scholarly journals What Determinants Are Needed to Hookah Smoking Control: a Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Dadipoor ◽  
Ali Heyrani ◽  
Mehdi mirzaei-Alavijeh ◽  
Teamur Aghamolaei ◽  
Mohtasham Ghaffari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Hookah Smoking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organizational Determinants ◽  
Smoking Control ◽  
Bandar Abbas

Abstract Background: There is evidence that HS is correlated with severe diseases. The present research aims to explore the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control in Bandar Abbas city in the south of Iran.Method: This study is the first qualitative conventional content analysis of the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control between 2018 and 2019. The participants were 62 in number (21 women with a history of failed cessation, 20 with successful cessation and 21 experts in tobacco consumption control) were selected purposively to take part in a semi-structured interview. An interview guide was followed and the interviews continued until data saturation. The interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. MAXQDA 10.0 was used for data analysis.Results: The participants. Overall, 5 main themes were extracted: Employing trusted influentials to address HS, Controlling HS by alternative services, Changing beliefs and attitudes toward HS, Executing administrative and regulatory measures, Facilitating HS cessation.Conclusion: The results revealed that the key determinants of controlling hookah smoking are wide and varied. They are also multi-dimensional and include different environmental, social and political factors. Controlling hookah smoking can be only effective when all individual, inter-individual, social, political and organizational determinants are considered.

scholarly journals Explaining the determinants of hookah consumption among women in southern Iran: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Dadipoor ◽  
Gerjo Kok ◽  
Teamur Aghamolaei ◽  
Mohtasham Ghaffari ◽  
Ali Heyrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Bandar Abbas ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Abstract Background The prevalence of hookah consumption has been on the increase in Iran over the past two decades. This rate is higher among women than men in the south of Iran than other geographical areas. The purpose of this study was to explain the determinants of hookah consumption among indigenous women of Bandar Abbas city, southern Iran. Methods This is the first qualitative study with the conventional content analysis approach that has examined the factors affecting the consumption of hookah at all ecological levels in 2018–2019. Participants, with a maximum variation in terms of age, education, occupation, hookah consumption and geographical areas of the city, were selected purposefully to take part in a semi-structured interview. The data were recorded, typed and analyzed according to the framework of the ecological model of health promotion at five levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, social and political). The interview continued until data saturation. MAXQDA software version 10 was used for data management. Results Interviews were conducted with 56 participants (21 female hookah smokers, 15 female ex- smokers, and 20 experienced experts). A total of eight main categories were extracted from the data including; positive attitude towards hookah consumption, psychosocial needs, sensory charms of hookah, individual factors, family factors, cultural-environmental backgrounds, social-political backgrounds, and economic challenges. Conclusions The results indicated the extensive influence of internal and external factors on the consumption of hookah. In order to successfully reduce the consumption of hookah, it is essential to consider intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, social and political factors.

scholarly journals Explaining the determinants of cessation or reduction of hookah (waterpipe) consumption among southern Iranian women: A qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Dadipoor ◽  
Gerjo Kok ◽  
Teamur Aghamolaei ◽  
Mohtasham Ghaffari ◽  
Ali Heyrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Hookah Smoking ◽  
Bandar Abbas ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract Background: The consumption of hookah is rising around the world, especially among women, due to social acceptance and a positive attitude. It is also necessary and inevitable to identify the factors that lead to a decrease in this upward trend. The present study aims to explain the determinants of cessation or reduction of hookah consumption among southern Iranian women in Bandar Abbas. Method: This qualitative study was carried out with a content analysis approach, between 2018 and 2019. In total, 36 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced individuals (15 women with successful cessation, 21 women with unsuccessful cessation) with maximum variation in age, education, and occupation, from different geographical areas of the city. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis, and MAXqda software version 10 was used for data management. Results: In total, six main categories were extracted, including incentive backgrounds, the need for liberation, control of external stimuli, religious norms, self-efficacy, and political factors. Conclusions: The results showed that many external facilitators affect the decision to quit or reduce the use of hookah. Providing the necessary conditions and factors to increase the encouraging factors and perceived threats, spiritual support and high self-efficacy can be effective in the successful cessation or reduction of hookah consumption. Keywords: Hookah, Smoking cessation, Qualitative research, Smoking, Southern Iran, Woman

scholarly journals Ischemic stroke and depression

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. DESMOND ◽  
ROBERT H. REMIEN ◽  
JOAN T. MORONEY ◽  
YAAKOV STERN ◽  
MARY SANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Functional Assessments ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Previous studies of depression after stroke have reported widely variable findings, possibly due to differences between studies in patient characteristics and methods for the assessment of depression, small sample sizes, and the failure to examine stroke-free reference groups to determine the base rate of depression in the general population. In an effort to address certain of those methodologic issues and further investigate the frequency and clinical determinants of depression after stroke, we administered the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (SIGH–D) and neurological, neuropsychological, and functional assessments to 421 patients (age = 71.5 ± 8.0 years) 3 months after ischemic stroke and 249 stroke-free control subjects (age = 70.8 ± 6.7 years). We required a SIGH–D total score > 11 for the identification of depression. We found that depression was less frequent (47/421 patients, or 11.2%, and 13/249 control subjects, or 5.2%), less severe, and less persistent in our stroke cohort than previously reported, possibly due to the underrepresentation of patients with a premorbid history of affective illness. Depression was associated with more severe stroke, particularly in vascular territories that supply limbic structures; dementia; and female sex. SIGH–D item analyses suggested that a reliance on nonsomatic rather than somatic symptoms would result in the most accurate diagnoses of depression after ischemic stroke. (JINS, 2003, 9, 429–439.)

scholarly journals Ischemic stroke and depression

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 379-379
Author(s):  
David W Desmond ◽  
Robert H Remien ◽  
Joan T Moroney ◽  
Yaakov Stern ◽  
Mary Sano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant

P219 Objective: To investigate the frequency and clinical determinants of depression after ischemic stroke. Methods: We administered the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (SIGH-D) and neurological, neuropsychological, and functional assessments to 421 patients (age = 71.5 ± 8.0 years) three months after ischemic stroke and 249 stroke-free control subjects. We required a SIGH-D total score > 11 for the identification of clinically significant depression. Results: We identified clinically significant depression in 47 of the 421 patients (11.2%) and 13 of the 249 control subjects (5.2%), yielding an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.3) for depression associated with stroke. Logistic regression suggested that depression was independently associated with dementia (OR, 3.2), a major hemispheral stroke syndrome (OR, 1.7), infarcts in the anterior and posterior cerebral artery territories vs. infarcts in other vascular territories (OR, 1.6), and female sex (OR, 1.7). When present, depression tended to be mild and typically remitted in follow-up examinations. Somatic SIGH-D items but not depressed mood best distinguished stroke patients from control subjects and demented from nondemented stroke patients. Conclusions: Depression was less frequent, less severe, and less persistent in our stroke cohort than previously reported, possibly due to the underrepresentation of patients with a premorbid history of affective illness. It was associated with more severe stroke, particularly in vascular territories that supply limbic structures, and it was more frequent among patients with dementia and women. Somatic symptoms but not depressed mood best distinguished stroke patients from control subjects and demented from nondemented stroke patients, however, suggesting that stroke is more likely to be associated with a “pseudo-depression of dementia” than a “pseudo-dementia of depression.”

Construction of citizenship in hospitalized children, Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Fernando Ledesma Perez ◽  
Maria Caycho Avalos ◽  
Juana Cruz Montero ◽  
Andrea Ayala Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Communication Interaction ◽  
The Individual

Citizenship is the exercise of the fundamental rights of people in spaces of participation, opinion and commitments, which can not be violated by any health condition in which the individual is. This research aims to interpret the process of construction of citizenship in hospitalized children, was developed through the qualitative approach, ethnomethodological method, synchronous design, with a sample of three students hospitalized in a health institute specializing in childhood, was used Observation technique and a semi-structured interview guide were obtained as results that hospitalized children carry out their citizenship construction in an incipient way, through the communication interaction they make with other people in the environment where they grow up.

Patients’ Perceptions of Caring and Uncaring Nursing Encounters in Inpatient Rehabilitation Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C Cheruiyot ◽  
Petra Brysiewicz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Being There

This study explores and describes caring and uncaring nursing encounters from the perspective of the patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation settings in South Africa. The researchers used an exploratory descriptive design. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data through individual interviews with 17 rehabilitation patients. Content analysis allowed for the analysis of textual data. Five categories of nursing encounters emerged from the analysis: noticing and acting, and being there for you emerged as categories of caring nursing encounters, and being ignored, being a burden, and deliberate punishment emerged as categories of uncaring nursing encounters. Caring nursing encounters make patients feel important and that they are not alone in the rehabilitation journey, while uncaring nursing encounters makes the patients feel unimportant and troublesome to the nurses. Caring nursing encounters give nurses an opportunity to notice and acknowledge the existence of vulnerability in the patients and encourage them to be present at that moment, leading to empowerment. Uncaring nursing encounters result in patients feeling devalued and depersonalised, leading to discouragement. It is recommended that nurses strive to develop personal relationships that promote successful nursing encounters. Further, nurses must strive to minimise the patients’ feelings of guilt and suffering, and to make use of tools, for example the self-perceived scale, to measure this. Nurses must also perform role plays on how to handle difficult patients such as confused, demanding and rude patients in the rehabilitation settings.

Perspectives of community members on homeless people with mental illness in Nsawam, Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402098419
Author(s):  
Kwamina Abekah-Carter ◽  
George Ofosu Oti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Audio Data ◽  
Good Food

Background: Homelessness among people with mental illness has grown to become a common phenomenon in many developed and developing countries. Just like in any other country, the living conditions of homeless people with mental illness in Ghana are unwholesome. Despite the increased population of these vulnerable individuals on the streets, not much is known about the perspectives of the general public towards this phenomenon in Ghana. Aim: This research was conducted to explore the perspectives of community members on homeless people with mental illness. The main study objectives were (a) to find out the impacts of the presence of persons with mental illness on the streets and (b) to ascertain the reasons accounting for homelessness among persons with mental illness. Method: Utilizing a qualitative research design, twenty community members were sampled from selected suburbs in Nsawam and interviewed with the use of a semi-structured interview guide. The audio data gathered from the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Majority of the participants asserted that homeless people with mental illness had no access to good food, shelter, and health care. They further stated that some homeless people with mental illness perpetrated physical and sexual violence against the residents. Moreover, the participants believed that persons with mental illness remained on the streets due to neglect by their family members, and limited access to psychiatric services. Conclusion: This paper concludes by recommending to government to make mental health services accessible and affordable to homeless persons with mental illness nationwide.

Head Trauma in a Community-Based Sample of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence, Mechanisms of Injury and Symptom Presentation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110163
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Meyer ◽  
Varna Jammula ◽  
Peter A. Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subconcussive Head Trauma

Objective. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of subconcussive head trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI), potential hypoxic events, and hypoxic brain injury (HBI) in victims of physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The study also aimed to characterize the injury presentation and mechanisms of injury in this population. Method. A group of 47 female participants with a history of at least one relationship that included physical violence completed a structured interview assessing for subconcussive hits, TBI, and HBI. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 55, and had an average of 15.3 years of education. Forty-four participants completed the structured interview in person and three participants completed the interview over the phone. Results. The majority of participants reported sustaining at least one impact to the head and approximately half of the participants sustained at least one impact that resulted in a mild TBI. Approximately half of the participants experienced at least one incident of having difficulty breathing due to a violent act from their partner, and approximately one-third of participants reported symptoms consistent with mild HBI. The most common mechanisms of injury were being hit with a closed fist and being strangled. Conclusions. The high levels of head trauma observed in this study highlight the need for clinical and community providers to screen victims of physical IPV for head trauma. The unique characteristics of this population (female sex, high frequency of injuries, and presence of HBIs) indicate that research evaluating the cognitive effects of injuries in this population is needed.

scholarly journals Willingness to use a wearable device capable of detecting and reversing overdose among people who use opioids in Philadelphia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Kanter ◽  
Ryan Gallagher ◽  
Feyisope Eweje ◽  
Alexander Lee ◽  
David Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Reversal Agent ◽  
Response Options ◽  
History Of ◽  
Willingness To Use

Abstract Background The incidence of opioid-related overdose deaths has been rising for 30 years and has been further exacerbated amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Naloxone can reverse opioid overdose, lower death rates, and enable a transition to medication for opioid use disorder. Though current formulations for community use of naloxone have been shown to be safe and effective public health interventions, they rely on bystander presence. We sought to understand the preferences and minimum necessary conditions for wearing a device capable of sensing and reversing opioid overdose among people who regularly use opioids. Methods We conducted a combined cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interview at a respite center, shelter, and syringe exchange drop-in program in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, during the COVID-19 pandemic in August and September 2020. The primary aim was to explore the proportion of participants who would use a wearable device to detect and reverse overdose. Preferences regarding designs and functionalities were collected via a questionnaire with items having Likert-based response options and a semi-structured interview intended to elicit feedback on prototype designs. Independent variables included demographics, opioid use habits, and previous experience with overdose. Results A total of 97 adults with an opioid use history of at least 3 months were interviewed. A majority of survey participants (76%) reported a willingness to use a device capable of detecting an overdose and automatically administering a reversal agent upon initial survey. When reflecting on the prototype, most respondents (75.5%) reported that they would wear the device always or most of the time. Respondents indicated discreetness and comfort as important factors that increased their chance of uptake. Respondents suggested that people experiencing homelessness and those with low tolerance for opioids would be in greatest need of the device. Conclusions The majority of people sampled with a history of opioid use in an urban setting were interested in having access to a device capable of detecting and reversing an opioid overdose. Participants emphasized privacy and comfort as the most important factors influencing their willingness to use such a device. Trial registration NCT04530591.

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