scholarly journals On the Glacial Drift of Furness, Lancashire

The Geologist ◽  
1864 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
E. Hodgson.
Keyword(s):  
Rock Surface ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Upper Silurian ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

The following sketch of the glacial deposits of Furness is not pretended to be complete ; it is, in fact, nothing but a sketch: neither can it presume to be free from errors. The marine drift, especially, has not received all the attention it demands, but will, I hope, with the clays and peats of Furness, form a subject for a future memoir. The deposits in the section are referred doubtfully to their periods.Striated Bock Surfaces.—The district of Furness; its south-eastern part, however, does not perhaps present so many of those remarkable records of the glacial period, the striated rock-surfaces, as are to be met with in more mountainous districts. The rocks, especially the Carboniferous Limestone and Permian formations, either lie in agreat measure hidden under a thick covering of deposits, or, as in the hills of the Upper Silurian strata, are of such a soft decomposing nature, that they retain very little primitive facing.Occasionally, however, striations may be found. A little way in shore, west from the estuary of the Crake, at the head of Morecambe Bay, a rock-surface recently exposed by the removal of the overlying material, and now quarried away, showed a series of parallel shallow groovings from an inch to an inch and a half apart; the intervening spaces plane and smoothed, and having very fine striæ. The striæ and grooving had a direction from E. to W., or perhaps a little N.E. to S.W.

scholarly journals The Col-Gully and Glacial Deposits at Court Hill, Clevedon, Near Bristol, England

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (82) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Gilbertson ◽  
A. B. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Quaternary Geology ◽  
The South ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Complex Sequence ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Sandy Silt ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

AbstractAn outline is given of the Quaternary geology and geomorphology of Court Hill Col in Failand Ridge near Clevedon, Avon County, from observations made during the construction of the M5 Motorway.A glacial col-gully about 100 m wide and approximately 25 m deep is described. The col-gully, eroded through the Carboniferous Limestone, opens and deepens northward. Associated with the Col and the col-gully is a complex sequence of Quaternary deposits. Uppermost in the sequence is a layer of red sandy silt (cover sand) approximately 0.5 m thick, of periglacial origin, probably of Devensian (Weichselian) age. Largely confined to the col-gully are unstratified tills, stratified ice-contact deposits and glacio-lacustrine deltaic deposits. The glaciogenic deposits are up to 25 m thick. Boulders of about 8 Mg in weight have been observed.The geomorphology of the col-gully, and the stratification and composition of the glaciogenic deposits, demonstrate that an ice sheet at least 85 m thick had impinged against the south flank of Failand Ridge and was discharging immense quantities of water and sediment down an ice-contact slope through the Col into a small ice-marginal lake north of the col-gully. The ice sheet is regarded as being Wolstonian, or Anglian, in age.The precise origins of the col-gully and the interpretation of the glacial sequence are not yet completely clear. However, it is believed that the balance of evidence indicates that both the col-gully itself and the glaciogenic deposits represent a complex sub-, en- and pro-glacial sequence associated with the downwasting and division of an ice mass into two parts by the "emergence" of Failand Ridge. The possible extent and geomorphological implications of ice-sheet penetration into the Bristol area are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals III. On the origin of the parallel roads of Lochaber, and their bearing on other phenomena of the glacial period

1879 ◽  
Vol 29 (196-199) ◽  
pp. 6-21 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Period ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
The One

Of the various hypotheses that have been brought forward since the time of Macculloch and Dick-Lauder to account for the origin of the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy, the one so ably propounded by Mr. Jamieson, in 1863, has been most generally received and adopted. It is a modification of the views originally expressed by Agassiz, to the effect that the barriers of the lakes,—to the shore action of which both the above-named geologists attributed the “roads,” but were at a loss to account both for the formation and removal of barriers,—had been formed during the glacial period by glaciers issuing from Glen Treig and Glen Arkaig, supplemented by others from Ben Nevis. The subsequent determination, by the Scotch geologists, of an intermediate milder period succeeded by a second cold period, led Mr. Jamieson, with whom the preglacial and glacial deposits of Scotland had been a subject of especial investigation, to conclude that the extension of these two glaciers took place during the second cold period, which he thinks was of little less intensity than the first, and that, while the glacier from Glen Arkaig blocked up Glen Gluoy, the glacier from Glen Treig formed a barrier to Glen Roy.

scholarly journals The Carboniferous Limestone Series of West Cumberland

1922 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Mining Town ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Complete Section ◽  
Single Instance ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone ◽  
Western Portion

The area under consideration extends from the mining town ot Egremont to Scalesmoor Farm in the parish of Lamplugh in West Cumberland, and comprises a tract of country 9 miles in length and rather less than 3 miles in width, running from S.S.W. to N.N.E. It forms the south-eastern margin of the Whitehaven Coalfield, and is the western portion of the “collar” of Lower Carboniferous rocks almost surrounding the older Palæozoic rocks of which the Lake District proper is composed. The area consists in the main of fahly continuous outcrops, but is much disturbed by faulting. In the unravelling of the tectonics of the district, however, the difficulty caused by excessive faulting is counterbalanced by the multiplicity of the borings that have been made during the exploration and development of the valuable haematite deposits associated with the limestones. In no single instance is there an exposure giving a complete section of the sequence, yet with the help of the journals of the “bores” every one of the exposures mentioned in this paper can be placed at its exact horizon with great accuracy.

scholarly journals II.—The Perched Blocks of Norber Brow and their Levels Relative to their Place of Origin

1891 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 291-292
Author(s):  
T. Mellard Reade
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Period ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
Interesting Paper ◽  
Returning Home ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone ◽  
Made In

In a recent excursion the Liverpool Geological Society visited Norber Brow, near Austwick, to inspect the celebrated perched blocks of Silurian rock lying upon the Carboniferous limestone plateau. The visit was made in very appropriate weather during a storm of hail which added a weird element to the scene and heightened by contrast the blackness of the Silurian blocks. Since returning home I have re-read Prof. McKenny Hughes' interesting paper on the subject, and find that generally speaking my notes and measurements are in accord with his. The angularity of the perched blocks, so different to the rounded and striated erratics of the Boulder Clay Plains of Lancashire and Cheshire, and the absence of Boulder Clay, is very striking, and inevitably suggests their transportal by glacier ice probably at the last phase of the glacial period.

XXVIII.—Geological Observations in South-eastern and Central Iceland

1949 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
East And West ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Basalt Plateau ◽  
Basaltic Lavas ◽  
Group 1

The volcanic rocks of Iceland have been grouped by Tyrrell and Peacock (1928) into:3. The Recent, Post-Glacial and Late Interglacial Eruptives.2. The Early Glacial Breccia or Palagonite Formation.1. The Pre-Glacial Kainozoic Basalt Plateau.Group 1 consists of nearly 10,000 feet of basalts with lignite beds, acid extrusives and acid and basic intrusions. In the east and west of Iceland the old plateau is exposed, but centrally it is down-faulted and covered with more recent tuffs and lavas.Group 2 contains a varied assemblage of deposits comprising tuffs, breccias and lavas, moraines, boulder clays and fluvioglacial sediments (Nielsen and Noe-Nygaard, 1936 a). The lower part of this formation consists of over 2000 feet of basaltic lavas with interbedded glacial and fossiliferous deposits, and the upper part of glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits with doleritic lavas.Group 3 is made up mainly of basaltic lavas but with occasional acid phases. In the ice-covered highlands the volcanoes have continued to produce tuffs and breccias.

IV.—On Changes of Climate during the Glacial Epoch

1871 ◽  
Vol 8 (90) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Geikie
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Climate ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Arctic Condition ◽  
Glacial Epoch ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
Gradual Approach ◽  
Snow And Ice

If one were asked to put into a few words the general results which have been arrived at from a study of the Glacial deposits, he would probably say that these deposits gave evidence of a severe Arctic condition of things having obtained in this country,—that the gradual approach of this Arctic climate caused the disappearance from our area of the fauna and flora which had previously characterized it,—that during the continuance of the cold in Britain several speciesof mammalia appear to have died out in the more southern regions of Europe, whither they had migrated,—and that it was not until after our climate had become greatly ameliorated that these islands were visited by what are termed the “Post-glacial mammalia,” several species of which, however, had been denizens. of Britain and northern Europe inPre-glacial times. In short, our island, throughout the Glacial period proper, is commonly supposed to have remained a barren waste of snow and ice. But the evidence which has been accumulating during recent years will compel us, I believe, to modify materially these general inferences. So far from the Glacial epoch having been one long continuous age of ice, it would appear to have been broken up by many intervening periods of less Arctic, and even temperate conditions, during whichthe snow and ice disappeared from our low grounds, and the glaciers shrunk back into our mountain valleys. I speak, of course, of that portion of the Glacial epoch which was antecedent to the general submergence, and is represented by the Till or Boulder-clay of Scotland. la this short paper I propose to give an outline of the facts upon which these conclusions are based. But before doing so it may be well to point out the order of succession of the Scottish drift deposits, which is now no longer a matter of dispute. Beginning with the lower beds, we have the following sequence

New Evidence of Intra-Formational Piping at Two Separate Horizons in the Carboniferous Limestone (Dibunophyllum Zone) at South Cornelly, Glamorgan

1953 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Limestone Quarry ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Village ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

AbstractLarge-scale extractions from a limestone quarry immediately east of the village of South Cornelly have provided sections of the Dibunophyllum Zone (probably the top of D1 Subzone) showing deep piping at two separate horizons. On the lower sides and floors of some of the larger pipes, the limestones and pseudo-breccias have been metasomatically replaced by a thin layer or by irregular pockets of haematite up to a foot in thickness. All the evidence points to two periods of emergence and sub-aerial erosion followed by lagoonal conditions with a Keuper-like environment when the irregularities of the underlying rock surface were filled with marl.

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