scholarly journals Timing is everything: Antiretroviral nonadherence is associated with impairment in time-based prospective memory

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN PAUL WOODS ◽  
MATTHEW S. DAWSON ◽  
ERICA WEBER ◽  
SARAH GIBSON ◽  
IGOR GRANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Medication Monitoring ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Future Intention ◽  
Electronic Medication Monitoring ◽  
Predictors Of Adherence

AbstractNonadherence to combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapies (cART) is highly prevalent and significantly increases the risk of adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease outcomes. The current study evaluated the hypothesis that prospective memory—a dissociable aspect of episodic memory describing the ability to execute a future intention—plays an important role in successful cART adherence. Seventy-nine individuals with HIV infection who were prescribed at least one ARV medication underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological and neuromedical evaluation prior to completing a 1-month observation of their cART adherence as measured by electronic medication monitoring. Nonadherent individuals (n = 31) demonstrated significantly poorer prospective memory functioning as compared to adherent persons (n = 48), particularly on an index of time-based ProM (i.e., elevated loss of time errors). Deficits in time-based prospective memory were independently predictive of cART nonadherence, even after considering the possible influence of established predictors of adherence, such as general cognitive impairment (e.g., retrospective learning and memory) and psychiatric comorbidity (e.g., depression). These findings extend a nascent literature showing that impairment in time-based prospective memory significantly increases the risk of medication nonadherence and therefore may guide the development of novel strategies for intervention. (JINS, 2009, 15, 42–52.)

In Shortly about HIV and AIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinisa Franjic
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus that causes AIDS in the event of untreated infection. The virus causes the weakness and inability of the organism's defense system. HIV disease is a chronic progressive process that begins with the onset of HIV virus into the body, and over time (in adults over 10 years), a gradual destruction of the immune system occurs. The host during the infection becomes vulnerable and is suffering from complications of opportunistic infections and malignancies. A person infected with HIV feels good until developing AIDS, does not notice any changes in health, and has no specific external signs of infection. The only way to detect infection at this stage is HIV testing. HIV is transmitted: unprotected sexual intercourse with the infected person, exchange of needles, syringes or accessories with infected persons when taking drugs, with infected mother on her baby before, during or after delivery (breastfeeding).

scholarly journals Prospective memory functioning among ecstasy/polydrug users: evidence from the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT)

2011 ◽  
Vol 215 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentia Hadjiefthyvoulou ◽  
John E. Fisk ◽  
Catharine Montgomery ◽  
Nikola Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Memory Functioning

Combination Therapy With Stavudine and Didanosine in Children With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Pharmacokinetic Properties, Safety, and Immunologic and Virologic Effects

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-890
Author(s):  
Mark W. Kline ◽  
Courtney V. Fletcher ◽  
Marianne E. Federici ◽  
Alice T. Harris ◽  
Kim D. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease

Objectives. To obtain preliminary information on the pharmacokinetic properties, tolerance, safety, and antiviral activity of combination therapy with stavudine and didanosine in children with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods. Eight children (median age, 6.6 years; range, 2.8 to 12 years) with advanced HIV disease (median CD4+ lymphocyte count at baseline, 42 cells/µL; range, 8 to 553 cells/µL) were treated with stavudine (2 mg/kg per day in two divided doses) and didanosine (180 mg/m2 per day in two divided doses) for 24 weeks. Seven children had histories of prior zidovudine therapy. All children had received stavudine alone for 19 to 33 months before the addition of didanosine to the treatment regimen. Children were assessed clinically and with laboratory studies at baseline, weekly through week 4 of combination therapy, and every 4 weeks thereafter. Results. Analysis of stavudine and didanosine plasma half-life values, clearances, and area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curves revealed no obvious clinical pharmacokinetic interaction between the drugs through study week 12. Combination therapy was well tolerated, and there were no drug-associated clinical or laboratory adverse events. Signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were not observed. All three children with baseline CD4+ lymphocyte counts greater than 50 cells/µL had greater than 20% increases in their counts within the first 12 weeks of therapy; CD4+ lymphocyte count increases were not observed in the other children. Plasma HIV RNA concentrations showed median declines of 0.88 log10 (range, -3.41 log10 to 0.31 log10) and 0.30 log10 (range, -0.63 log10 to 0.89 log10) at study weeks 12 and 24, respectively. Conclusions. Combination therapy with stavudine and didanosine was well tolerated and safe in this small group of children with advanced HIV disease. Plasma HIV RNA concentration declines suggest a favorable effect of therapy on virus load. These findings should be confirmed, and the regimen's clinical efficacy should be examined, in controlled studies of HIV-infected children with less-advanced disease.

Oral Manifestations of Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Review of the Literature

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-388
Author(s):  
Mark W. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Disease Status ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Oral lesions are the source of substantial HIV-associated morbidity in both adults and children. In addition, certain oral lesions are markers for progressive immunologic dysfunction and HIV disease progression. For these reasons, careful and continuous assessment of oral health is an integral part of comprehensive HIV disease treatment. Available information suggests that HIV-infected children have many of the same oral manifestations observed in HIV-infected adults, but distinguishing features have been noted. Prospective pediatric studies are needed to determine the prevalence and natural history of oral lesions, to examine the relationships between immunologic and virologic markers of HIV disease status and the occurrence of oral manifestations, to evaluate changes in the oral microbial flora of HIV-infected children over time, and to assess the causative nature of oral lesions comprehensively.

Nursing patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

2009 ◽  
pp. 637-650
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Introduction 638 Problems experienced by patients with HIV 639 Nursing assessment to establish HIV 640 Nursing problems 642 Psychosocial problems 646 Patient education 647 Discharge and continuing care 648 Common drugs used for patients with HIV 649 The term ‘HIV disease’ is used to cover the spectrum of illness (and wellness) of individuals diagnosed with HIV. More than 40 million people are HIV positive and more than half live in Africa (WHO 2004). There are two types of virus that produce similar illnesses; the most common is the retrovirus HIV-1....

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

2011 ◽  
pp. 663-669
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Introduction, nutritional goals, and assessment 664 Unintentional weight and lean tissue loss 666 Cardiovascular risk and complications associated with HIV disease and treatment 667 Additional dietary issues 668 Untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to progressive suppression of immune function, eventually rendering the body susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumours. While there is no cure, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective in suppressing HIV replication. HIV disease is now a chronic condition and causes of death in this population have shifted from traditional AIDS-related illnesses to non-AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) events, the most common being atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, liver disease, end-stage renal disease and non-AIDS–defining malignancies. There are a diverse range of nutritional conditions associated with HIV, reflecting the complexity of the disease and pharmacological management....

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document