be only effective when all individual, inter-individual, social, political and organizational determinants are considered.

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Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t67131-000 ◽

1988 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Janet B. Williams

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Interview Guide ◽

Hamilton Rating Scale

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Development and reliability of a structured interview guide for the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (SIGMA)

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.106.032532 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 192 (1) ◽

pp. 52-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 176

Author(s):

Janet B. W. Williams ◽

Kenneth A. Kobak

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Treatment Efficacy ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Rating Scale ◽

High Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Interview Guide ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Improve Reliability

BackgroundThe Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is often used in clinical trials to select patients and to assess treatment efficacy. The scale was originally published without suggested questions for clinicians to use in gathering the information necessary to rate the items. Structured and semi-structured interview guides have been found to improve reliability with other scales.AimsTo describe the development and test-retest reliability of a structured interview guide for the MADRS (SIGMA).MethodA total of 162 test-retest interviews were conducted by 81 rater pairs. Each patient was interviewed twice, once by each rater conducting an independent interview.ResultsThe intraclass correlation for total score between raters using the SIGMA was r = 0.93, P < 0.0001. All ten items had good to excellent interrater reliability.ConclusionsUse of the SIGMA can result in high reliability of MADRS scores in evaluating patients with depression.

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A review of the Usambara forest snake Geodipsas vauerocegae and the Uluguru forest snake G. procterae

Amphibia-Reptilia ◽

10.1163/156853895x00307 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 123-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mogens Andersen ◽

Kim M. Howell ◽

Jens B. Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Small Sample ◽

Sample Sizes ◽

Geographical Differences ◽

Udzungwa Mountains ◽

Uluguru Mountains ◽

History Of ◽

Small Sample Sizes

AbstractVariation in external and internal characters of the endemic Tanzanian species Geodipsas vauerocegae and G. procterae have been examined. On the basis of the small sample sizes, no significant geographical differences can be demonstrated. Three recently collected specimens from the Udzungwa Mountains, however, seem to have slightly lower numbers of ventrals than those from the Uluguru Mountains. All available knowledge on the natural history of the species has been summarized.

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Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study from the GETAID

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

10.1093/ibd/izab249 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Reenaers ◽

Arnaud de Roover ◽

Laurent Kohnen ◽

Maria Nachury ◽

Marion Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Small Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

History Of ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Small Sample Sizes

Abstract Background The prevalence of obesity and the number of bariatric surgeries in both the general population and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased significantly in recent years. Due to small sample sizes and the lack of adequate controls, no definite conclusions can be drawn from the available studies on the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery (BS) in patients with IBD. Our aim was to assess safety, weight loss, and deficiencies in patients with IBD and obesity who underwent BS and compare findings to a control group. Methods Patients with IBD and a history of BS were retrospectively recruited to centers belonging to the Groupe d’Etude Thérapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID). Patients were matched 1:2 for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hospital of surgery, and type of BS with non-IBD patients who underwent BS. Complications, rehospitalizations, weight, and deficiencies after BS were collected in cases and controls. Results We included 88 procedures in 85 patients (64 Crohn’s disease, 20 ulcerative colitis, 1 unclassified IBD) with a mean BMI of 41.6 ± 5.9 kg/m2. Bariatric surgery included Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 3), sleeve gastrectomy (n = 73), and gastric banding (n = 12). Eight (9%) complications were reported, including 4 (5%) requiring surgery. At a mean follow-up of 34 months, mean weight was 88.6 ± 22.4 kg. No difference was observed between cases and controls for postoperative complications (P = .31), proportion of weight loss (P = .27), or postoperative deficiencies (P = .99). Conclusions Bariatric surgery is a safe and effective procedure in patients with IBD and obesity; outcomes in this patient group were similar to those observed in a control population.

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